Patti Smith

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Patti Smith

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For the lead singer of the band Scandal, see Patty Smyth. For other persons of the same name, see Patricia Smith (disambiguation).

Patti Smith

Provinssirock festival, Seinäjoki, Finland, June 16, 2007

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Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer–songwriter, poet and visual artist who was a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses.[1] Called the "Godmother of Punk",[2] she integrated the beat poetry performance style with three-chord rock. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978.[1] In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture,[3] and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[4]

[edit] Biography

[edit] Early years

Patti Smith was born in Chicago on December 30, 1946. Her mother, Beverly, was a jazz singer and her father, Grant, worked at the Honeywell plant. She spent her entire childhood in Deptford Township, New Jersey.[5][6] Raised the daughter of a Jehovah's Witness mother, she claims she had a strong religious education and a very good Bible education, but left organized religion as a teenager because she felt it was too confining and much later wrote the opening line ("Jesus died for somebody's sins, but not mine") of her cover version of Them's "Gloria" in response to this experience.[7] Smith graduated from Deptford Township High School in 1964. The family was not well-off, and Smith went to work in a factory.[1] Patti Smith was voted "Class Clown" in her senior year.

[edit] 1967–1973: New York

In 1967 she left Glassboro State Teachers College (now Rowan University) and moved to New York City. She met photographer Robert Mapplethorpe there while working at a book store with a friend, poet Janet Hamill. Mapplethorpe's photographs of her became the covers for the Patti Smith Group LPs, and they remained friends until Mapplethorpe's death in 1989.[8] In 1969 she went to Paris with her sister and started busking and doing performance art.[5] When Smith returned to New York City, she lived in the Hotel Chelsea with Mapplethorpe; they frequented the fashionable Max's Kansas City and CBGB nightclubs. The same year Smith appeared with Wayne County in Jackie Curtis's play Femme Fatale. As a member of the St. Mark's Poetry Project, she spent the early '70s painting, writing, and performing. In 1971 she performed – for one night only – in Sam Shepard's Cowboy Mouth.[9] (The published play's notes call for "a man who looks like a coyote and a woman who looks like a crow".) She collaborated with Allen Lanier of Blue Öyster Cult, who recorded several of the songs to which Smith had contributed, including "Debbie Denise" (after her poem "In Remembrance of Debbie Denise"), "Career of Evil", "Fire of Unknown Origin", "The Revenge of Vera Gemini", and "Shooting Shark". During these years, Smith also wrote rock journalism, some of which was published in Rolling Stone and Creem magazines.[10]

[edit] 1974–1979: Patti Smith Group

Performing at Tivolis Koncertsal, Copenhagen, October 6, 1976

By 1974 Patti Smith was performing rock music herself, initially with guitarist and rock archivist Lenny Kaye, and later with a full band comprising Kaye, Ivan Kral on bass, Jay Dee Daugherty on drums and Richard Sohl, on piano. Ivan Kral was a refugee from Czechoslovakia, fleeing in 1968 after the fall of Alexander Dubček. Financed by Robert Mapplethorpe, the band recorded a first single, "Hey Joe / Piss Factory", in 1974. The A-side was a version of the rock standard with the addition of a spoken word piece about fugitive heiress Patty Hearst ("Patty Hearst, you're standing there in front of the Symbionese Liberation Army flag with your legs spread, I was wondering were you gettin' it every night from a black revolutionary man and his women...").[11] The B-side describes the helpless anger Smith had felt while working on a factory assembly line and the salvation she discovered in the form of a shoplifted book, the 19th century French poet Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations.[1]

Patti Smith Group was signed by Clive Davis of Arista Records, and 1975 saw the release of Smith's first album Horses, produced by John Cale amid some tension. The album fused punk rock and spoken poetry and begins with a cover of Van Morrison's "Gloria", and Smith's opening words: "Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine." The austere cover photograph by Mapplethorpe has become one of rock's classic images.[12] As Patti Smith Group toured the United States and Europe, punk's popularity grew. The rawer sound of the group's second album, Radio Ethiopia, reflected this. Considerably less accessible than Horses, Radio Ethiopia received poor reviews. However, several of its songs have stood the test of time, and Smith still performs them regularly in concert.[13] On January 23, 1977, while touring in support of the record, Smith accidentally danced off a high stage in Tampa, Florida and fell 15 feet into a concrete orchestra pit, breaking several neck vertebrae.[14] The injury required a period of rest and an intensive round of physical therapy, during which time she was able to reassess, re-energize and reorganize her life. Patti Smith Group produced two further albums before the end of the 1970s. Easter (1978) was her most commercially successful record, containing the single "Because the Night" co-written with Bruce Springsteen. Wave (1979) was less successful, although the songs "Frederick" and "Dancing Barefoot" both received commercial airplay.[15]

