Violin—Unaltered for centuries, the violin is perhaps the most widely recognized orchestral instrument. Whether you call it a violin or a fiddle, it is the string family’s highest voice. High pitched, beautifully toned, the violin is often used as a lead or solo instrument, particularly in music demanding fast passage work.
Viola—Played under the chin much in the same manner as the violin, the viola is slightly larger and tuned differently. A larger tone chamber endows the viola with its mellow qualities and enables it to produce somber, moody tones.
Cello—Officially known as the violoncello, the cello produces deep lower registers and subdued higher tones. Unlike the violin or the viola, the cello is supported on the floor by an endpin while the seated performer steadies the instrument with his or her knees.
String Bass—The string family’s largest instrument, the string or double bass may be played with the bow or plucked by hand. The bass is the deepest voice of the string family and can function as a rhythmic accompaniment or as a solo instrument. The deep response of the bass gives foundation and “bottom” to the orchestra.