Linux/Unix
on my laptop UBUNTU 22.04.2 LTS I have installed ifort (installed the free version form this file:
(l_fortran-compiler_p_2023.1.0.46348_offline.sh) Approx 845 MB file
running ifort command shows this error:
ld: /usr/local/lib/liblapack.a(xerbla.o): in function `xerbla_':
xerbla.f:(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `_gfortran_st_write'
ld: xerbla.f:(.text+0x60): undefined reference to `_gfortran_string_len_trim'
ld: xerbla.f:(.text+0x77): undefined reference to `_gfortran_transfer_character_write'
ld: xerbla.f:(.text+0x87): undefined reference to `_gfortran_transfer_integer_write'
ld: xerbla.f:(.text+0x8f): undefined reference to `_gfortran_st_write_done'
ld: xerbla.f:(.text+0x9a): undefined reference to `_gfortran_stop_string'
ld: /usr/local/lib/liblapack.a(dormtr.o): in function `dormtr_':
dormtr.f:(.text+0x2dc): undefined reference to `_gfortran_concat_string'
ld: dormtr.f:(.text+0x476): undefined reference to `_gfortran_concat_string'
ld: dormtr.f:(.text+0x4d9): undefined reference to `_gfortran_concat_string'
ld: dormtr.f:(.text+0x521): undefined reference to `_gfortran_concat_string'
ld: /usr/local/lib/liblapack.a(dormql.o): in function `dormql_':
dormql.f:(.text+0x5a7): undefined reference to `_gfortran_concat_string'
ld: /usr/local/lib/liblapack.a(dormql.o):dormql.f:(.text+0x6e4): more undefined references to `_gfortran_concat_string' follow
Use of rsync command in linux and to see the progress :
somenath@fermi:~/Documents/college-Physics$ rsync -av --progress * /media/somenath/finder/somenath/Documents/college-Physics/
Here I am copying all the files and folders (that is why * is added) to the destination folder /media/somenath/finder/somenath/Documents/CollegePhysics/
folder..
Install SCILAB in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
These are the steps:
go to https://www.scilab.org/ website to download the scilab software.
you can download Scilab 6.1.1
See the System requirements if you like/not necessary if you are new to Computational Physics or have just bought a brand new Computer.
You have downloaded scilab-6.1.1.bin.linux-x86_64.tar.gz file I hope.
Extract it in the same folder, let us say, in Download folder.
You should see a new folder has been created called Scilab-6.1.1
You may use Linux Terminal to go inside the folder as
write this : cd Download/Scilab-6.1.1/
Copy all the files and folders of Scilab-6.1.1 in /usr/local/
You can use mouse and right click and copy in usual way, or
Use Terminal to copy, write this : sudo cp -r * /usr/local/
Then there will be some issue with plotting a function.. [see here]
Open .bashrc file from Terminal.
add the line:
alias scilab='LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 /usr/local/bin/scilab'
From terminal type :
source .bashrc
Close all terminal, and type scilab to see all is working fine!
We are done now.
Ubuntu 22.04LTS was facing problem to get my print out done from HP Laser Jet 1020 plus printer.
What I did is just typed
hp-help
in the terminal and followed the instruction from screen. It worked..
Install Ubuntu 22.04 LTS in my Lenovo Thinkpad E430
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-desktop#1-overview
Problem:
When I launch SCILAB from terminal it shows
Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"
The Solution is :
sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module
How to copy from Libre Office Calc and paste it in Ubuntu LibreOffice writer ?
Copy from excel
go to Libre office writer
Paste special and do unformatted text
select the entire things and go to table -> Convert-> text to Table
In almost all online form fill up process, you need to upload images and signatures in JPEG format with definite file size. Lets say, 50KB. So here is the simplest and easiest way to do it in Ubuntu. (My OS is Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS ) : Type this thing in Linux/Ubuntu terminal:
convert -resize 50% old-pict.jpg new-pic.jpeg
check the new file produced to see the size . What the command does, it reduces the original file old-pic.jpeg to its 50% and make the new-pic.jpeg.
Very painful experience
how to reduce size of pdf file
pdf2ps file.pdf
ps2pdf file.ps
it worked and helped
"open" command like Mac OS
gfortran lapack problem in my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
Slow SSH (remote login in Ubuntu 12.04)
Solved:
Open terminal
edit /etc/ssh/ssh_config file as root.
then comment out the last two lines in that file like this
# GSSAPIAuthentication yes
# GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
And then you are done
CentOS : Adding Username and password through terminal
Open the terminal
Login as superuser by typing "su"
write : "useradd somu" without the quotation mark
write : "passwd somu"
write "rocks sync users" as it is our SPS cluster.
