ISO639-3 Language Codes with Examples

These Guidelines for application of ISO639-3 codes to Slavic, East European, and Central European languages, with examples are organized as follows.

The Introduction indicates the main resources for use of ISO 639-3 codes, presents the recommended steps for determining when to add ISO 639-3 language codes, and discusses the cases where it is generally recommended to add the ISO 639-3 codes to bibliographic records, and when the addition is optional.

The recommendations for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian languages are then provided for each individual language. The order is alphabetical based on the name of the language. For each language, the entry follows the format of PCC Guidelines, presenting the language codes in MARC and ISO 639-3, the recommendation to add or not to add the ISO 639-3 language code, examples of bibliographic records with ISO 639-3 language codes, and discussion.

Caveat: This document does not touch on all the ways ISO 639-3 codes can be used in the fixed language field and the 041 field. Please refer to the OCLC Bibliographic Formats and Standards for the appropriate coding for various situations. More information about 041 coding can also be found in the Guidelines for the Use of ISO 639-3 Language Codes in MARC Records

Introduction

As explained in PCC Guidelines for the use of ISO 639-3 language codes in MARC records,“ISO 639-3 is a comprehensive list of nearly 8,000 three-letter codes for individual languages that expands on ISO 639-2. ISO 639-2 includes the same languages as the MARC language codes.” Because for many Slavic, East European, and Eurasian languages, there are no specific MARC language codes, the use of the new ISO 639-3 codes allows “more accurate and granular language information” for them. These guidelines are provided to encourage catalogers to apply the ISO 639-3 language codes in bibliographic description, and are to be used in conjunction with two master documents: PCC Guidelines for the use of ISO 639-3 language codes in MARC records and ISO 639-3 List of language codes. Please refer to these sources for the most up-to-date information.

Please note that there can be no single recommendation on whether to add an ISO 639-3 code to a bibliographic record based simply on the existence of an ISO 639-3 code for a language. The cataloger needs to consider the following steps: First, determine what language(s) are associated with the resource. Second, determine both the MARC code(s) and the ISO 639-3 code(s) for the language(s) associated with the resource. Next, the cataloger needs to determine whether there is new information added by ISO 639-3, in comparison to MARC language codes. New information is defined as not simply a new set of characters in ISO 639-3, but new information about the identity of a language with an individual language code under ISO 639-3 (often in contrast to only collective codes in MARC). Therefore, if the set of characters is the only change, it does not provide new information for the language, e.g., the Czech language ISO 639-3 ces vs. the MARC cze. If no new information about the identity of the language associated with the resource is provided, ISO 639-3 and MARC language codes are considered equivalent, and the PCC recommendation is that the addition is optional. When ISO 639-3 and MARC language codes are equivalent, the ISO 639-3 can be generated programmatically, without cataloger input.

Examples 0.1.1 and 0.1.2 below illustrate the case when ISO 639-3 and MARC language codes are equivalent, and adding ISO 639-3 is therefore optional (See PCC Examples 3.1 and 3.2). Many Slavic and Eastern European languages have equivalent ISO 639-3 and MARC codes; their summary list is presented in these Guidelines below.

Example 0.1.1. A single language associated with the resource has a different code in ISO 639-3 vs. MARC, but no new information is added by the ISO 639-3 code. (See the Czech language below for detail.)

008/35-37 (Lang): cze

041 07 ces $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 O demokracii, novinách a českých poměrech / $c Karel Čapek ; výbor z publicistických prací uspořádal Ivan Klíma.

Example 0.1.2. More than one language associated with the resource, some have a different code in ISO 639-3 vs. MARC, but no new information is added by the ISO 639-3 code(s). (See the Czech language below for detail)

008/35-37 (Lang): cze

041 0 cze $b ger

041 07 ces $b deu $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Kultura se šňuêrovou keramikou ve střední Evropě. $n 1. $p Skupiny mezi Harcem a Bílymi Karpaty / $c Miroslav Buchvaldek.

546 ## In Czech; summary in German.

When the ISO 639-3 language code provides new information about the identity of a language which could not be provided by the MARC code, the PCC Guidelines strongly encourage adding the ISO 639-3 language code to the record.

Generally, the cases when ISO 639-3 provides new information in comparison with MARC codes can be summarized as follows, and illustrated by Examples 0.2.1-0.2.3 below.

