They trace their origins to the Islamic Holy City of Mecca,located in present-day Saudi Arabia. Descendants of Zayd ibn Ali'are known as Zaidi. The Zaidi surname is derived from Zayd ibn Ali son of Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-'Abidin, who was the great grandson of the Prophet [Muhammad]]. Descendants of' Zayd ibn Ali who chose to move away from the Kufa. Most of the Zaidis of the Indian subcontinent are known as Zaidi Al Wasti, Zayd ibn Ali(Arabic: زيد بن علي‎‎,Zayd ibn Ali (Arabic: زيد بن علي‎‎, also spelled Zaid, Zayed; 695–740CE) was the grandson of Husayn ibn Ali, and great-grandson of Ali ibn Abitalib. Zaydwas born in Medina in 695CE, He was the son of Zayn al-Abidin.

Zayd ibn Ali was martyred in Kufa, Iraq; many of his descendants either returned to al-Hijaz or remained in Iraq. Some of those who stayed in Iraq settled in Wasit, Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti son of Sayyid Daud Al Hussaini Al Wastimove from Wasit,Iraq.with his twelve sons at the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th century to Ghazni in Afghanistan, from Wasit by the Invitation of Mahmud Ghaznavi. They migrated to Indian subcontinent in 1006CE where he obtained four estates in Punjab. Over time, Abu'l Farah's descendants took over riyasat (township) in Muzaffarnagar.

Saadat-e-Bara(Urdu: ہسادات بار), sometimes pronounced Sadaat-e-Barha, are a community of Sayyid, originally from a group of twelve villages situated in the Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh in India[1]

Sadaat means descendant of Muhammad and Bara means twelve in Urdu. There are many interpretations of word bara and many spellings are current: Bara, Bahera, Barha (as spelled in Tuzk-i-Jahangiri (Persian: تزک جهانگیری‎‎) is the autobiography of Mughal Emperor Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Akbarnama and other Mughal Sources) and Bahira meaning "bright" in Arabic language. One explanation of the word is as mentioned above; another is that there are twelve villages in Muzaffarnagar District and their residents were called Sadaat Barha. This explanation is mentioned by the Emperor Jahangir in his autobiography Tuzk-e-Jahangiri or Tuzk-e-Jahangiri (Persian: تoزک جهانگیری ‎‎) is the autobiography of Mughal EmperorNur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir. Living outside of imperial camps and not indulging in hedonism of court life is another explanation of the term, as these families avoided the wrath of the noble families of Mughal Durbar, most popular belief about Barha epithet is that they live in twelve villages in Muzaffarnagar district in Uttar Pradesh. This community had considerable influence during the reign of the Mughal Empire. There are four sub-divisions of Barha Sadaat in Muzaffarnagararea:[1]

There are four sub-divisions of Barha Sadaat in Muzaffarnagar area:[2]

1. the Tihaanpuri, whose chief town was Jansath, belong to Syed Najm uddin

2. the Chatraudi, whose chief town was Sambhalhera, belong to syed abu'l Fazaail Al Wasti,

3. the Kundliwal, whose chief town was Mujhera, belong to Syed Daoud and

4. the Jajneri, whose chief town was Bidauli, belong to Syed Abu'l Faraaish

The origin of the Sadaat-e-Bara or Barha is traced to Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, son of Sayyid Daud AlHussaini, who came to Ghazni in Afghanistan, from Wasit, at the invitation of Mahmud Ghaznavi. He had twelve sons of whom four settled in four villages Kundliwal, Tihanpur, Jajner and Chhat-Banur, near the city of Patiala. These four sons founded a number of clans, the main ones being Chhatrodi, Kundliwal, Tihanpuri and Jajneri, from the villages assigned to them.

Sadaat e Saithal are the descendants of Sayyid Abu'l Fazaail Al Wasti Chatraudi, elder son of Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti. In 1186CE when Ghauri defeated Khusrau Malik Syed jamaal uddin was the jagirdar of chatbanoor Ghauri claimed him in their court and knowing him return his jagir to him. Syed Jamaal uddin's grand son Syed Meeran Hussain Khing Sawar was the qiledaar in Tara garh[3],Ajmer.

