In music, counterpoint is the relationship between voices that are harmonically interdependent (polyphony) yet independent in rhythm and contour. It has been most commonly identified in the European classical tradition, strongly developing during the Renaissance and in much of the common practice period, especially in the Baroque. The term originates from the Latin 'punctus contra punctum' meaning "point against point".
A fugue is a contrapuntal compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject (a musical theme) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation (repetition at different pitches) and which recurs frequently in the course of the composition. A fugue usually has three sections: an exposition, a development, and a final entry that contains the return of the subject in the fugue's tonic key. Some fugues have a recapitulation.
A fughetta is a short fugue that has the same characteristics as a fugue. Often the contrapuntal writing is not strict, and the setting less formal.
J. S. Bach's Fugues and Fughettas for Clavichord, BWV 944–962:
BWV 944 – Fantasia and Fugue in A minor
BWV 945 – Fugue in E minor (doubtful)
BWV 946 – Fugue in C major (on a theme by Tomaso Albinoni)
BWV 947 – Fugue in A minor
BWV 948 – Fugue in D minor
BWV 949 – Fugue in A major
BWV 950 – Fugue in A major (on a theme by Tomaso Albinoni)
BWV 951 – Fugue in B minor (on a theme by Tomaso Albinoni)
BWV 951a – Fugue in B minor (alternative version of BWV 951)
BWV 952 – Fugue in C major
BWV 953 – Fugue in C major
BWV 954 – Fugue in B-flat major (on a theme by 0; doubtful)
BWV 955 – Fugue in B-flat major
(formerly attributed to Johann Christoph Erselius)
BWV 955a – Fugue in G major (alternative version of BWV 955)
BWV 956 – Fugue in E minor
BWV 957 – Machs mit mir, Gott, nach deiner Güt
(chorale prelude for organ)
BWV 958 – Fugue in A minor
BWV 959 – Fugue in A minor
BWV 960 – Fugue in E minor
BWV 961 – Fughetta in C minor
BWV 962 – Fugue in E minor (spurious; by Johann Georg Albrechtsberger)
The music of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750) is one of humanity's greatest treasures. It is unsurpassed in its expression of profound reverence for life, and in its depth and diversity of ideas and feelings. It provides boundless joy to listeners and performers.
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