Currently, I am aware of 272 frog species distributed in thirteen families that breed in phytotelmata (approximately three percent of all known frogs). Almost all of these species are all tropical or subtropical and often have derived parental care behaviors and sometimes bizarre adaptations to life in these habitats. The families with the largest number of phytotelm-breeding species are Dendrobatidae, Hylidae and Microhylidae. The distribution of these specialized forms in so many different families indicates that this lifestyle has evolved independently in many different lineages. Much remains to be learned about their lives.