First, ISO 639-3 can provide new information for languages grouped in MARC under collective codes, e.g., ISO 639-3 rue for Carpatho-Rusyn, vs. the collective code sla in MARC, as illustrated in Example 0.2.1 below (See the detailed discussion of this example under the Rusyn language below).

0.2.1. ISO 639-3 provides new information for the Carpatho-Rusyn language associated with the resource; PCC recommendation is to add the ISO 639-3 code

008/35-37 (Lang): sla

041 07 rue $2 iso639-3

245 10 Suchasnŷĭ rusynʹskŷĭ spysovnŷĭ i︠a︡zŷk : ǂb vŷsokoshkolʹskŷ uchebnŷ tekstŷ / ǂc Vasilʹ I︠A︡bur, Anna Plïshkova.

546 In Carpatho-Rusyn.

Second, new information can be provided by ISO 639-3 codes for dialects, e.g., ISO 639-3 kjv for the Kajkavian dialect of Croatian vs. the MARC hrv for Croatian and all its dialects, as illustrated in Example 0.2.2 below. (See the detailed discussion of this example under Croatian and Kajkavian below).

0.2.2. ISO 639-3 provides new information for the Kajkavian dialect of the Croatian language associated with the resource; PCC recommendation is to add the ISO 639-3 code

008/35-37 (Lang): hrv

041 07 $a kjv $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Petrica Kerempuh / $c Slavko Mihalić ; ilustrirao Ninoslav Kunc.

546 ## $a In Kajkavian Croatian.

Third, new information can be provided by ISO 639-3 codes for historical languages, e.g., ISO 639-3 orv for Old Russian, vs. the MARC rus for both Russian and Old Russian, as illustrated in Example 0.2.3 below. See the detailed discussion of this example under the Russian and Old Russian languages below.

0.2.3. ISO 639-3 provides new information for the Old Russian language associated with the resource; PCC recommendation is to add the ISO 639-3 code

008/35-37 (Lang): rus

041 1# $a pol $a rus $h rus

041 17 $a pol $a rus $a orv $h orv $2 iso639-3

245 00 $a Słowo o pułku Igorowym / $c przekład i opracowanie Jana Dalibora Wagilewicza ; do druku przygotował i artykułem wstępnym poprzedił Oleg Kupczyński.

546 ## $a Polish and Russian translation with Old Russian original.

For Example 0.2.3 above, one should also note that ISO 639-3 adds the new information only for some languages associated with the resource, i.e., for Old Russian, but not for Polish and Russian. In such cases, when ISO 639-3 provides new information only for some language(s) associated with the resource, the PCC recommendation is to add the ISO 639-3 codes for all languages (See PCC Examples 2.1, 2.2, 2.3). Therefore, Example 0.2.3 shows ISO 639-3 for Polish and Russian as well as for Old Russian. In practice, these cases might present particular challenges, therefore, more examples are presented below as Examples 0.3.1-0.3.4 and discussed.

Example 0.3.1

More than one language associated with the resource, and new information is added by the ISO 639-3 code for one language, Latgalian ((for details, see Latgalian). Recommendation: add the ISO 639-3 codes for all languages, even though for Latvian, ISO 639-3 adds no new information.

008/35-37 (Lang): lav

041 07 $a lav $a ltg $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Latgaliešu latviešu vārdnīca : $b Vīna cylvāka specvuorduojs : ap 4000 vārdu / $c Valentīns Lukaševičs.

546 ## In Latvian and Latgalian.

Example 0.3.2. More than one language associated with the resource, and new information is added by the ISO 639-3 codes for two languages: Tosk Albanian and Gheg Albanian (for details, see Albanian)

Recommendation: add the ISO 639-3 codes for all languages, including English, even though for English, ISO 639-3 adds no new information.

008/35-37 (Lang): alb

041 1# ǂa alb ǂb eng

041 07 ǂa als ǂb aln ǂb eng ǂ2 iso639-3

245 00 ǂa E folmja shqipe e Karadakut të Shkupit / ǂc Asllan Hamiti.

546 ## ǂa Text in Tosk Albanian with samples in Gheg dialect; summary in English.

Example 0.3.3

More than one language is associated with the resource, and new information is added by the ISO 639-3 codes for one language, Vlax Romani (for details, see Romani). Recommendation: add the ISO 639-3 codes for all languages, even though for Hungarian, ISO 639-3 adds no new information.

