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For Rinzai or Sōtō read Rinzai or Sōtō Zen Buddhist or Buddhism. For "founder," read "regarded as founder." Chinese names are entered in a modified Wade-Giles romanization followed in parentheses by their Pin-yin reading and their Japanese romanization--then (for those included therein) by their coordinates in Andy Ferguson's invaluable Map of the Chinese Ancestors (Petaluma, CA., South Mountain, 1988). The coordinate number indicates the generation after Bodhidharma. The Five Houses of Ch'an, or Chinese Zen, and other clearly designated sects are called "schools;" still other traditions are simply "lines." The Nan-yüeh line evolved into the Lin-chi and Kuei-yang schools; the Ch'ing-yüan line evolved into the Ts'ao-tung, Yün-men, and Fa-yen schools. The Sanbōkyōdan school is a contemporary, syncretic order with Sōtō antecedents and kōan practice. Recent Japanese masters are listed by names by which they are commonly known, e.g.: Yasutani Haku'un, rather than Haku'un Ryōkō (given in parentheses). Note that Sanskrit names that conventionally begin with an “S” with an acute accent will be found under "Sh." Names are given in Chinese, unless otherwise noted. Abbreviations: c=century; J=Japanese; P=Pali; S=Sanskrit. Corrections invited.
Amitābha, S. Amida, J. The Buddha of Infinite Light and Life who saves beings and presides over the Pure Land. Asahina Sōgen (Beppō Sōgen), J., 1891-1979, heir of Gyōdō Ekun, Rinzai school.
Avalokiteshvara, S. Sovereign Observer. Bodhisattva of mercy. See Kuan-shih-yin.
Bankei Yōtaku, J., 1622-1693, heir of Boku Sogyō, Rinzai school.
Bashō. See Matsuo Bashō.
Bassui Tokushō, J., 1327-1387, heir of Kohō Kakumyō, Rinzai school.
Bodhhdharma, S., d. 536?, heir of Prajñtāra, Dhyā yna line; founder, Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism. I-1.
Buddha, S. Enlightened One. Shākyamuni. An enlightened person. A figure in the Buddhist pantheon. Any being.
Buddhadasa, P.. 1906-1993, Thai Theravāda master, founder of Suan Mok Monastery.
Buson. See Taniguchi Buson
Ch'ang-ch'ing Hui-leng (Changqing Huilung, Chōkei Enryō), 854-932, heir of Hsüeh-feng -ts'un, Ch'ing-yüan line. O-13.
Ch'ang-sha Ching-ts'en (Changsha Jingcen, Chōsa Keijin), n.d., heir of Nan-ch'üan Pu-yüan, Nan-yüeh line. J-10.
Chao-chou Ts'ung-shen (Zhaozhou Congshen, Jōshū Jūshin), 778-897), heir of Nan-ch'üan Pu-yüan, Nan-yüeh line. K-10.
Chia-shan Shan-hui (Jiashan Shanhui, Kassan Zenne), 805-881, heir of Ch'uan-tzu Te-ch'ing, Ch'ing-yüan line. M-11.
Chih-kung, see Pao Chih-kung.
Chih-men Kuang-tso (Zhimen Guangzuo, Chimen Kiso), n.d., heir of Hsiang-lin Ch'ing-yüan, Yün-men school. G-15
Ching-Ch'ing Tao-fu (Jingqing Daofu, Kyōsei Dōfu), 868-937, heir of Hsüeh-feng, Ching-yüan line. K-13.
Chin-hua Chü-chih (Jinhua Juzhi, Kinko Gutei). n.d., heir of Hang-chou T'ien-lung, Nan-yüeh line. I-11
Ch'ing-yüan Hsing-ssü, (Qingyuan Xingsi, Seigen Gyōshi). d. 740, heir of Ta-chien Hui-neng; founder, Ching-yüan line. L-7.
Chü-chih. See Chin-hua Chü-chih.
Dōgen Kigen, J., 1200-1253, heir of T'ien-t'ung Ju-ching, Ts'ao-tung school; founder, Sōtō school in Japan.
Emperor Wu of liang. See Wu-ti.
Fu Ta-shih (Fu Dashi, Fu Daishi) or Wu-chou Shan-hui (Wuzhou Shanhui Mujū Zene), 497-569, a lay master without transmission.
Fugai Ekun, 1568-1654(?), heir of the priest Motsugai, Sōtō school.
Hakuin Ekaku, J., 1686-1769, heir of Dokyū Etan, Rinzai school; ancestor of all contemporary Rinzai teachers.
Hang-chou T'ien-lung (Hangzhou Tianlong, Kashō Tenryū), d. 9th c., heir of Ta-mei Fa-ch'ang, Nan-yüeh line. G-10.