His great grand son Syed noor uddin laad( Syed laad) was the commander of a troop of 1000 soldiers in Humayun army. Syed laad came to Kathehar in 1555CE with their army to to conquer Kathehaari raja. His son Syed amaan ullaah was accompanied him. He won the battle and establish control, Humayun. give a jagir (property )of 484 villages as reward to Syed Laad. Syed laad handed over all the management to Sayyid Amaan ullaah and return Punjab. Amaan ullaah chose to stay in Abhaypur,Nawabganj,Bareilly District.

Abhaypur is a ancient village situated on the way from nawabganj to kyoladia through barkhan near a canal. by the time Abhaypur called Abhaypur mullapur by the name of amaan ullaah. Amaan ullaah manage their jagir and collecting revenue and sent it to shahanshah Akbar. He had two sons one from his first wife (Syed ), Syed Usmaan e Haidari and second son was Rustam with their second wife (nou muslim thakur ). Amaan ullaah was died in 1611CE.

After death of Amaan ullaah all the responsibility of jagir goes to his elder son Syed Usmaan e Haidari. his younger brother Rustam work with him. But Some people from his maternal side forced him against his brother Usmaan. some circumstances takes place greedy Rustam killed his brother Usmaan e Haidari returning from KOT at the place of Biyabaani Bareilly District. Usmaan e Haidari was buried there. Today Usmaan e Haidari's Mazaar famous as PEER BIYA BAANI in Bareilly District, thousands of devotee come to his mazaar for their wishes and muraad, At that time Usmaan's only son Syed Faiz ullaah was just 8 years old, Rustam takeover all the jagir and other property. He tried to kill Faiz ul laah also. Faiz ullaah and his mother escaped with the help of two faithful workers one was Raam singh (aheer yadev)and second was bakhtawar khan of deobawat. by the help of Sayyid brothers of Saadat-e-Bara, Faiz ullaah meet shah Jahan at Delhi,and stay there.

After ten years studying and developing in shahjahanabad Old Delhi. Syed Faiz ullaah return back and with the help of shahi army regain the jagir and all their property. Rustam was arrested,and ashamed. Faiz ul laah forgive Rustam and give him eleven villages for his livelihood as Khata, Jareeli, Garem, Barkhan,Satuiyya,Nowa nagla,Garem etc. After death Rustam buried in Barkhan,Nawabganj,Bareilly District . his descendants also live there.

After taking charge of their property Faiz ul laah prefer to stay in saithal. He develop a village in East of Saithal by his name called Faizullaahpur, and another village by his father's name Usmaanpur, although today Usmaanpur village are not seen in map, but in the revenue records Usmaanpur village is still register. He develop a village in north name is Dandia today which is called Dandia Faizullaahpur[4]

another village is develop by the name of syed faiz ullaah's elder son mohd faazil name as faazilpur and one village Sadrpurby the name of Sadr Jahaan son of Mohd faazil, far away is a village khaanpur by the name of khaan jahaan[5]

KHERA

Khera is a mount like structure which is used as graveyard of aulaad e Syed Faiz ullaah by last 350 years. This is a ancient site of civilisation which may be ruined by earthquake or other disaster. There is a mosque which is the first mosque of saithal build by Syed Amaan ullaah, At the highest place of that Khera grave of Syed faiz ullaah and his wife is situated and adjacent to this a large ground is present which is use for Eid prayers for aulaad e syed faiz ullaah. Geographically Khera is divided in three main parts, first is used for Mohd faazil's descendants,second for descendants of syed jaafar which is shared by chaudhari and laadpurwalaan and third and largest part of khara is for descendants of Syed Abd'ul waahidbecause they have large population of sadaat thus largest part use for it.

Sadaat e Saithal has maintain their family tree (shajra) from hundreds of years. Present available shajra is a collection of Syed Riyaaz Ali As written by Syed Baasit Ali son of Syed Naazir Ali copied from the book of Syed Riyaaz Ali ,Syed Riyaaz Ali copied it from the book off Syed Raahat Ali Peshnamaaz as per direction of Syed Mohammad Sahib mujtahid Lucknow.

• Fatimah s.a.-Ali ibn Abi Talib a.s. علي ابن أبي طالب

• Imam Husayn ibn Ali a.s.& Imam Hasan ibn Ali a.s.

• Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin a.s.

• Zayd ibn Ali Ahs Shaheed-kufa

• Isa ibn Zayd-Mawtamul Ishball, *Syed mohammad. *Syed Ali, *Syed Husain, *Syed Ali Iraaqi (shah Waasit), *Syed Hasan, *Syed Ali, *Syed Zaid Saani(2nd), *Syed Umar Nar, *Syed Zaid Saalis (3rd), *Syed Yahya, *Syed Husain,

• Syed Daud Al Hussaini Al Wasti

• Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti

• Syed Abu'l Fazaail- Chatraudi Sambhalhera,

• Syed Abu'l Fatah, *Syed Jamaaluddin, *Syed Ebraheem,

• Syed Meeran Hussain Khing Sawar (Qiledaar Tara Garh), *Syed Ahmed, *Syed Hasan (Tara Garh), *Syed Saifee (shafee), *Syed Yahya,

• Syed Salaar, *Syed Burhaan uddin,

• Syed Noor Uddin Laad (Syed Laad),

• Syed Amaan Ullaah Mulla Amaan ullaah),

• Syed Usmaan e Haidari,-Peer Biya Bani Bareilly District

• Syed Faiz ullaah,- Dada Faiz ullaah, Founder of Sadaat e Saithal.

from the Indian subcontinent" by Elise M. S. Belle, Saima Shah, Tudor Parfitt & Mark G. Thomas showed that "Sayyids from the Indian subcontinent have a greater affinity to Arab populations than to their geographic neighbours" but also that "the Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from India and Pakistanare no less diverse than those non-Syeds from the same regions." The authors of the study suggested that Sayyid status, rather than being strictly patrilineal, may have been passed through other routes.[6]

At beginning all the saithali religious believe is like Sunni It may be Taqiyya ((تقية taqiyeh, taqiya, taqiyah, tuqyah) by the fear of Aurangzeb or other, reason not clear, but most of the ancestor of sadaat in India always been Shia Ithna ashariyya In the period of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula (Hindi: आसफ़ उद दौला a boy name Syed Raahat Husain from Sadaat e Saithal came BareillyAnd meet governor Hasan Ali khan by knowing that, he is a Sayyid, he honour, and send him Lucknow for further education. In Lucknow Syed Raahat Husain study Islamic religion under guidance of Syed Mohammad Sahab mujtahid And after completion his studies, he return saithal with moulvi Aivaz Ali Rizvi whose from Sadat-e-Chholas Jaarcha, as a preacher of islam And urging people for Shia asna ashari aqeeda Twelver Imams believe. In beginning he faces lots of oppose but at last he succeed and all the saithali return to his original aqeeda(believe as asna ashariTwelve Imams, and in last 19th century all of the Sayyids return to his original believe as Shia Ithna ashariyya.

Sufism or Taṣawwuf[2] (Arabic: التصوف‎‎), which is often defined as "Islamic mysticism," There is spiritual culture and Sufism all around saithal. In East of saithal there is shah wilaayat In west shah syed bale shaheed In North Chiraagh Ali shah, Syed Nazim Ali shah, Syed Atta Ali shah And in south Syed faiz ul laah khuld aashiyaani itself. Urs of Chiraagh Ali shah been held since 1860CE. Adjacent to Chiraagh Ali shah is a mazaar of Nazim Ali shah who was a close relative of Chiragah Ali shah and come from nagaria sadaat Second mazaar of Syed Atta Ali shah who is the ancestor of laadpur sadaat And in North of this mazaar of Syed Khwaja Ahmed who is ancestor of pachhayaan And a small mosque is there which is build by Syed Is-haaqson of Sharaf Ali who is also ancestor of pachhayaan.

Historically the Syed of saithal were substantial landowners, often absentees, In the urban townships, Syed families served as priests, teachers and administrators, authorities given the community a preference in recruitment. Though they are less than 3% of Muslim population, they control a majority of economic resources.They also has a very high literacy rate.The independence and partition of India in 1947, was traumatic for the community, with many families becoming divided, with some members moved to Pakistan. This was followed by the abolishment of the zamindar system by the newly independent India in 1949 had a major impact on the Sadaat e Saithal community. The larger estates were broken, and land given to the tillers.This led to some emigration of the Sadaat to Pakistan, as well to major urban centres in India, such as Mumbai , Noidaand Delhi.