008/35-37 (Lang): hun

041 0# $a hun $a rom

041 07 $a hun $a rmy $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Cigány-magyar, magyar-cigány kéziszótár = $b Romane-ungrike, ungrike-romane vasteske alava / $c Papp János.

546 In Hungarian and Vlax Romani.

Example 0.3.4.

More than one language is associated with the resource, and new information is added by the ISO 639-3 codes for one language, Balkan Romani (for details, see Romani). Recommendation: add the ISO 639-3 codes for all languages, even though for Macedonian, ISO 639-3 adds no new information.

008/35-37 (Lang): mac

041 0# $a mac $a rom

041 07 $a mkd $a rmn $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Romani gramatika = $b Romska gramatika / $c Krume Kepeski, Šaip Jusuf.

546 ## $a Parallel text in Macedonian and Balkan Romani.

SLAVIC, CENTRAL, AND EAST EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

For many European languages, ISO 639-3 and MARC language codes (hereafter MLC) are equivalent (as discussed above), and ISO 639-3 provides no new information. For other languages, ISO 639-3 is expanded, and new information is provided for some languages previously covered by the same code.

Languages with equivalent and identical MLC and ISO 639-3 language codes:

Belarusian (bel)

Bosnian (bos)
Bulgarian (bul)
Church Slavic (chu)

Standard Modern Croatian (hrv)

Kashubian (csb)

Montenegrin (cnr)
Polish (pol)
Russian (rus)

Serbian (srp)

Sorbian, Lower (dsb)

Sorbian, Upper (hsb)
Slovenian (slv)

Ukrainian (ukr)

Languages with equivalent but different strings of codes from MLC to ISO 639-3:

Albanian (alb > sqi*)
Czech (cze > ces)
Estonian, Standard (est > ekk)

Macedonian (mac > mkd)

Romanian (rum > ron)
Slovak (slo > svk)

ISO 639-3 Expansion from original MLC:

Albanian (alb) >> sqi*, als, aln, aae, aat
Croatian (hrv) >> hrv, ckm, kjv
Estonian (est) >> est*, ekk, vro
Hungarian (hun) >> hun, ohu
Latvian (lav) >> lav*, lvs, ltg
Lithuanian (lit) >> lit, olt)

Romani (rom) >> rom*, rmc, rme, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmu, rmw, rmy

Romanian (rum) >> ron, ruo, ruq
Russian (rus) >> rus, orv

* Indicates the code is for a macrolanguage. Macrolanguages are "clusters of closely-related language varieties": for example est* is the macrolanguage code for “Estonian”, when the cataloger cannot identify the language as Standard Estonian (ekk) or Võro Estonian (vro). Catalogers are instructed to use the code for a specific language (for example, ekk for Standard Estonian), and only use the code for macrolanguage if they are not able to identify the appropriate specific language.

Finally, and importantly, note that in MARC21 the collective code sla for Slavic (Other) is assigned to some Slavic languages lacking a specific language code. As ISO639-3 provides specific language codes for these individual languages, it is highly recommended the catalogers assign ISO639-3 language codes to materials in languages coded in MLC as only sla for Slavic (Other). A list of these languages is provided as follows:

Original MLC Code ISO 639-3 code

Slavic (Other) sla >> Chakavian (Čakavian) (ckm)

Carpatho-Rusyn (rue)

Vojvodinian Rusyn (Rusnak) (rsk)

Polabian (pox)

Russian, Old (to 1300) (orv)

Albanian

The MARC language code for Albanian (alb) does not distinguish between the Tosk standard, Gheg, and other dialects. ISO 639-3 distinguishes Tosk (als) from Gheg (aln). In addition, ISO 639-3 provides codes for Arbëresh (aae) and Arvanitika (aat), as well as sqi for Albanian as a macrolanguage.

008/35-37 (Lang): alb

041 1# $a alb $b eng

041 07 $a als $b aln $b eng $2 iso639-3

245 00 $a E folmja shqipe e Karadakut të Shkupit / $c Asllan Hamiti.

546 ## $a Text in Tosk Albanian with samples in Gheg dialect; summary in English.

Belarusian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both (bel).

