Papers

Book Chapter:

1. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, R.M. Gairola, H. Norouzi, and D.S. Pai, 2018: Status of high-resolution multisatellite precipitation products across India. In Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation (eds. T. Islam, Y. Hu, A. Kokhanovsky, and J. Wang), Elsevier, 301-314, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-810437-8.00014-1.

Journals:

   2025

1. Prakash, S., R.K. Giri, and S.C. Bhan, 2025: On the increasing length of the southwest monsoon season over India. Mausam, 76(3), 745-754. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v76i3.6526.

2. Singh, S., S. Prakash, and M. Mohapatra, 2025: Observational aspects of cyclonic storm ‘ASNA’ – a rare tropical cyclone over the Arabian Sea during peak southwest monsoon months. Current Science, 128(9), 940-945. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v128/i9/940-945.

3. Mitra, A.K., S. Prakash, and D.S. Pai, 2025: Operational 24-hour accumulated rainfall dataset over Indian region by merging rain gauge and multi-satellite estimate from ‘Global Precipitation Measurement’ mission. Journal of Earth System Science, 134(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-025-02550-0. 

4. Kumar, S., S. Kant, A. Kumar and S. Prakash, 2025: Assessment of remote sensing-based environmental features of severe cyclonic storm ‘Dana’ over the Bay of Bengal in October 2024. Current Science, 128(5), 465-471. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v128/i5/465-471.

5.  Giri, R.K., S. Prakash, R. Yadav, N. Kaushik, M.V. Shukla, P.K. Thapliyal, and K.C. Saikrishnan, 2025: A review of the global operational geostationary meteorological satellites. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 37, 101403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101403.

   2024

6. Prakash, S., D.S. Pai, and M. Mohapatra, 2024: Meteorological sub-divisional scale comparison between two Indian rain gauge-based rainfall datasets for the southwest monsoon season. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 181(8), 2613-2630.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-024-03540-x.

7. Prakash, S., and M. Mohapatra, 2024: Vertical structure of tropical cyclone precipitation over the North Indian Ocean: A spaceborne precipitation radar perspective. Remote Sensing Letters, 15(1), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2024.2302349.

   2023

8. Giri, R.K., S. Prakash, R. Yadav, C. Mishra, Y. Jha, N. Barak, A. Yadav, N. Kaushik, M.V. Shukla, P.K. Thapliyal, and K.C. Saikrishnan, 2023: An overview of validation of meteorological products derived from INSAT-3D/3DR imager and sounder instruments. Vayumandal, 49(2), 34-46.

9. Prakash, S., and M. Mohapatra, 2023: Mean rainfall characteristics of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean using a merged satellite-gauge daily rainfall dataset. Natural Hazards, 119(3), 1437-1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06158-9.

10. Giri, R.K., S. Prakash, R. Yadav, and K.C. Saikrishnan, 2023: INSAT geostationary meteorological satellite program and current meteorological data processing system for INSAT-3D/3DR/3DS at India Meteorological Department. Vayumandal, 49(1), 11-28.

11. Prakash, S., and S.C. Bhan, 2023: How accurate are infrared-only and rain gauge-adjusted multi-satellite precipitation products in the southwest monsoon precipitation estimation across India? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(4), 515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11148-2.

12. Prakash, S., and S.C. Bhan, 2023: Assessment of INSAT-3D-derived high-resolution real-time precipitation products for North Indian Ocean cyclones. Natural Hazards, 115(1), 993-1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05582-7.

       2022

13. Ahmed, R., S. Prakash, M. Mohapatra, R.K. Giri, and S. Dwivedi, 2022: Understanding the rapid intensification of extremely severe cyclonic storm ‘Tauktae’ using remote‑sensing observations. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 134(6), 97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-022-00935-0.

14. Bah, A.R., H. Norouzi, S. Prakash, R. Blake, R. Khanbilvardi, and C. Rosenzweig, 2022: Spatial downscaling of GOES-R land surface temperature over urban regions: A case study for New York City. Atmosphere, 13(2), 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020332.

2021

15. Prakash, S., and J. Srinivasan, 2021: A comprehensive evaluation of near-real-time and research products of IMERG precipitation over India for the southwest monsoon period. Remote Sensing, 13(18), 3676. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183676.

16. Sharifnezhad, Z., H. Norouzi, S. Prakash, R. Blake, and R. Khanbilvardi, 2021: Diurnal cycle of passive microwave brightness temperatures over land at a global scale. Remote Sensing, 13(4), 817. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040817.