How to make my own command:
First open the terminal
create a file called "mycommand"
edit the file "mycommand" with your favorite text editor
write the following
#!/bin/sh
latex "$1".tex
dvipdf "$1".dvi
then in the terminal type
chmod +x mycommand
sudo cp mycommand /usr/bin
this will make the mycommand file executable and copying the mycommand file inside /usr/bin which is root restricted. So we have used sudo. No we can open a new terminal and check whether the mycommand is updated as a new unix command.
Thanks,
{updated on 7th Jan 2013}
remote login
Today 07 April 2012
I face a problem like this:
The new computers in phd lab 138 were installed. So when I tried to remotely log in into "binder" machine with the host name "somenath@xxx.xx.xx.xxx" is said something like this:
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
5c:9b:16:56:a6:cd:11:10:3a:cd:1b:a2:91:cd:e5:1c.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /Users/user/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending key in /Users/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1
RSA host key for server1.example.com has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.
=====================================================================
What I dis is this. I searched it in google.
Got a forum.
typed in the terminal
---------------------------------------------------
ssh-keygen -R somenath@xxx.xx.xx.xxx
-------------------------------------------------
Hurrey. Its done. Now I can log into the machine down there.
OK Now sometimes you may miss the basic thing.
Open terminal
type
cd .ssh/
then delete all the things in the file known_hosts
then save the file. Do not delete that file. Just clean it.
Then try to log-in
My Colorful terminal. This is the .bashrc file
somenath@Kanaad~$vi .bashrc
export PATH=/opt/alps/bin/:$PATH
CLICOLOR="YES"
export CLICOLOR
LSCOLORS="bxbccxdxexfxDxhbadExBx"
#
# a = black
# b = red
# c = green
# d = brown
# e = blue
# f = magenta
# g = cyan
# h = light gray
# x = default
#
export LSCOLORS
alias q="exit"
alias math="/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/MacOS/MathKernel"
alias bose="ssh -X somnath@xxx.xx.xx.xxx"
alias gf="/usr/bin/gfortran"
alias grace="/Applications/Grace.app/Contents/Resources/grace/bin/xmgrace"
alias gnuplot="/Applications/Gnuplot.app/Contents/Resources/bin/gnuplot"
# PS1="\[\033[4;34m\]\u@\h\[\033[4;33m\]\W\$\[\033[00m\]"
PS1="\[\033[4;30m\]\u@\h\[\033[46m\]\W\$\[\033[00m\]"
# xtblk='\e[0;30m' # Black - Regular
# txtred='\e[0;31m' # Red
# txtgrn='\e[0;32m' # Green
# txtylw='\e[0;33m' # Yellow
# txtblu='\e[0;34m' # Blue
# txtpur='\e[0;35m' # Purple
# txtcyn='\e[0;36m' # Cyan
# txtwht='\e[0;37m' # White
# bldblk='\e[1;30m' # Black - Bold
# bldred='\e[1;31m' # Red
# bldgrn='\e[1;32m' # Green
# bldylw='\e[1;33m' # Yellow
# bldblu='\e[1;34m' # Blue
# bldpur='\e[1;35m' # Purple
# bldcyn='\e[1;36m' # Cyan
# bldwht='\e[1;37m' # White
# unkblk='\e[4;30m' # Black - Underline
We want to learn today how not to enter password again and again when we are doing remote log-in
Steps:
1. Open the terminal
2.
3. We typed
ssh-keygen -t rsa
4. And press enter. Then don’t write or enter any passphase when these tow lines come
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
5. Now write this
somenath@Kanaad~$ssh somenath@ip mkdir -p .ssh
and this will come
somenath@ip's password:
6. Then write this
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh somenath@ip 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
7. this will come. enter the password for the last time
somenath@ip's password:
When you are inside the 105’th machine and logout from there you will come back to your own somenath@Kanaad~$ machine.
And from now on if you want to log in to 105 it will not ask for any password. But what I faced is little bit interesting.
I had to do this inside the 105 machine.