Harada Dai'un (Dai'un Sogaku), J., 1870-1961, heir of Dokutan Sōsan, Rinzai school, and Kakushō Sodō, Sōtō school
Hermit of Lotus Flower Peak. See Lien-hua Feng-hsiang.
Hsien-yen An (Xian-yan An, Sengan An), n.d., heir of T’ien-t’ai Teshao, Fa-yen school.
Hsiang-yen Chih-hsien (Xianyan Zhixian, Kyōgen Chikan), d. 898, heir of Kuei-shan Ling-yu, Kuei-yang school. G-11.
Hsüan-sha Shih-pei (Xuansha Shibei, Gensha Shibi), 835-908. heir of Hsüeh-feng, Ch'ing-yüan line. M-13
Hsüeh-feng I-tsun (Xuefeng Yicun, Seppō Gison), 822-908, heir of Te-shan Hsüan-chien, Ch'ing-yüan line. P-12
Hsüeh-tou Ch'ung-hsien (Xuedou Chongxian, Setchō Jōken), 980-1052, heir of Chih-men Kuang-tsu, Yün-men line; compiler of the Pi-yen lu (Hekiganroku, The Blue Cliff Record).
Hui-k=o. See Ta-tsu Hui-kyo.
Ikkyū Sōjun, 1394-1481, heir of Kasō Sōdon, Rinzai school.
Issa. See Kobayashi Issa
Kannon, Kanzeon. See Kuan-shih-yin.
Kobayashi Issa, J. 1763-1857, haiku poet, associated with the Pure Land school of Buddhism.
Kaōan Ta-yü (Gaoan Daofu, Kōan Daigu), n.d., heir of Kuei-tsung Chih-ch'ang, Nan-yüeh line. H-10.
Keizan Jōkin, J., 1268-1325, heir of Tetsō Gikai, Sōtō school; compiler of the Denkōroku, J., (Transmission of the Light).Kikaku, See Takarai Kikaku.
Kuan-shih-yin or Kuan-yin (Guanshiyin or Guanyin, Kanzeon or Kannon). One who perceives the sounds of the world. Bodhisattva of mercy. Derived from Avalokiteshvara.
Kuei-shan Ling-yu (Guishan Lingy u, Isan Reiyū), 771-853, heir of Pai-chang Huai-hai, Nan-yüeh line; co-founder, Kuei-yang school. E-10.
Kuei-tsung Chih-ch'ang (Kueizong Zhichang, Kisu Chijō), n.d., heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line. F-9.
Kumārjiva, C., 344-413. Central Asian Buddhist master instrumental in translating Buddhist texts into Chinese.
Kūya Shōnin, J., 904-972, itinerant Pure Land school missionary, known for his good works.
Layman P'ang. See P'ang-yün
Lien-hua Feng-hsiang (Luoshan Daoxian, Renge Hōsho, Hermit of Lotus Flower Peak), n.d., heir of Feng-hsien Tao-ch'en, Yün-men school. P-13.
Lin-chi I-shüan (Linji Yixuan, Rinzai Gigen), d. 864, heir of Huang-po Hsi-yün, Nan-yüeh line; founder, Lin-chi (Rinzai) school. A-11.
Ling-yün Chih-ch'in (Lingyun Zhiqui, Reiun Chigon), n.d., heir of Kuei-shan Ling-yu, Kuei-yang school. D-11.
Lo-shan Tao-hsien (Luoshan Daoxian, Razan Dōkan), n.d., heir of Yen-t'ou Chüan-huo, Ch'ing-yüan line. P-13.
Maezumi Hakuyū, (Taizan Hakuyū), J., 1931-1995, heir of Baian Hakujun, Sōtō school, Hannya Kōryū, Rinzai school, and Yasutani Haku'un, Sambōkyōan schoo school; founder, Zen Center of Los Angeles.
Maitreya, S. The Compassionate One; the future, potential, or inherent Buddha.
Mañjushrī, S. Beautiful Virtue; Bodhisattva of Wisdom.
Ma-ku, See Ma-yü Pao-ch'e
Matsuo Bashō, J., 1644-1694, poet, student of the priest Butchō; founder, Bashō school of Haiku poetry.
Mayü or Maku Pao-che (Mayu Baoche, Mayoku Hōtetsu), n.d., heir of Ma-tzu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line. H-9.
Ma-yü (Mayu, Mayoku), n.d., student of Lin-chi I-hsüan. Distinguish from Ma-yü or Maku Pao-che, above.
Ma-tzu Tao-i (Mazu Daoyi, Baso Dōitsu) 709-788, heir of Nan-yüeh Huai-jang; Nan-yüeh line. A-8.
Mu-chou Tao-ming (Muzho Daoming, Bokushū Dōmyō), 780-887, heir of Huang-po Hsi-yun, Nan-yüeh line. B-11.
