Publications

Books

1. W. R. Uttal, R. Kakarala, S. Dayanand, T. Shepard, M. Liu, J. Kalki, C. Lunskis (1999). Computational modeling of vision: The role of combination, New York: Marcel Dekker, 280 pages.
2. W. R. Uttal, G. Bradshaw, S. Dayand, R. Lovell, T. Shepard, R. Kakarala, K. Skifstad, G. Tupper (1992). The swimmer: An integrated computational model of a perceptual-motor system, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 225 pages.

Proceedings edited

1. R. Klette, G. Gimel'farb, R. Kakarala, Eds. (1998). Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 1998, CITR-Tamaki, Auckland, New Zealand, 416 pages.

Journal articles

1. R. Kakarala and R. Hebbalaguppe (2014), "A method for fusing a pair of images in the JPEG domain", Journal of real-time image processing, 9(2): 347-357 Preprint (2014)
2. H. Akhtar and R. Kakarala, " A methodology for evaluating accuracy of capacitive touch sensing grid patterns", IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology , 10(8): 672-682, (2014)
3. P. Kaliamoorthi and R. Kakarala, "Directional chamfer matching in 2.5 dimensions", IEEE Signal Processing Letters , Vol. 20, No. 12, December 2013.
4. P. Kaliamoorthi, R. Kakarala (2013), "Parametric annealing: A stochastic search method for human pose tracking," Pattern recognition 46(5): 1501-1510 (2013)
5. V. Premachandran, R. Kakarala (2013), "Perceptually motivated shape context which uses shape interiors", Pattern recognition , 46 (8), 2092-2102 (2013).
6. R. Kakarala and P. Ogunbona (2012), "A phase-sensitive approach to filtering on the sphere", IEEE Transactions on signal processing , 60 (12), 6330-6339, (2012) Source code.
7. R. Kakarala (2012), "Interpreting the phase spectrum in Fourier analysis of partial ranking data", Advances in numerical analysis , Vol. 2012, Article ID 579050, Online version
8. R. Kakarala (2012), "The bispectrum as a source of phase-sensitive invariants for Fourier descriptors: a group theoretic approach", Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 44(3), 341-353 (2012). Online version
9. R. Kakarala (2011), "A signal processing approach to Fourier analysis of ranking data: the importance of phase", IEEE Transactions on signal processing, April 2011, pp 1518-1527. preprint.
10. V. Premachandran and R. Kakarala (2010), "Measuring the effectiveness of bad pixel detection algorithms using the ROC curve", IEEE Transactions on consumer electronics, Nov. 2010. preprint.
11. M. Clausen and R. Kakarala (2009), ''Computing Fourier transforms and convolutions of Sn-1-invariant signals on Sn in time linear in n'', Applied Mathematics Letters, 12 September 2009. preprint.
12. R. Kakarala and Z. Baharav (2002), ``Adaptive demosaicing using the principal vector method," IEEE Transactions on consumer electronics, Vol. 48, No. 4, November 2002 pp 932 -937.
13. R. J. Valkenburg, R. Kakarala (2001), ``Lower bounds for the divergence of orientational estimators,'' IEEE Transactions on information theory, Vol. 47, No. 6, September 2001, pp 2490-2504.
14. R. Kakarala, P. Ogunbona (2001), ``Signal analysis using a multiresolution form of the singular value decomposition,''IEEE Transactions on image processing, Vol. 10, No. 5, May 2001, pp 724-735. MATLAB code
15. A. Coulson, R. Kakarala (1999) ``Excess delay estimation from time-varying mobile radio channel impulse response measurements'', IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp 239-241.
16. L. Ming, R. Kakarala (1998). ``Symmetric estimation using a convolution property of the disk Harmonic coefficients,'' Electronics letters, Vol. 34, No. 2, October 1998, pp 2113-2115.
17. R. Kakarala (1998). ``Testing for convexity with Fourier descriptors,'' Electronics letters, Vol. 34, No. 14, July 1998 pp 1392-1393.
18. S. Verrall, R. Kakarala (1998). ``Disk harmonics for invariant pattern recognition,'' Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 389-401.
19. R. Kakarala, G. S. Watson (1997). ``Lower bounds on the divergence of directional and axial estimators,'' Australian Journal of statistics, Vol. 39, No. 3, Dec. 1997, pp 253-260.
20. S. Parthiban, C. P. Ravikumar, R. Kakarala, J. Sivaswamy (1997), ``Parallelization of symmetry detection algorithms,'' Microprocessors & microsystems, Vol 20, No 6, p 341-349.
21. R. Kakarala, J. A. Cadzow (1996). ``Estimation of phase for noisy linear-phase signals,'' IEEE Transactions on signal processing, Vol. 44, No. 10, p 2483-2495.
22. T. Numnonda, M. Andrews, R. Kakarala (1994). ``High-resolution image reconstruction by simulated annealing,'' Optics communications, Vol. 108, pp 24-30.
23. B. Bennett, D. Hoffman, R. Kakarala (1993). ``Modeling performance in observer theory,'' Journal of mathematical psychology, Vol. 37, No. 2, June 1993, pp 220-240.
24. R. Kakarala, G. J. Iverson (1993). ``Uniqueness results for multiple correlations of periodic functions,'' Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 10, No. 7, July 1993, pp 1517-1528.
25. R. Kakarala, A. O. Hero (1992). ``On achievable accuracy in edge localisation,'' IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp 777-781.
26. W. R. Uttal, N. S. Davis, C. Welke, R. Kakarala (1988). ``The reconstruction of static visual forms from sparse dotted samples,'' Perception and psychophysics, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp 223-241.

