The integration of wetlands and soil microorganisms has been studied for two main purposes: wastewater treatment and electricity generation. This research focuses on plant–microbe interactions, identifying plant species that can enhance the growth of beneficial soil bacteria while efficiently removing nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate from wastewater.

Based on this approach, a wetland–microbial fuel cell (MFC) system has been developed and tested at both laboratory and pilot scales. The results demonstrate that the system can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate renewable energy, highlighting its strong potential for sustainable, real-world applications.

In addition, recent advancements in circuit design have improved the control and stabilization of electricity transfer into batteries, making energy storage more reliable. With these developments, MFC technology is expected to evolve into small-scale renewable energy devices. In the future, such systems could be used for practical applications such as charging mobile phones or powering garden pathway lighting. This not only enhances the value of wastewater treatment systems but also supports sustainable energy use.