If the ISO 639-3 and MLCs for languages related to a resource are equivalent in meaning, it is not necessary to add the ISO 639-3 code(s) as it does not add any new information to the record, and can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.)

008/35-37 (Lang): bel

041 07 $a bel $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 $a Hramatyka belaruskae movy : $b fonėtyka / $c I︠A︡zėp Li︠o︡sik.

008/35-37 (Lang): bel

041 0 $a bel $a eng

041 07 $a bel $a eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Kastsi︠o︡ly Belarusi : $b Minska-Mahili︠o︡ŭskai︠a︡ arkhidyi︠a︡tsėzii︠a︡ = Catholic churches of Belarus : the Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev / $c S.T. I︠A︡ncharski.

546 In Belarusian and English.

Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian/Montenegrin <see each language individually>

Bosnian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both use the code bos for Bosnian.

If the ISO 639-3 and MARC language codes for languages related to a resource are equivalent in meaning, it is not necessary to add the ISO 639-3 code(s) as it does not add any new information to the record, and can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.)

008/35-37 (Lang): bos

041 07 $a bos $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Bosanski jezik : $b statusna pitanja bosanskog jezika kroz historiju i historija nauke o bosanskom jeziku / $c Jasmin Hodžić.

008/35-37 (Lang): bos

041 0 $a bos $a tur $b bos $b eng

041 07 $a bos $a tur $b bos $b eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Kontrastivna metoda u opisu bosanskog i turskog jezika u Bosni u 19. stoljeću : $b bilingvalna gramatika bosanski turski učitelj Ibrahima Edhema Berbića / $c Adnan Kadrić.

546 Bosnian, with some text in Turkish; summaries in Bosnian and English.

Note: Please be aware that Bosnian, although written predominately in Latin script, can also be written in Cyrillic script (its earlier version also known as Bosančica). In such cases determining whether the language is best identified as Bosnian or Serbian can be somewhat subjective but can often be determined based on the topic of the work or the authors’ self-identified ethnic affiliation. In case of doubt, it seems reasonable to include either bos or srp in the Lang fixed field and both in the 041, e.g.: 041 1# $a bos $a srp

Čakavian Croatian

ISO 639-3 provides a distinct code for the Čakavian literary language or dialect as ckm. The MLC for Croatian (hrv) does not distinguish between modern standard Croatian and Čakavian, for both of which hrv must be used. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 codes in this situation as it adds new information about the Čakavian language.

008/35-37 (Lang): hrv

041 07 $a ckm $2 iso639-3

245 00 $a Čakavska rič.

546 ## $a In Čakavian.

Carpatho-Rusyn and Vojvodinian Rusyn

ISO 639-3 provides distinct codes for both Carpatho-Rusyn (rue) and the Vojvodinian Rusyn (rsk),the latter spoken in the Pannonia region (also called Rusnak, Rusyn, Ruthenian). In the MARC code set the collective code for Slavic (Other) must be used for these languages. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 codes in this situation as it adds new information about the Carpatho-Rusyn and the Vojvodinian Rusyn languages.

008/35-37 (Lang): sla

041 17 $a rue $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Dzvony karpatsʹkoho krai︠u︡ : ǂb stykhŷ / ǂc Anastasii︠a︡ Dalida.

546 ## $a In Carpatho-Rusyn.

8/35-37 (Lang): sla

041 07 $a rsk $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Poezyi︠a︡ na bachvansko-srymskym ruskym lyteraturnym i︠a︡zyku / ǂc Havryïl Kostelʹnyk ; redaktor Di︠u︡ra Papharhaï.

546 ## $a In Carpatho-Rusyn (Vojvodinian).

041 1# sla ǂa srp ǂb eng ǂh sla

041 17 ǂa rue ǂa rsk ǂa srp ǂb eng ǂh rue ǂh rsk ǂ2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Etnolingvistichna vitalnost︠s︡ ruskoho i︠a︡zika u Serbiï : ǂb Master Robota, filologiĭny fakultet--Unyverzytet u Beogradze / ǂc Bili︠a︡na Draz︠h︡ovich ; mentor: prof. Dr. I︠E︡lena Filipovich.

546 ## $a Rusyn and Serbian (Latin) translation; summary in English.

Croatian <see also Kajkavian and Čakavian>

The MLC and ISO 639-3 codes for standard modern Croatian (hrv) remain the same.