2020

17. Azarderakhsh, M., S. Prakash, Y. Zhao, and A. AghaKouchak, 2020: Satellite-based analysis of extreme land surface temperatures and diurnal variability across the hottest place on Earth. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 17(12), 2025-2029. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2019.2962055.

18. You, Y., S.J. Munchak, R. Ferraro, K. Mohr, C. Peters-Lidard, C. Prigent, S. Ringerud, S. Rudlosky, H. Wang, H. Norouzi, and S. Prakash, 2020: Raindrop signature from microwave radiometer over deserts. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(16), e2020GL088656. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088656.

19. Prakash, S., and H. Norouzi, 2020: Land surface temperature variability across India: A remote sensing satellite perspective. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 139(1-2), 773-784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-03010-8.

2019

20. Prakash, S., F. Shati, H. Norouzi, and R. Blake, 2019: Observed differences between near-surface air and skin temperatures using satellite and ground-based data. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 137(1-2), 587-600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2623-1.

21. Sharifnezhadazizi, Z., H. Norouzi, S. Prakash, C. Beale, and R. Khanbilvardi, 2019: A global analysis of land surface temperature diurnal cycle using MODIS observations. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 58(6), 1279-1291. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0256.1.

22. Prakash, S., A. Seshadri, J. Srinivasan, and D.S. Pai, 2019: A new parameter to assess impact of rain gauge density on uncertainty in the estimate of monthly rainfall over India. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 20(5), 821-832. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0161.1.

23. Prakash, S., 2019: Performance assessment of CHIRPS, MSWEP, SM2RAIN-CCI, and TMPA precipitation products across India. Journal of Hydrology, 571, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.036.

2018

24. Prakash, S., M.R. Ramesh Kumar, S. Mathew, and R. Venkatesan, 2018: How accurate are satellite estimates of precipitation over the north Indian Ocean? Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 134(1-2), 467-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-17-2287-2.

25. Prakash, S., 2018: Capabilities of satellite-derived datasets to detect consecutive Indian monsoon droughts of 2014 and 2015. Current Science, 114(11), 2362-2368. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i11/2362-2368.

26. Prakash, S., H. Norouzi, M. Azarderakhsh, R. Blake, C. Prigent, and R. Khanbilvardi, 2018: Estimation of consistent global microwave land surface emissivity from AMSR-E and AMSR2 observations. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 57(4), 907-919. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0213.1.

27. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, A. AghaKouchak, Z. Liu, H. Norouzi, and D.S. Pai, 2018: A preliminary assessment of GPM-based multi-satellite precipitation estimates over a monsoon dominated region. Journal of Hydrology, 556, 865-876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.029.

28. Shati, F., S. Prakash, H. Norouzi, and R. Blake, 2018: Assessment of differences between near-surface air and soil temperatures for reliable detection of high-latitude freeze and thaw states. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 145, 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.007.

2017

29. Gera, A., D.K. Mahapatra, K. Sharma, S. Prakash, A.K. Mitra, G.R. Iyengar, E.N. Rajagopal, and N. Anilkumar, 2017: Assessment of marine weather forecasts over the Indian sector of Southern Ocean. Polar Science, 13, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.04.003. 

30. Prakash, S., H. Norouzi, M. Azarderakhsh, R. Blake, and R. Khanbilvardi, 2017: Potential of satellite-based land emissivity estimates for the detection of high-latitude freeze and thaw states. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(5), 2336-2342. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072560.

31. Jangid, B.P., S. Prakash,  M.T. Bushair, and R. Kumar, 2017: Adding value to INSAT-3D sea surface temperature fields using MODIS data over the tropical Indian Ocean. Remote Sensing Letters, 8(5), 458-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2017.1280201.

2016

32. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, I.M. Momin, E.N. Rajagopal, S.F. Milton, and G.M. Martin, 2016: Skill of short- to medium-range monsoon rainfall forecasts from two global models over India for hydro-meteorological applications. Meteorological Applications, 23(4), 574-586. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1579.

33. Prakash, S., H. Norouzi, M. Azarderakhsh, R. Blake, and K. Tesfagiorgis, 2016: Global land surface emissivity estimation from AMSR2 observations. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 13(9), 1270-1274. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2016.2581140.

34. Prakash, S., I.M. Momin, A.K. Mitra, P.S. Bhattacharjee, F. Yang, and V. Tallapragada, 2016: An early assessment of medium range monsoon precipitation forecasts from the latest high-resolution NCEP-GFS (T1534) model over South Asia. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 173(6), 2215-2225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-016-1248-5.