Nakagawa Sōen (Mitta Sōen), J., 1907-1984, poet and heir of Yamamoto Gempō, Rinzai line.
Nan-ch'üan Pu-yüan (Nanquan Puyuan, Nansen Fugan), 748-835, heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line. M-9.
Nan-yüeh Huai-jang (Nanyue Huanrang, Nakgaku Ejō). 677-744, heir of Ta-chien Hui-neng; founder, Nan-yüeh line. A-7.
Pai-chang Huai-hai (Baizhang Huanhai, Hyakujō kai), 720-814, heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line. A-9.
Pai-yün Shou-tuan (Baiyun Shouduan, Haku'un Shutan), 1025-1072, heir of Yang-ch'i Shou-tuan, Lin-chi school. C-19.
P'an-shan Pao-yün (Panshan Baoji, Banzan Hōshoku), 720-814, heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line. I-9
P'ang-yün (Pangyun, Hōon, Layman P'ang), 740-808, heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line. G-9.
Pao-fu Ts'ung-chan (Baofu Congzhan, Hōfuku Jōten), d.928, heir of Hsüeh-feng, Ch'ing-yüan line. N-13.
Pao Chih-kung (Hō Shikō), d. 514?, advisor to Emperor Wu, lay master without lineage.
Phra Prayudh Payutto. 1939- Thai Theravāda Master, heir of Buddhadasa.
Prajñātāra, S., d. 457, heir of Punyamitra, Dhyāna line.
Ryōkan. See Taigu Ryōkan.
Samantabhadra, S. Pervading Goodness. Bodhisattva of Great Action (in turning the Dharma wheel).
Sasaki Sōkei-an (Shigetsu Sōshin), J., 1882-1945, heir of Tetsuū Sōkatsu, Rinzai school; founder, First Zen Institute of America.
Satomi Myōdo, J., 1896-1978, heir of Yasutani Haku'un, Sanbōkyōdan school.
Sekida, Katsuki, J. 1893-1983, author, student of Nakagawa Sōen and a teacher at the Maui Zendo, Rinzai school.
Sengai Gibon,, J. (1750-1837, artist and heir of Gessen Zen'e the Rinzai line
Senzaki Nyogen (Chōrōan Nyōgen), J., 1876-1958, heir of Shaku Sōen, Rinzai school; founder, Mentorgarten.
Seng-ts'an. See Chien-chih Seng-ts'an.
Sesshū Oda, J. 1420-1506, black-ink artist known for landscape and Zen Buddhist subjects.
Shaku Sōen, J., 1859-1919, heir of Imakita Kōsen, Rinzai school.
Shākyamuni, S. 5th-4th b.c.e, Sage of the Shākya Clan; the historical Buddha. Embodiment of Prajñā, Karunā and the Nirmānakāya.
Shidō Munan or Bunan J., (1603-1676), heir of Gudō Tōshoku, Rinzai school.
Sixth Ancestor or Patriarch. See Ta-chien Hui-neng.
Su Tung-p'o (Sōtoba), 1036-1101, poet and heir of Tung-lin Ch'ang-tsung, Lin-chi school..
Suzuki, Daisetz (D.T. Suzuki), J., 1870-1966, scholar and lay student of Shaku Sōen, Rinzai school.
Suzuki Shunryū (Shōgaku Shunryū), J., 1904-1971, heir of Gyokukun Sōtō school; founder, San Francisco Zen Center.
Ta-chien Hui-neng (Dajian Huineng, Daikan Enō), 638-713. Sixth Ancestral Teacher or Patriarch, heir of Ta-man Hung-jen, Bodhidharma line. I-6.
Ta-chu Hui-hai (Dazhu Huihai, Daiju Ekai), n.d., heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i, Nan-yüeh line.
Ta-hui Tsung-hao (Dahui Zongguo, Daie Sō) 1089-1169, heir of Yüan-wu Ko-ch'in, Lin-chi school. A-22.
Ta-i Tao-hsin (Dayi Daoxin, Dai'i Dōshin), 580-651, heir of Chien-chih Seng-ts'an, Bodhidharma line. I-4.
Taigu Ryōkō An, J., 1758-1831, poet and heir of Taigen Kokusen, Sōtō school.
Takarai Kikaku, J. 1660-1707, poet.
Tan-hsia T'ien-jan (Danxia Tianran, Tansha Tenzen), 739-824, heir of Shih-t'ou Hsi-ch'en, Ch'ing-yüan line. O-9
Taniguchi Buson, J. 1715-1783, haiku poet noted for his imagism.
Tao-chang Ming-pien (Daochang Mingbian, Dōjō Myōben), 1089-1157, heir of Lu-men Chin-yüan, Lin-chi school.
Tao-hsin. See Ta-i Tao-hsin.