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both use the code hrv for standard modern Croatian.

008/35-37 (Lang): hrv

041 07 $a hrv $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Hrvatska zemlja i ljudi / $c urednici Mladen Klemenčić, Ankica Šunjić, Zvonimir Frka-Petešić.

008/35-37 (Lang): hrv

041 0 $a hrv $a eng $a dut $a fre

041 07 $a hrv $a eng $a nld $a fra $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Hrvatska gospodarska komora = $b Croatian Chamber of Economy : Zagreb - Brussels / $c urednik Luka Mjeda ; fotografija Luka Mjeda.

The MLC for Croatian (hrv) does not distinguish between modern standard Croatian and the Čakavian literary language or dialect. ISO 639-3 provides hrv for standard Croatian and ckm for Čakavian. <See also Kajkavian and Čakavian >

Czech

The MLC for the Czech language is cze, while ISO 639-3 uses the code ces. These codes are equivalent in meaning, though different as strings.

008/35-37 (Lang): cze

041 07 ces $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 O demokracii, novinách a českých poměrech : $b výbor z publicistických prací uspořádal Ivan Klíma / $c Karel Čapek.

008/35-37 (Lang): cze

041 0 cze $b ger

041 07 ces $b deu $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Kultura se šňuêrovou keramikou ve střední Evropě. $n 1. $p Skupiny mezi Harcem a Bílymi Karpaty / $c Miroslav Buchvaldek.

546 ## In Czech; summary in German.

Estonian

The MLC for standard modern Estonian is est. The ISO 639-3 code is ekk. These codes are equivalent in meaning, though different as strings.

In addition, ISO 639-3 preserves the code est* for Estonian as a macrolanguage (see above), which presumably is appropriate for variants such as Seto (no distinct code).

008/35-37 (Lang): est

041 07 ekk $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Tallinna Juudi Gumnaasium 1923-1940 (1941) : ǂb ajalugu, malestused, meenutused / ǂc Eugenia Gurin-Loov.

008/35-37 (Lang): est

041 1# est ǂh ger

041 07 ekk ǂh deu$2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

240 10 Geschichte der Domschule zu Reval 1319-1939. ǂl Estonian

245 10 Tallinna Toomkooli ajalugu 1319-1939 / ǂc Erik Thomson.

546 ## In Estonian; translated from German.

Gheg <see Albanian>

Hungarian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both (hun).
In addition, ISO 639-3 provides the code ohu for Old Hungarian. See <Hungarian, Old>.

008/35-37 (Lang): hun

041 07 hun $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Radio Budapest Hungary : ǂb a külföldi adások története, 1945-1981 / ǂc Falus György ; közreadja a Magyar Rádió.

008/35-37 (Lang): hun

041 0# hun ǂa eng ǂb eng

041 07 hun ǂa eng ǂb eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 13 "A Babatündérhez" : ǂb a Budapesti játékkereskedelem története : időszaki kiállítás, 2009. november 20-2010. június 7 = 'To the little fairy' : the toy-trade history in Budapest : temporary exhibition / ǂc Tészabó Júlia, Török Róbert, Demjén Bence.

546 ## Captions in Hungarian and English; summary in English.

Hungarian, Old

ISO 639-3 provides a distinct code for Old Hungarian, while in the MARC code set the code hun must be used for both Hungarian and Old Hungarian. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 codes in this situation as it adds new information about the Old Hungarian language.

008/35-37 (Lang): eng

041 0# $a eng $b sla $b hun

041 07 $a eng $b sla $b ohu $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Common Slavic's Pannonian dialect as viewed through Old Hungarian / $c by Ronald Owen Richards.

546 ## English, Old Hungarian, Proto-Slavic.

Note: Proto-Slavic, as an unattested language, does not have a corresponding ISO 639-3 code, therefore the collective code sla (Slavic, Other) is the closest available.

Ingrian

ISO 639-3 provides a distinct code for the Ingrian language as izh, while in the MARC code set the collective code fiu for Finno-Ugric (Other) must be used. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 code in this situation as it adds new information about the Ingrian language.

008/35-37 (Lang): fiu

041 1# fiu $a est $b rus $h fiu

041 17 izh $a ekk $b rus $h izh $2 iso639-3

245 10 Isuri murdetekste / $c Arvo Laanest.