Auto ssh
somenath@Binder~$cd .ssh/
somenath@Binder.ssh$ls
authorized_keys known_hosts
somenath@Binder.ssh$chmod 640 authorized_keys
somenath@Binder.ssh$
somenath@Binder.ssh$cd ../
somenath@Binder~$chmod 700 .ssh
somenath@Binder~$exit
logout
Connection to xxx.xx.xx.xx closed.
somenath@Kanaad~$
somenath@Kanaad~$ssh somenath@xxx.xx.xx.xxx
Last login: Sat Jun 9 14:20:52 2012 from xxx.xx.xx.local
somenath@Binder~$
See, I did not have to put any password.
Hurray !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Now to add more machine in this auto login arena, you do not do
ssh-keygen again
Just type in the terminal:
ssh -X machine2@xxxxxxxxx mkdir -p .ssh
And then
that cat command.
You are done
How to make terminal in Mac OS look colorful and your slave?
Here is the solution. Write your .bashrc file in home directory. And, then write this:
alias q="exit"
[this is for shortcut of exit. Just type "q" and enter. You will be come out of the terminal. No need to write "exit"]
export CLICOLOR="true"
export LSCOLORS="gxfxcxdxbxegedabagacad"
(this whole thing you have to write for making colorful terminal when you use vi editor to write something..)
PS1="\[\033[4;31m\]\u@\h\[\033[4;32m\]\w\$\[\033[00m\] " [makes the terminal colorful]
Classical Monte-Carlo. Ising model simulation on a square lattice (2D). The stability I have checked by plotting Binder cumulant.
Quantum Monte-Carlo very little.
---- in the process of updating...
Exact Diagonalization (I am now in the process of learning it. I am only concentrating on Spin systems.)
DMRG is must to learn. As one says DRMG ED and QMC are the triad to learn to be able to do something in the world of recent progress in Physics as its the computer world now, and most of the problems are saturated and too tough to do analytic work. One must have to learn some numerical techniques.
Fortran programming. I follow a book by “Stephen J Chapman” and lots of googling. Some links I will update here for further information.
LaTex. This method of writing I started to learn in my M.Sc 4th Semester and stll amazed by its style and capabilities. Beamer I have used for presentation. But I prefer Keynote presentation as it gives me more freedom.
Plotting Softwares:
GNUplot. This is my ex-girl-friend. Plot 0.997 (because I use MAC OS). XMGrace.
I should mention that I have learned how to install Linux (Fedora, Ubuntu, Red Hat EL, Scientific Linux) and Windows OS (XP). I work on Mac Pro (Workstation). I don't try to play with it as its very expensive. Here I should mention that in our SPS departments there are lots of guys who are computer giants. Ravi Prakash is one of them whom I admire.
Join two .mp4 file using linux terminal
hope you have ffmpeg install
then write
ffmpeg -i concat:"video1.mp4|video2.mp4" -codec copy output.mp4
Uninstall LibreOffice
type in the terminal:
sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
If you want to clean the old templates which you fucked up during making your own templates...
go to .config folder hidden inside your /home
then see the libreoffice folder
delete them all to completely remove any signature of old libreoffice
Join multiple pdf files via terminal
pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf file3.pdf cat output finaloutputfile.pdf
To join multiple jpeg file into one pdf file (which I did to make a single file of all my scanned certificates into a single pdf file)
convert file1.jpeg file2.jpeg newonefile.pdf
Open terminal here
sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal
nautilus -q
Make a pendrive bootable from Mac or Ubuntu to install a Linux version
On your mac
------------------------
1. Download the .iso file (lets say mylinux.iso) of any Linux OS
2. Open terminal
3. To convert .iso file to .img file type in the terminal
hdiutil convert -format UDRW mylinux.img mylinux.iso
4. type in the terminal
diskutil list
5. insert your pendrive
6. type in the terminal
diskutil list
7. find your pendrive (lets say /dev/disk2)
8. type in the terminal
diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2
9. type in the terminal
sudo dd if=mylinux.img of=/dev/rdisk2 bs=1m
10. type in the terminal
diskutil eject /dev/disk2
You are done. Take the pendrive from your Mac computer. And the pendrive in you hand contained bootable Linux distribution.
==========================================
On your Linux
------------------------
1. Hope you are using Ubuntu
2. insert a pendrive
2. type
sudo fdisk -l
3. see the pendrive as (example) /dev/sdb1
4.type
sudo dd if=mylinux.iso of=/dev/sdb1