This article is the result of a serious attempt to falsify the program initiated in the earlier article titled "What are the Fundamental Matter Particles?".
In this attempt, I did not have any intention to invent a theory to explain experiments or remove mysteries, on the contrary, it was the super structure in that earlier article that showed me the 5th force and consequently quark mixing and related CP violation. After making this prediction, I surprisingly found that in fact there is indeed such a phenomena, and moreover, the prediction also produced results matching the quantitative data of the experiment.
Quark decay of mixed generations and its closely related CP violation was experimentally observed in 1964, and currently, the best known theory explaining this phenomena is the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) theory.
The CKM theory was invented to explain the experiment, and in the process, it creates its own mysteries. In addition, it does not fare well in a numerical test. In this test, I used a very accurate formula from the CKM theory, but the computed result is quite poor when compared with the experimental result, in both accuracy and precision.
My theory comes out automatically from there being a 5th force, and produces no mysteries at all. That is because the 5th force violates CP and transforms fundamental matters among their different generations. More importantly, the numerical test in this paper says that it matches the more refined experimental data well. In the test, I used an inaccurate formula derived from this 5th force under a few reasonable assumptions, and the computed result is good when compared with the experimental result, in both accuracy and precision.
I found the following sentence from page 592 of the book by Prof. T. D. Lee very prophetic:
"Furthermore, CP and T violations will be regarded as due to an interaction distinct from the weak [force]. "
I believe that the aforementioned "interaction distinct from the weak [force]" is just the fifth force.
Here is the Java code I used for the 5th force based computation, and here is the Java code I used for the CKM based computation. The public class Complex for doing arithmetic operations with complex numbers is here. Here is the talk I gave at HKUST on May 18, 2012.
Updated on April 18, 2013. As I understand now, some of the CKM matrix entries are measured directly, but some are not; moreover, for the matrix entries that cannot be measured directly, physicists carry out some computations based on the CKM theory in order to get something that can be measured directly and is related to the these matrix entries, then they determine these matrix entries indirectly. I was told that |Vtb| = 0.89 ± 0.07 was obtained by a direct measurement with little assumption, but |Vts| cannot be measured directly and was obtained indirectly, with one of the assumption being |Vtb| = 1. The lesson I learned is this: I cannot take a data without knowing all the assumptions behind the data. For example, for the ratio of |Vts| to |Vcb|, my formula gives me 0.95 ± 0.04 (assuming the data I used is reliable), and it is 1.04 ± 0.05 in the article by A. Ceccucci (CERN), Z. Ligeti (LBNL), and Y. Sakai (KEK), which is based on this paper by M. Misiak et al. However, in the paper by M. Misiak et al, the authors call their result "an estimate rather than a prediction because some of the numerically important contributions have been found using an interpolation in the charm quark mass, which introduces uncertainties that are difficult to quantify."
If I knew this in the beginning, I would probably not trust the initial match. At this moment, I would say that the test is inconclusive because of the lack of reliable data.