246 10 Izhorskie dialektnye teksty

546 ## In Ingrian, written in phonetic alphabet, with Estonian translation; summary in Russian.

Kajkavian Croatian

ISO 639-3 provides a distinct code for the Kajkavian literary language or dialect as kjv, while in the MARC code set the code hrv for modern standard Croatian must be used. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 code in this situation as it adds new information about Kajkavian.

008/35-37 (Lang): hrv

041 07 $a kjv $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Petrica Kerempuh / $c Slavko Mihalić ; ilustrirao Ninoslav Kunc.

546 ## $a In Kajkavian Croatian.

Kashubian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both (csb).

041 0# pol ǂa csb ǂa eng

041 07 pol ǂa csb ǂa eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Słownik kaszubsko-angielsko-polski = ǂb Kaszëbskò-anielskò-pòlsczi słowôrz = Kashubian-English-Polish dictionary / ǂc Marian Jeliński, David Shulist.

546 ## Polish, Kashubian, and English.

Latgalian (also called East Latvian, High Latvian) <see also Latvian>

ISO 639-3 provides distinct code for Latgalian (lvg), a protected East Baltic minority language also spoken in Latvia, while MARC uses the code lav for both Latvian and Latgalian. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 codes in this situation.

008/35-37 (Lang): lav

041 07 $a lav $a ltg $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Latgaliešu latviešu vārdnīca : $b Vīna cylvāka specvuorduojs : ap 4000 vārdu / $c Valentīns Lukaševičs.

546 ## In Latvian and Latgalian.

Latvian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both (lav).

008/35-37 (Lang): lav

041 0# rus $a eng $a est $a lav $a lit

041 07 rus $a eng $a est $a lav $a lit $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Russko-latyshsko-litovsko-ėstonsko-angliĭskiĭ slovarʹ = $b Latviešu-lietuviešu-igaun̦u-angl̦u-krievu vārdnīca = English-Russian-Latvian-Lithuanian-Estonian dictionary / $c sostaviteli D. Avotynʹ, B. Petere ; redaktor I. Sakse.

546 ## In Latvian, English, Russian, Lithuanian, and Estonian.

Lithuanian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both (lit).

In addition, ISO 639-3 provides the code olt for Old Lithuanian. <See also Lithuanian, Old>.

008/35-37 (Lang): lit

041 1# $a lit $h eng

041 07 $a lit $h eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

240 10 $a Oryx and Crake. $l Lithuanian

245 10 $a Oriksė ir Griežlys / $c Margaret Atwood ; iš anglų kalbos verté Valdas V. Petrauskas.

Lithuanian, Old.

ISO 639-3 provides the code olt for Old Lithuanian.

[Currently no OCLC examples]

Macedonian

The MLC for Macedonian is mac. The ISO 639-3 code is mkd. These codes are equivalent in meaning, though different as strings.

008/35-37 (Lang): mac

041 07 $a mkd $2 iso 639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Figurativniot govor i makedonskata poezija / ǂc Katica Ḱulavkova.

008/35-37 (Lang): mac

041 0# mac ǂa eng

041 07 $a mkd ǂa eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Makedonska dijaspora : ǂb Kluč za razvojot na Republika Makedonija / ǂc Zlatko Nikoloski = The Macedonian diaspora : key to the development of the Republic of Macedonia / Zlatko Nikoloski.

546 ## In Macedonian and English; titles are bound back to back and inverted, each with its own title page.

Montenegrin

MLC and ISO 639-3 both use the code cnr for Montenegrin. These codes are identical and equivalent in meaning.

However, be aware that it is very easy for those familiar with the language to be tempted to accidentally input “crn” (i.e. “Crnogorski”), rather than the correct cnr. There will be situations where writers, writing in Montenegro, identify their language as Serbian and self-identify as Serbs. In such cases, it seems best to respect the writers’ wishes and code as srp. If one of the few features, such as the letter ś, are present, feel free to include cnr in the 041 field, e.g. 041 1# $a cnr $a srp

008/35-37 (Lang): cnr

041 0# cnr $a eng

041 07 cnr $a eng$2 iso639-3 3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 00 $a Sjećanje = $b Memory / $c Željko Reljić ; uvodni tekst Petrica Duletić ; prevod Marija Jojić.

546 ## $a Montenegrin and English.