Chapters in books

1. R. Kakarala (1998). ``On symmetry in digital geometry,'' Advances in digital and computational geometry, edited by Reinhard Klette, Azriel Rosenfeld, and Fridrich Sloboda, Singapore: Springer-Verlag, pp 317-339.

Refereed professional conferences

1. M. Andrews and R. Kakarala, "Shape simplification through polygonal approximation in the Fourier domain", Electronic Imaging 2015, San Francisco. 9-12 Feb 2015.
2. Z. Baharav, R. Kakarala, and D. Gladstein, "3d barcodes: theoretical aspects and practical implementation," Electronic Imaging 2015, San Francisco. 9-12 Feb 2015.
3. R. Kakarala, S. Morales, and A. Agrawal, "Comparing humans to automation in rating photographic aesthetics", Electronic Imaging 2015, San Francisco. 9-12 Feb 2015.
4. H. Akhtar and R. Kakarala, "A comparative analysis of capacitive touch panel grid designs and interpolation methods", International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 2014, Paris, 27-30 October 2014.
5. V. Premachandran and R. Kakarala, " What parts of a shape are discriminative?" International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 2013, Melbourne, Australia. Best Student Paper Award!
6. Z. Baharav and R. Kakarala, "Visually significant QR codes: image blending and statistical analysis", International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) 2013
7. R. Kakarala, P. Kaliamoorthi* and V. Premachandran*, "Three-dimensional bilateral symmetry plane estimation in the phase domain'', IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2013 (* equal contribution).
8. V. Premachandran and R. Kakarala, "Consensus of k-NNs for robust neighborhood selection on graph-based manifolds", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2013
9. V. Premachandran and R. Kakarala, "Improving shape context using geodesic information and reflection invariance", SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8662 Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXX: Algorithms and Techniques , Feb 2013.
10. V. Premachandran and R. Kakarala, "Dense sampling of shape interiors for improved representation", SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8661 Image Processing: Machine Vision Applications VI , Feb 2013.
11. A. Agrawal, R. Kakarala, R. Somavarapu, V. Premachandran, "Can relative skill be determined from a photographic portfolio?", SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8662: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XVIII , Feb. 2013
12. R. Hebbalaguppe and R. Kakarala, ``An efficient, multiple-exposure image fusion in JPEG domain'', SPIE Proceedings Vol 8299, 2012 IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging Conference, Jan 23, 2012. preprint
13. K. Kubicki and R. Kakarala, "Experimental results of bispectral invariants discriminative power", SPIE Proceedings Vol 8290 , 2012 IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging Conference, Jan 25, 2012.
14. R. Kakarala, T. Sachs, and V. Premachandran, ``Comparing automated and human ratings of photographic aesthetics'', Proceedings of the 2011 Color Imaging Conference, 7-11 November 2011, San Jose CA.
15. R. Kakarala, P. Kaliamoorthi, W. Li, "Viewpoint invariants from three-dimensional data: the role of reflection in human activity understanding" CVPR Workshop on Human Activity Understanding from 3D data (HAU3D) June 2011, Colorado Springs: Technical report; Code
16. Z. Baharav and R. Kakarala, "Glass impact on capacitive touchsensing algorithms: thinner and shaped cover glass", Proc. Society for Information Display Conference, May 2011, San Jose, preprint .