35. Bushair, M.T., S. Prakash, S. Patel, and R.M. Gairola, 2016: Assessment of Kalpana-1 rainfall product over Indian meteorological sub-divisions during the summer monsoon season. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 44(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-015-0465-1.

36. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, V. Sathiyamoorthy, R.M. Gairola, and A.K. Mitra, 2016: An investigation of long-term changes in rainfall over the Equatorial Indian Ocean trough region during northern summer using multisatellite data. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 124(1-2), 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1406-1.

37. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, E.N. Rajagopal, and D.S. Pai, 2016: Assessment of TRMM-based TMPA-3B42 and GSMaP precipitation products over India for the peak southwest monsoon season. International Journal of Climatology, 36(4), 1614-1631. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4446.

38. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, D.S. Pai, and A. AghaKouchak, 2016: From TRMM to GPM: How well can heavy rainfall be detected from space? Advances in Water Resources, 88, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.11.008.

2015

39. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, A. AghaKouchak, and D.S. Pai, 2015: Error characterization of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA-3B42) products over India for different seasons. Journal of Hydrology, 529(P3), 1302-1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.062.

40. Patel, S., S. Prakash, and B. Bhatt, 2015: An assessment of Kalpana-1 rainfall product for drought monitoring over India at meteorological sub-division scale. Water International, 40(4), 689-702. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1072784.

41. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, I.M. Momin, R.M. Gairola, D.S. Pai, E.N. Rajagopal, and S. Basu, 2015: A review of recent evaluations of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) research products against ground-based observations over Indian land and oceanic regions. Mausam, 66(3), 355-366.

42. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, and D.S. Pai, 2015: Comparing two high-resolution gauge-adjusted multisatellite rainfall products over India for the southwest monsoon period. Meteorological Applications, 22(3), 679-688. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.1502.

43. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, I.M. Momin, E.N. Rajagopal, S. Basu, M. Collins, A.G. Turner, K. Achuta Rao, and K. Ashok, 2015: Seasonal intercomparison of observational rainfall datasets over India during the southwest monsoon season. International Journal of Climatology, 35(9), 2326-2338. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4129.

44. Prakash, S., R.M. Gairola, and A.K. Mitra, 2015: Comparison of large-scale global land precipitation from multisatellite and reanalysis products with gauge-based GPCC data sets. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 121(1-2), 303-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1245-5.

45. Momin, I.M., A.K. Mitra, S. Prakash, D.K. Mahapatra, A. Gera, and E.N. Rajagopal, 2015: Variability of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean as inferred from Aquarius and in situ data sets. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 36(7), 1907-1920. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1030045.

46. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, I.M. Momin, D.S. Pai, E.N. Rajagopal, and S. Basu, 2015: Comparison of TMPA-3B42 versions 6 and 7 precipitation products with gauge-based data over India for the southwest monsoon period. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16(1), 346-362. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0024.1.

47. Gairola, R.M., S. Prakash, and P.K. Pal, 2015: Improved rainfall estimation over the Indian monsoon region by synergistic use of Kalpana-1 and rain gauge data Atmόsfera,  28(1), 51-61.

2014

48. Mitra, A.K., S. Prakash, I.M. Momin, D.S. Pai, and A.K. Srivastava, 2014: Daily merged satellite gauge real-time rainfall dataset for Indian region. Vayumandal, 40(1-2), 33-43.

49. Prakash, S., R.M. Gairola, F. Papa, and A.K. Mitra, 2014: An assessment of terrestrial water storage, rainfall and river discharge over Northern India from satellite data. Current Science, 107(9), 1582-1586.

50. Gairola, R.M., S. Prakash, M.T. Bushair, and P.K. Pal, 2014: Rainfall estimation from Kalpana-1 satellite data over Indian land and oceanic regions. Current Science, 107(8), 1275-1282.

51. Gairola, R.M., S. Prakash, C. Mahesh, and B.S. Gohil, 2014: Model function for wind speed retrieval from SARAL-AltiKa radar altimeter backscatter: Case studies with TOPEX and Jason data. Marine Geodesy, 37(4), 379-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2013.877545.

52. Mahesh, C., S. Prakash, R.M. Gairola, S. Shah, and P.K. Pal, 2014: Meteorological sub-divisional scale rainfall monitoring using Kalpana-1 VHRR measurements. Geographical Research, 52(3), 328-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12068.

53. Prakash, S., A.K. Mitra, I.M. Momin, E.N. Rajagopal, and S. Basu, 2014: Agreement between monthly land rainfall estimates from TRMM-PR and gauge-based observations over South Asia. Remote Sensing Letters, 5(6), 558-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.934401.

