Polish Personal Names


The aim of the current page is to provide information about the structure of Polish personal names and discuss some of the cataloging issues involved.

1. Structure of Polish forenames

Polish forenames consist of one or two elements (the second element, “drugie imię,” may be considered a middle name):

Examples of male forenames: Andrzej, Marek, Jan Krzysztof, Henryk Ryszard

Note: Some Polish male forenames use the female forename “Maria” as a second element; e.g., Jan Maria, Józef Maria

Examples of female forenames: Agata, Helena, Anna Maria, Franciszka Urszula

Note: Polish forenames consisting of more than two elements are rare, e.g., Maria Wisława Anna. They were more common historically, e.g., Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius

2. Structure of Polish surnames

Male surnames take the form of nouns (e.g., Zaremba, Opałko, Rawicz, Nowak) or adjectives with the masculine ending –ski, -cki, -dzki, -y (e.g., Kowalski, Nowacki, Sieradzki, Dymny)

Female surnames take the same form of nouns as male surnames (e.g., Zaremba, Opałko, Rawicz, Nowak) or adjectives with feminine ending –ska, -cka, -dzka, -a (e.g., Kowalska, Nowacka, Sieradzka, Dymna)

Note: Polish women living outside of Poland or those with an international background living in Poland may opt to use the masculine form of their surname instead of the feminine one (e.g., Violetta Ozminkowski, Dorota Czakon-Tralski, both of whom live in Poland)

Rarely used or obsolete forms of female surnames refer to names of married women with a special ending added to the husband’s surname (e.g., Rawiczowa, Zarembina, Orzeszkowa are based on male surnames Rawicz, Zaremba, Orzeszko) or unmarried women with the special ending added to their father’s surname (e.g., Rawiczówna, Zarembianka, Orzeszkówna). These forms were commonly used before the 1950s. Currently, both types are rarely used, mostly in the artistic world or in colloquial language, regardless of the marital status (e.g., Elżbieta Zającówna and Agnieszka Krukówna are actresses).

Surnames in the plural denote more than one person and may take masculine or feminine endings. For example, Kowalscy, Centkiewiczowie, Golcowie, Nowaccy, Sieradzcy, Nowakowie, Dymni, Matejkowie, Malcowie (masculine plural or mixed gender; e.g., two brothers, a husband and wife pair) or Kowalskie, Sieradzkie, Nowackie, Dymne (feminine plural; e.g., two sisters).

Compound surnames are more common in female names (e.g., Ewa Szelburg-Zarembina, Teresa Budzisz-Krzyżanowska, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska) and less common in male names (e.g., Witold Jodko-Narkiewicz, Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski, Michał Siwiec-Cielebon). The first element in a compound surname may denote a women’s maiden name, mother’s name, family name (e.g. nobility), nickname, etc.

3. Plural forms of names and name authority file

Surnames in the plural may occasionally occur in the names of writing teams made up of married couples or siblings.

Example (in MARC format):

ALINA I CZESŁAW CENTKIEWICZOWIE

ODARPI

SYN EGIGWY

WYDANIE TRZECIE

1953

SPÓŁDZIELNIA WYDAWNICZA “CZYTELNIK”

In this case, the title page presents a husband and wife pair, “Alina i Czesław Centkiewiczowie” (i.e. “Alina Centkiewicz and Czesław Centkiewicz”; mixed [masculine and feminine] form), who are the authors of the book. This is a grammatical form that denotes two individual authors working in collaboration and it will be exactly transcribed in the statement of responsibility (see RDA 19.2.1.1 and 19.2.1.3 for examples of “two agents responsible for the creation of the work performing the same role”). The authorized forms, used as access points, will be as follows: Centkiewicz, Alina and Centkiewicz, Czesław. Alina Centkiewicz appears as the first author on the title page and her name will be given in the 100 field of a MARC record. Her husband’s name will be given in the MARC 700 field:

100 1 Centkiewicz, Alina, ǂe author.

245 10 Odarpi syn Egigwy /ǂc Alina i Czesław Centkiewiczowie.

700 1 Centkiewicz, Czesław, ǂe author.

4. Genitive cases of personal names in statements of responsibility

Typically, the personal names on title pages are presented in the nominative case. There are, however, instances where the names of individual editors or a group of editors are presented in the genitive case, typically with a preceding prepositional phrase: e.g., “pod redakcją Jana Kowalskiego” (i.e., “edited by Jan Kowalski”; masculine singular form). These names should be entered in the nominative case in the MARC 700 field as:

700 1 Kowalski, Jan, ǂe editor.

“pod redakcją Aliny Kowalskiej” (i.e., “edited by Alina Kowalska”; feminine singular form):

700 1 Kowalska, Alina, ǂe editor.

“pod redakcją Jacka i Jana Kowalskich” (i.e., “edited by Jacek Kowalski and Jan Kowalski”; masculine plural form):

700 1 Kowalski, Jacek, ǂe editor.

700 1 Kowalski, Jan, ǂe editor.

“pod redakcją Aliny i Anny Kowalskich” (i.e., “edited by Alina Kowalska and Anna Kowalska”; feminine plural form):

700 1 Kowalska, Alina, ǂe editor.

700 1 Kowalska, Anna, ǂe editor.

“pod redakcją Aliny i Jana Kowalskich” (i.e., “edited by Alina Kowalska and Jan Kowalski”; mixed [masculine and feminine] form):

700 1 Kowalska, Alina, ǂe editor.

700 1 Kowalski, Jacek, ǂe editor.


Table for a few typical surnames in nominative and genitive forms (singular, plural, and mixed numbers):