17. Z. Baharav and R. Kakarala, ``Capacitive touch sensing: signal and image processing algorithms'' SPIE Proceedings Vol 7873; 2011 IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging Conference, January 2011, San Francisco, preprint
18. A. Thangarajan and R. Kakarala, ``Simulating images captured by superposition lens cameras'' Proc. SPIE Conference on Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems IX, January 2011, San Francisco, preprint
19. T. Sachs, R. Kakarala, S. Castleman, and D. Rajan, ``A data-driven approach to understanding skill in photographic-composition'', ACCV 2010 Workshop on Computational Photography and Aesthetics, Nov. 2010, Queenstown New Zealand, preprint.
20. R. Kakarala, "Triple correlation on groups," Short Communication at the 2010 International Congress of Mathematicians, Hyderabad, India abstract
21. R. Kakarala, D. Mao, "A theory of phase-sensitive rotation invariance with spherical harmonic and moment-based representations," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) , San Francisco, July 2010. (pdf)
22. D. Mao, R. Kakarala, D. Rajan, and S. Castleman, "Understanding photographic composition through data-driven approaches," International conference on computer vision theory and applications (VISAPP) , Angers, France, May 2010. preprint
23. R. Kakarala, R. Bagadi, "A method for signalling block-adaptive quantization in baseline sequential JPEG'', IEEE Tencon, Singapore, 2009 preprint.
24. R. Kakarala, ``Bispectrum on finite groups'', International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Taiwan 2009, pp 3293-3296, preprint .
25. X. Zhang, R. Kakarala, Z. Baharav, ``Shape reconstruction from noisy surface slope information using a multiresolution Bayesian method'' SPIE Proceedings Vol. 5679, Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XIII, Jeffery R. Price; Fabrice Meriaudeau, Editors, pp.156-165, 24 February 2005.
26. Z. Baharav, R. Kakarala, ``Compression aware demosaicing", SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4667, Image Processing: Algorithms and Systems, Edward R. Dougherty; Jaakko T. Astola; Karen O. Egiazarian, Editors, pp.149-156, 22 May 2002.
27. C.-Y. Chen, R. Klette, R. Kakarala, C.-F. Chen, ``Recovery of Coloured Surface Reflectances Using the Photometric Stereo Method'', in Proceedings of the 2002 Image and Vision Computing New Zealand Conference, pp. 175-180.
28. C.-Y. Chen, R. Klette and R. Kakarala, ``Albedo Recovery Using a Photometric Stereo Approach'', in Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2002, pp. 700-703.
29. R. Kakarala, ``Testing for convexity with Fourier descriptors", Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Brisbane, Australia, August 1998, Vol. 1, pp 792-798.
30. R. Kakarala, J. A. Cadzow, ``Estimation of phase for noisy linear-phase signals", Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, May 1995, pp 16-20.
31. R. Kakarala, B. M. Bennett, G. J. Iverson, and M. D'Zmura, ``Bispectral techniques for spherical functions", Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Minneapolis, MN, April 1993, Vol. 4, pp 216-219.
32. R. Kakarala, ``A group-theoretic approach to the triple correlation", Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Higher Order Statistics, pp 28-32, Stanford Sierra Camp, CA.
33. R. Kakarala, G. J. Iverson, ``Characterization of periodic functions by higher order spectra", Proceedings of the 1991 Multidimensional Signal Processing Workshop, September 23-25, 1991, Lake Placid, NY.