54. Mahesh, C., S. Prakash, V. Sathiyamoorthy, and R.M. Gairola, 2014: An improved approach for rainfall estimation over Indian summer monsoon region using Kalpana-1 data. Advances in Space Research, 54(4), 685-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.04.019. 

55. Prakash, S., V. Sathiyamoorthy, C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2014: An evaluation of high-resolution multisatellite rainfall products over the Indian monsoon region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35(9), 3018-3035. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.894661.

56. Prakash, S., and R.M. Gairola, 2014: Validation of TRMM-3B42 precipitation product over the tropical Indian Ocean using rain gauge data from the RAMA buoy array. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 115(3-4), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0903-3.

2013

57. Prakash, S., and R.M. Gairola, 2013: Estimation of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean by synergistic use of SMOS and RAMA buoy data. Methods in Oceanography, 8, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mio.2014.06.003.

58. Sathiyamoorthy, V., C. Mahesh, K. Gopalan, S. Prakash, B.P. Shukla, and A.K. Mathur, 2013: Characteristics of low clouds over the Arabian Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(24), 13489-13503.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020553.

59. Collins, M., K. AchutaRao, K. Ashok, S. Bhandari, A.K. Mitra, S. Prakash, R. Srivastava, and A. Turner, 2013: Observational challenges in evaluating climate models. Nature Climate Change, 3(11), 940-941. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2012.

60. Prakash, S., and R.M. Gairola, 2013: Relationship between northeast monsoon rainfall and near-surface atmospheric wind convergence over the north Indian Ocean using  multisatellite data. Natural Hazards, 68(2), 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0651-9.

61. Prakash, S., V. Sathiyamoorthy, C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2013: Is summer monsoon rainfall over the west coast of India decreasing? Atmospheric Science Letters, 14(3), 160-163. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.433.

62. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2013: Comparison of TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA)-3B43 version 6 and 7 products with rain gauge data from ocean buoys. Remote Sensing Letters, 4(7), 677-685. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2013.783248.

63. Prakash, S., R.M. Gairola, and P.K. Thapliyal, 2013: Sea surface salinity estimation in the Bay of Bengal using multisatellite measurements. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 10(3), 525-527. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2012.2212176.

64. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, V. Sathiyamoorthy, and R.M. Gairola, 2013: Increasing trend of northeast monsoon rainfall over the Equatorial Indian Ocean and Peninsular India. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 112(1-2), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0719-6.

2012

65. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2012: Observational study of the oceanic surface parameters in the Eastern Indian Ocean during two contrasting dipole years 2005 and 2006. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 9(5), 906-909. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2012.2182987.

66. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2012: Sea level anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean during two contrasting southwest monsoon years. International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems, 3(2), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1260/1759-3131.3.2.127.

67. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, R.M. Gairola, and B. Buyantogtokh, 2012: A feasibility of six-hourly rainfall forecast over central India using model output and remote sensing data. International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology, 2(2), 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.12.47409.

68. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2012: Observed relationship between surface freshwater flux and salinity in the North Indian Ocean. Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Letters, 5(3), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/16742834.2012.11446984.

69. Karaseva, M.O., S. Prakash, and R.M. Gairola, 2012: Validation of high-resolution TRMM-3B43 precipitation product using rain gauge measurements over Kyrgyzstan. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 108(1-2), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0509-6.

70. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, R.M. Gairola, and P.K. Pal, 2012: Comparison of high-resolution TRMM-based precipitation products during tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean. Natural Hazards, 61(2), 689-701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-0055-7.

2011

71. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, and R.M. Gairola, 2011: Large-scale precipitation estimation using Kalpana-1 IR measurements and its validation using GPCP and GPCC data. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 106(3-4), 283-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0435-7.

72. Mahesh, C., S. Prakash, V. Sathiyamoorthy, and R.M. Gairola, 2011: Artificial neural network based microwave precipitation estimation using scattering index and polarization corrected temperature. Atmospheric Research, 102(3), 358-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.09.003.

73. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, R.M. Gairola, and S. Pokhrel 2011: Surface freshwater flux estimation using TRMM measurements over the tropical oceans. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 1(4), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2011.14025.

2010

74. Prakash, S., C. Mahesh, R.M. Gairola, and P.K. Pal, 2010: Estimation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall using Kalpana-1 VHRR data and its validation using rain gauge and GPCP data. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 110(1-2), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-010-0106-8.

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