AZADAARI

Anjuman husainia,anjumanHaidari,anjuman asgharia,anjuman panjetani,anjuman sajjadia,anjuman zulfiqaar e haidari,are the famous anjuman of saithal.

Imaam bara kala,Imaam bara kazmain, kaala imaam bara,Imaam bara zulfiqaar Husain,Imam bara ghulshan ali, Imaam bara khurd,Imaam bara naya makaan,Imaam bara haidari,Imaam bara bukhaarpura, Imaam bara musammat nanhi,Imaam bara musammat ameer bano Banna Ka Imaam bara,Imaam bara ghari,Imaam bara shafe Ali,Imaam bara naaiyoo wala, Imaam bara chooriwalaan,Imaam bara Mohd husain ansari,Imaam bara Darzi chowk,

BAAZAAR

Syed Faiz ullaah was the only owner of his property He started a weekly Baazaar and Nakhaasa in their property which is north of saithal This baazaar is open Wednesday, Friday and Sunday in a week This bazaar is more then 300 years old. Management of baazaar by the registered management committee no 682 Waqf Bazaar & Nakhaasa Aulaad -e - Syed Faiz ullaah, This waqf is waqf Alal Aulaad Az Zakoor

The Property can neither be Sold,Hypothecated or Transferred by Will to other than the "Legal Heir", The Distribution will be in accordance with "shia Personal law" with following conditions.

1-Distribution will be among sons only.

2-If somebody does not have son Distribution shall be made among Daughters, but with certain limits. A-If she is married among aulaad e Syed Faiz ullaah. The property will be distributed to her Son/ Daughters as the case will be. B-If she married out side aulaad e Syed Faiz ullaah, She get the benefits from the property through out her life but will not inherit it,

3-Legal Heir ( male or female in accordance with condition 'A' or 'B' cited above ) of her father or mother from whom she has received the benefit,will inherit it.

4-Distribution will be among Shia Indian Citizen only.

5-la-walad widow will not inherit her husband's share but will get benefits throughout her life or up to she get re-married.The share will be distributed among male/ female heirs of her husband as the case be, in accordance with 1to 4 cited above.

(Besides above distribution,Provision for 10% of the income has been kept for light & maintenance of the Shia Jama Masjid and 1/6 of the ghalla received as tax kept for khidmatgaars of the Shia Jama Masjid and qabarustan Syed Faiz ullaah).

Villages where Sadaat e Saithal can be found

• Barkhann

• Satuiyya

• Garem

• Jareli

• Khaata

• Nowa nagla

• Saadat-e-Bara

• Sadaat-e-Bilgram

• Sayyid of Uttar Pradesh

• Sayyid

• Battle of Karbala

• Zayd ibn Ali

• Shia

• Nikah mut‘ah

• List of Shia books

• Syed Meeran Hussain Khing Sawar

• Pilibhit gazetteer VOL XVIII Page 167 H R Novel 1909

• Tareekh e Farishta by Abul Qasim farishta

• A Socio-Intellectual History of the Ithna ashari Shia in India by S A Rizvi

• Life of Hafiz Rahmat Khan (Page 282,285,289-291 ) -by Syed Altaf Ali Bareilvi 1932

• Gulistaan e rahmat (Farsi),

• Origion of Saiyed in India,

• People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three page 1247 Manohar Publications.

• The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Supplement : Parts 1-2, page 126, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Brill Archive, 1980

Notes

1. ^ Origion of Saiyed in India,

2. ^ Memoirs on the history, folk-lore, and distribution of the races of the North Western Provinces of India, Sir Henry Miers Elliot, Trübner & co., 1869

3. ^ Tareekh e Farishta by Abul Qasim farishta

4. ^ Pilibhit gazetteer VOL XVIII Page 167 H R Novel 1909

5. ^ Life of Hafiz Rahmat Khan (Page 282,285,289-291 ) -by Syed Altaf Ali Bareilvi 1932

6. ^ Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin, Elise M. S. Belle & Saima Shah & Tudor Parfitt & Mark G. Thomas; Received: 11 March 2010 / Accepted: 28 May 2010 / Published online: 29 June 2010