Tao-wu Yüan-chih (Daowu Datong, Dōgo Enchi), 769-835, heir of Yüeh-shan Wei-yen, Ch'ing-yüan school. N-10.
Ta-tsu Hui-k'o (Dazu Huike, Taiso Eka), 487-593, heir of Bodhidharma. I-2.
Ta-yü, see Kōan Ta-yü.
Teng Yin-feng (Deng Yinfang, Tō Inpō), n.d., heir of Ma-tsu Tao-i.
T'ien-lung, See Hang-chou T'ien-lung.
Ting Shang-tsu (Ding Zhang-zi, Jō Jōza), n.d., heir of Lin-chi I-hsüan, Lin-chi school.
Tōsui Unkei, J., d. 1683, heir of Igan Sōsetsu, Sōtō school.
T'ou-tzu Ta-t'ung (Touzi Datong, Tōsu Daidō), 819-914, heir of Ts'ui-wei Wu-hsiüh, Ching-yüan line. J-12.
Ts'ao-shan Pen-chi (Caoshan Benji, Sōzan Honjaku), 840-901, heir of Tung-shan Liang-chieh; regarded by some as co-founder, Ts'ao-tung school. J-12.
Tung-shan Liang-chieh (Dongshan Lianjie, Tōzan Ryōkai), 807-869, heir of Yün-yen T'an-sheng, Ch'ing-yüan line; founder, Ts'ao-tung school. L-11.
Vairochana, S. The Sun Buddha, embodying Bodhi, total purity, and the Dharmakāya.
Vimalakīrti, S. Semi-legendary lay disciple of the Buddha Shākyamuni, memorialized in the Vimalakrti Nirdesha Sūtra.
Wu-chiu Yu-hsüan (Wujiu Youxuan, Ukyō Yōgen), n.d., heir of Ma-tsu Tai-i, Nan-yüeh line. L-9.
Wu-cho (Mujaku, Asanga, S.), d. 633, missionary monk from central Asia. Distinguish from Asanga, co-founder of the Yogcākāra school of Classical Buddhism.
Wu-men Hui-k'ai (Wumen Huikai, Mumon Ekai), 1183-1260, heir of Yüeh-lin Shih-kuan, Lin-chi school; compiler of the Wu-men kuan,(Mumonkan, The Gateless Barrier). D-25.
Wu-ti (Butei), Emperor of Liang (Ryō, South China), reined 502- 549.
Wu-tsu Fa-yen (Wuzu Fayan, Goso Hōen), d. 1104. heir of Pai-yün Shou-tuan, Lin-chi school. D-20.
Yamada Kōun (Kōun Zenshin), J., (1907-1989), heir of Yasutani Haku'un, Sanbōkyōdan school.
Yamamoto Gempō (Hannya Gempō), J., 1866-1961, heir of Shōun Shōan, teacher of Nakagawa Sōen Rōshi, Rinzai school.
Yamaoka Tesshū, J. 1836-1888, statesman, swordsman, heir of Giboku Tekisui, Rinzai school.
Yang-shan Hui-chi (Yangshan Huiji, Kyōzan Chikan), d. 898, heir of Kuei-shan Ling-yu, Nan-yüeh line; co-founder, Kuei-yang school. F-11.
Yasutani Haku'un (Haku'un Ryōkō), J., 1885-1973, heir of Harada Dai'un, Sōtō school; founder, Sambōkyōdan school.
Yen-t'ou Chüan-huo (Yantou Quanhuo, Gantō Zenkatsu), 828-897, heir of Te-shan Hsüan-chien, Ch'ing-yüan line. Q-12.
Yüan-wu K'o-ch'in (Yuanwu Keqin, Engo Kokugon), 1063-1135, heir of Wu-tsu Fa-yen, Lin-chi school; editor, Pi-yen lu (Hekiganroku, The Blue Cliff Record). A-21.
Yüeh-chou Ken-feng (Yuezhou Genfang, Etsushu Kempo), n.d., heir of Tung-shan Liang-chieh, Ts'ao-tung school.
Yüeh-shan Wei-yen (Yueshan Weiyan, Yakusan Igen), 745-828, heir of Shih-t'ou Hsi-ch'ien, Ch'ing-yüan line. N-9.
Yün-men Wen-yen (Yunmen Wenyan, Unmon Bun'en), 864-949, heir of Hsüeh-feng I-ts'un, Ching-yüan line; founder, Yün-men school. I-13.
Yün-yen T'an-sheng (Yunyan Tansheng, Ungan Donjō), 780-941, heir of Yüeh-shan Wei-yen, Ch'ing-yüan line. L-10.
Yung-chia Hsüan-sha (Yongjia Xuyanjue, Yōka Genshoku), d. 713, heir of Ta-chien Hui-neng, Bodhidharma line. N-7.
-Robert Aitken 2004/09
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