Phytoremediation is a well-known, eco-friendly technology for wastewater treatment with relatively low operating costs. Plants can absorb, transform, or break down pollutants into less toxic forms and store them in parts such as vacuoles, cell walls, and membranes. Different plant species are suited to different types of pollutants, and some can act as hyperaccumulators, especially for heavy metals.

However, traditional phytoremediation often requires large land areas and long treatment times. To overcome these limitations, an artificial wetland system has been developed to improve removal efficiency while using less space. This system has recently been tested at a real contaminated site, demonstrating strong potential for practical, real-world application.