Raphael Auer is head of the BIS Innovation Hub Eurosystem Centre, which has offices in Frankfurt and Paris. Before taking up his current assignment, he was Principal Economist in the BIS's Innovation and Digital Economy and Monetary Policy units. Before that, he was Deputy Head of the International Trade and Capital Flows unit at the Swiss National Bank. Raphael holds a PhD in economics from MIT and has founded the Central Bank Research Association. He has published on topics relating to international trade, international macroeconomics, exchange rate pass-through, and digital innovation in leading economic journals.