Patents granted

1. R. Kakarala, "Method and system for tracking motion of a device", US 9,324,159, issued April 2016
2. R. Kakarala, A. Grot, and D. Dolfi, "Dynamically reconfigurable pixel array for optical navigation", US 9,052,759, issued June 2015.
3. S. Hunter, C. Hoke, R. Kakarala, J. S. Wenstrand, "Methods and systems for measuring speckle translation with spatial filters", US 8,913,232, issued December 2014.
4. R. Baer, R. Kakarala, D. Vook, X. Zhang, I. Baharav, P. Corredoura, "System for determining pointer position, movement, and angle", US 8,279,179, issued October 2012.
5. M. Brosnan, R. Kakarala, R. Grewal, M. Butterworth, V. Moyer, T. Xie, M. Depue, "Apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer with low sensitivity to particle contamination", US 8,264,461, issued September 2012.
6. R. Kakarala, A. Schneider, "Buffer management for an adaptive buffer value using accumulation and averaging", US 7,974,489, issued July 2011.
7. R. Kakarala, ``Optically detecting click events", US 7,969,410, issued June 2011.
8. D.W. Schroeder, M.T. DePue, R. Kakarala, T. Xie, G.D. Van Wiggeren, ``Tracking motion using an interference pattern'', US 7,737,947, issued June, 2010.
9. S. Hunter, C. D. Hoke, R. Kakarala, J. S. Wenstrand, ``Methods and systems for measuring speckle translation with spatial filters'', US 7,646,373, issued January, 2010.
10. R. Grewal, R. Kakarala, ``Apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer that detects defective pixels'', US 7,613,328, issued November 2009.
11. D. Dolfi, R. Kakarala, A. Grot, ``Optical navigation device adapted for navigation on a transparent structure'', US 7,567,341, issued July 2009.
12. R. Baer, R. Kakarala, D. W. Vook, X. Zhang, I. Baharav, P. L. Corredoura,``System for determining pointer position, movement, and angle'', US 7,557,799, issued July 2009.
13. J. H. Stanback, X. Zhang, R. Kakarala, B. P. Ying, "System and method for detecting and correcting defective pixels in a digital image sensor", US 7,460,688, issued December 2008.
14. M. J. Brosnan, R. Kakarala, R. S. Singh, M. M. Butterworth, V. C. Moyer, T. Xie, M. T. Depue, ``Apparatus for controlling the position of a screen pointer with low sensitivity to particle contamination'', US 7,446,756, issued November, 2008.
15. T. Xie, R. Kakarala, V. Moyer, ``Light source control in a pointing device'', US 7,399,953, issued July 2008.
16. R. Baer, R. Kakarala, ``Systems and methods for reducing artifacts caused by illuminant flicker'', US 7,397,503, issued July 2008.
17. X. Zhang, R. Kakarala, I. Baharav, ``System and method for shape reconstruction from optical images," US 7,352,892, issued April 2008.
18. S. Hengstler, R. Kakarala, ``Method and system for shaping a spatial response of spatial filter'', US 7,304,285, issued December 2007.
19. R. Kakarala, X. Zhang, B. Y-P. Ying, J. Stanback, ``Method for detecting and correcting defective pixels in a digital image sensor'', US 7,283,164, issued October 2007.
20. R. Kakarala, M. Brosnan, ``Method for detecting repetetive surfaces in an optical mouse.'' US 7,263,242, issued August 2007.
21. I. Baharav, R. M. Iimura, X. Zhang, D. W. Vook, R. Kakarala, ``Electronic device having an image-based data input system," US 7,176,905, issued February 2007.
22. D. C. Feldmeir, R. Kakarala, J. Wenstrand, ``Optical navigation device with optical navigation quality detector", US 7,176,442. issued February 2007.
23. I. Baharav, R. Kakarala, ``System and method for demosaicing raw data images with compression considerations,'' US 7,155,066, issued December 2006.
24. R. Kakarala, J. S. Gibson, ``Signaling adaptive-quantization matrices in JPEG using end-of-block codes,'' US 7,092,578, issued August 2006 .
25. R. Kakarala, I. Baharav, ``Digital image system and method for implementing an adaptive demosaicing method,'' US 7,088,392, issued August 2006.
26. X. Zhang, R. Kakarala, T. S. Sachs, ``Color interpolation for image sensors using a local linear regression method,'' US 7,079,705, issued July 2006.
27. D. W. Vook, I. Baharav, X. Zhang, R. Kakarala, R. L. Baer, ``Optical inspection system, apparatus and method for reconstructing three-dimensional images for printed circuit board and electronics manufacturing inspection'', US 7,019,826, issued March 2006.
28. R. Kakarala, ``Digital image system and method for combining demosaicing and bad pixel correction,'' US 7,015,961, issued March 2006.
29. I. Baharav, R. Kakarala, D. W. Vook, ``System and method for concurrently demosaicing and resizing raw data images", US 6,989,862, issued January 2006.
30. R. Kakarala, I. Baharav, ``System and method for processing demosaiced images to reduce color aliasing artifacts'', US 6,819,301, issued November 2004.
31. I. Baharav, R. Kakarala, X. Zhang, D. W. Vook, ``Bad pixel detection and correction in an image sensing device'', US 6,737,625, issued May 2004.

PhD Thesis

R. Kakarala, "Triple correlation on groups" PhD Thesis in Mathematics, UC Irvine, 1992. scanned copy.