Polabian

ISO 639-3 provides distinct code pox for the extinct language Polabian, while in the MARC code set the collective code sla for Slavic (Other) must be used. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 codes in this situation, as it adds new information about the Polabian language.

008/35-37 (Lang): sla

041 0# $a sla $a ger

041 07 $a pox $a deu$2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Thesaurus lingua dravaenopolabicae / $c von Reinhold Olesh.

546 ## $a In German and Polabian.

Romani

The MLC and ISO 639-3 code for all forms of Romani collectively is rom. The ISO 639-3 set additionally has an extensive expansion of codes for the various Romani dialects. As it may be very difficult for a cataloger to distinguish the dialect affiliation of any particular Romani text, the code rom may have to suffice in many cases. When the nature of the dialect or dialects can be determined, please consider using these examples ISO 639-3 codes: Angloromani (rme), Balkan Romani (rmn), Baltic Romani (rml), Carpathian Romani (rmc), Kalo (rmf), Sinte (rmo), Tavringer Romani (rmu), Welsh Romani (rmw), and Vlax Romani (rmy).

008/35-37 (Lang): mul

041 0# $a rom $a eng $a fre $a ger $a gre $a hrv $a hun $a rum $a slo $a spa $a ukr

041 07 $a rmy $a rmn $a rmo $a rmc $a eng $a fra $a deu $a ell $a hrv $a hun $a ron $a slk $a spa $a ukr $2 iso639-3

245 ## $a Morri angluni rromane ćhibăqi evroputni lavustik = $b Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög / $c főszerkesztő Marcel Courthiade, szerkesztő Rézműves Melinda ; [angol Lucia Presber, Geoff Husić].

546 ## $a Romani headwords are represented in a proposed standard form based on European Romani dialects. Romani entries following English headwords may include forms from a variety of dialects, such as Vlax Romani, Balkan Romani, Carpathian Romani, and Sinte.

Romanian

The ISO 639-3 code for Romanian is ron. The MLC for Romanian is rum. These codes are equivalent in meaning, though different as strings.

There are also separate ISO 639-3 codes for Istro-Romanian (ruo) and Megleno-Romanian (ruq). The ISO 639-3 code for Aromanian/Arumanian/Macedo-Romania (rup) is identical to the MARC code.

Note: For the Romanian language, care should be given to not inadvertently use the code rom, which is in fact the MLC for Romani. Please consider updating OCLC records to rum if a record for Romanian is incorrectly coded rom. ISO 639-3 now uses ron for common Romanian, i.e. Romanian, Moldovan (aka Moldavian).

008/35-37 (Lang): rum

041 07 $a ron $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Istoria artei românești / ǂc Vasile Florea.

Russian

The ISO 639-3 and MARC language codes for Russian are identical and equivalent: both are [rus]. It is not necessary to add ISO 639-3 as it does not add any new information to the record, and

can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.)

008/35-37 (Lang): rus

041 07 $a rus $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Russkoe Zarubezhʹe : ǂb bibliograficheskiĭ spravochnik / ǂc M. V. Novak.

Russian, Old

ISO 639-3 provides distinct code orv for Old Russian (roughly 5th-16th centuries and sometimes also called Old East Slavic), while in the MARC code set the code for Russian [rus] must be used. It is strongly recommended to add ISO 639-3 codes in this situation as it adds new information about the language.

008/35-37 (Lang): rus

041 07 rus $a orv $2 iso639-3

245 10 Polot︠s︡kiĭ kni︠a︡zʹ Boris Vseslavich / $c L. V. Levshun.

546 ## In Russian, with texts in Old Russian.

Rusyn, Carpatho-Rusyn <see Carpatho-Rusyn and Rusyn (Vojvodinian)>

Serbian

The MLC and ISO 639-3 both use the code srp for Serbian, regardless of script. These codes are identical and equivalent. It is not necessary to add ISO 639-3 as it does not add any new information to the record, and can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.)

Please always include a 546 language note indicating whether the script is Latin, Cyrillic, or both.

008/35-37 (Lang): srp

041 07 srp $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 00 $a Kosovo : $b naselja, poreklo stanovništva, običajin / $c priredio Borisav Čeliković.

546 ## $a Serbian (Latin and Cyrillic).

Slovak

The ISO 639-3 uses the code slk, while the MARC code for the Slovak language is slo. These codes are equivalent in meaning, though different as strings.

