(a) Define aerobic respiration in humans and use word and chemical equations to represent the process.
(b) Define anaerobic respiration in muscles and use word equation to represent the process.
(c) Describe the effect of lactic acid in muscles during exercise.
(d) Identify on diagrams and name the parts of the respiratory system - larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries.
(e) State the characteristics of, and describe the role of, the exchange surface of the alveoli in gas exchange.
(f) Describe the removal of carbon dioxide gas from the lungs, including the role of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the formation and dissociation of carbonic acid.
(g) describe the role of cilia, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles in breathing mechanism.
(h) Describe the effect of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components – nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide, on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.