008/35-37 (Lang): slo

041 07 $a slk $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Politické Slovensko : $b encyklopedická príručka : aktéri, dokumenty, inštitúcie, politické strany, udalosti / $c Milan Šútovec ; predslov Rudolf Chmel.

008/35-37 (Lang): slo

041 0 $a slo $a eng $a ger

041 07 $a slk $a eng $a deu $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 00 Čarovné Slovensko = $b Magische Slowakei = Magic Slovakia / $c Kolektív autorov ; Spoluautori textov: Katarína Abeille [and 7 others].

546 ## In Slovak, English, and German.

Slovenian

ISO 639-3 and MARC codes for Slovenian are both slv. These codes are identical and equivalent. It is not necessary to add ISO 639-3 as it does not add any new information to the record, and can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.).

Please be aware that there are potentially thousands of OCLC records representing Slovenian works that are incorrectly coded as “slo” (Slovak). Please evaluate the codes carefully and correct these errors when encountered if authorized to update the master OCLC record, or report to OCLC if unable to update the record.

008/35-37 (Lang): slv

041 0# $a slv $slo

041 07 $a slv $a svk $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 $a Slovensko-slovaški slovar / ǂc Viktor Smolej.

546 ## In Slovenian and Slovak.

650 #0 $a Slovenian language $v Dictionaries $x Slovak.

Sorbian (Upper), Sorbian (Lower) – see also Sorbian languages

The Upper and Lower Sorbian languages present a particular complication, as discussed below for Sorbian languages. Technically, ISO 639-3 and MARC codes for Upper Sorbian are both hsb, and for Lower Sorbian dsb. These codes are identical and equivalent. It is not necessary to add ISO 639-3 as it does not add any new information to the record, and can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.). However, the catalogers are advised to check whether the Upper Sorbian or Lower Sorbian is correctly coded in 008, and make corrections if necessary, as presented below.

008/35-37 (Lang): hsb

041 07 hsb ǂ2 iso639-3[may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Krabat : ǂb roman / ǂc Jurij Brězan.

008/35-37 (Lang): dsb

041 07 dsb ǂ2 iso639-3[may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 K swětłu a słynću : ǂb basni / ǂc Mina Witkojc.

Sorbian languages.

MLC and ISO 639-3 both have codes for Upper Sorbian (hsb) and Lower Sorbian (dsb). However, many existing OCLC records are coded wen for Wendic (Other), currently labeled in the MARC language code list as Sorbian (Other), and these may represent works in either Upper or Lower Sorbian. These records may be updated manually in the future to reflect the more exact language code. If these records are encountered in cataloging, catalogers that have authorization to update OCLC records should consider providing the more specific language code when known. The MARC code wen is a collective code often used by catalogers if the exact Sorbian language cannot be determined. This collective code wen has no equivalent in ISO639-3 and should not be used.

008/35-37 (Lang): wen – needs updating

041 0# a hsb $a dsb $a ger

041 07 $a hsb $a dsb $a deu $2 iso639-3

245 10 $a Sorbische Dialekttexte.

546 ## In German, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian.

Tosk Albanian <see Albanian>

Ukrainian

No changes: MLC and ISO 639-3 both use the code ukr for Ukrainian. These codes are identical and equivalent. It is not necessary to add ISO 639-3 as it does not add any new information to the record, and can be generated programmatically (See Guidelines Example 3.1, 3.2.)

008/35-37 (Lang): ukr

041 07 $a ukr $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Ukraïnsʹka istorii︠a︡ : $b opovidanni︠a︡ z istoriï Ukraïny vid naĭdavnishykh do nashykh chasiv, z vstupnym slovom pro vsesvitni︠u︡ istorii︠u︡, z portretamy, kartamy ĭ mali︠u︡nkamy / $c Hryt︠s︡ʹko Kovalenko.

008/35-37 (Lang): ukr

041 0 $a ukr $b eng

041 07 $a ukr $b eng $2 iso639-3 [may be entered but adds no new information]

245 10 Ukraïnsʹka etnichna spilʹnota : $b etnohenez, istorii︠a︡, etnonimii︠a︡ / $c Vasylʹ Balushok.

546 ## Includes English summary

Submitted by Geoff Husić and Lana Soglasnova, February 5, 2025