[edit] 1980–1995: Marriage

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Before the release of Wave, Smith, now separated from long-time partner Allen Lanier, met Fred "Sonic" Smith, former guitar player for Detroit rock band MC5 and his own Sonic's Rendezvous Band, who adored poetry as much as she did. (Wave's "Dancing Barefoot" and "Frederick" were both dedicated to him.[16]) The running joke at the time was that she only married Fred because she would not have to change her name.[17] They had a son, Jackson (b.1982), and later a daughter, Jesse (b.1987). Through most of the 1980s Patti Smith was in semi-retirement from music, living with her family north of Detroit in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. On June 1988 she released the album Dream of Life, which included the song "People Have the Power". Fred Smith died on November 4, 1994. Shortly afterward, Patti faced the unexpected death of her brother Todd [5] and original keyboard player Richard Sohl. When her son Jackson turned 14, Smith decided to move back to New York. After the impact of these deaths, her friends Michael Stipe of R.E.M. and Allen Ginsberg (whom she had known since her early years in New York) urged her to go back out on the road. She toured briefly with Bob Dylan in December 1995 (chronicled in a book of photographs by Stipe).[9]

[edit] 1996–2003: Re-emergence

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In 1996, Smith worked with her long-time colleagues to record the haunting Gone Again, featuring "About a Boy", a tribute to Kurt Cobain. Smith was a fan of Cobain, but was more angered than saddened by his suicide. That same year she collaborated with Stipe on "E-Bow the Letter," a song on R.E.M.'s New Adventures in Hi-Fi, which she has also performed live with the band.[18] After release of Gone Again, Patti Smith had recorded two new albums: Peace and Noise in 1997 (with the single "1959", about the invasion of Tibet) and Gung Ho in 2000 (with songs about Ho Chi Minh and Smith's late father). Songs "1959" and "Glitter in Their Eyes" were nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.[19] A box set of her work up to that time, The Patti Smith Masters, came out in 1996, and 2002 saw the release of Land (1975–2002), a two-CD compilation that includes a memorable cover of Prince's "When Doves Cry". Smith's solo art exhibition Strange Messenger was hosted at The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh on September 28, 2002.[20]

[edit] 2004–present

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TIM festival, Marina da Glória,

Rio de Janeiro, October 28, 2006

On April 27, 2004 Patti Smith released Trampin' which included several songs about motherhood, partly in tribute to Smith's mother, who had died two years before. Smith curated the Meltdown festival in London on June 25, 2005, the penultimate event being the first live performance of Horses in its entirety.[21] Guitarist Tom Verlaine took Oliver Ray's place. This live performance was released later in the year as Horses/Horses. In August 2005 Smith gave a literary lecture about the poems of Arthur Rimbaud and William Blake. On July 10, 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture.[3] In addition to her influence on rock music, the Minister also noted Smith's appreciation of Arthur Rimbaud. On October 15, 2006, Patti Smith performed at the CBGB nightclub, with a 3½-hour tour de force to close out Manhattan's music venue. She took the stage at 9:30 p.m. (EDT) and closed for the night (and forever for the venue) at a few minutes after 1:00 a.m., performing her song "Elegie", and finally reading a list of punk rock musicians and advocates who had died in the previous years.[22]

Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 12, 2007.[4] She dedicated her award to the memory of her late husband, Fred, and gave a performance of The Rolling Stones staple "Gimme Shelter." As the closing number of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, Smith's "People Have the Power" was used for the big celebrity jam that always ends the program.[23] From March 28 to June 22, 2008 the Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain in Paris hosted a major exhibition of the visual work of Patti Smith, Land 250, drawn from pieces created between 1967 and 2007.[24] At the 2008 Rowan Commencement ceremony, Smith received an honorary doctorate degree for her contributions to popular culture. Smith is the subject of a 2008 documentary film, Patti Smith: Dream of Life.[25] A live album by Patti Smith and Kevin Shields, The Coral Sea was released in July 2008.

[edit] Activism

Smith has been a supporter of the Green Party and backed Ralph Nader in the 2000 United States presidential election.[26] She led the crowd singing "Over the Rainbow" and "People Have the Power" at the campaign's rallies, and also performed at several of Nader's subsequent "Democracy Rising" events.[27] Smith was a speaker and singer at the first protests against the Iraq War organized by Louis Posner of Voter March on September 12, 2002, as U.S. President George W. Bush spoke to the United Nations General Assembly. [28] Smith supported Democratic candidate John Kerry in the 2004 election. Bruce Springsteen continued performing her "People Have the Power" at Vote for Change campaign events. In the winter of 2004/2005, Smith toured again with Nader in a series of rallies against the Iraq War and call for the impeachment of George W. Bush.[26]

Smith premiered two new protest songs in London in September 2006.[29] Louise Jury, writing in The Independent, characterized them as "an emotional indictment of American and Israeli foreign policy". Song "Qana"[mp3] was about the Israeli airstrike on the Lebanese village of Qana. "Without Chains"[mp3] is about Murat Kurnaz, a Turkish citizen who was born and raised in Germany, held at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp for four years. Jury's article quotes Smith as saying:

I wrote both these songs directly in response to events that I felt outraged about. These are injustices against children and the young men and women who are being incarcerated. I'm an American, I pay taxes in my name and they are giving millions and millions of dollars to a country such as Israel and cluster bombs and defense technology and those bombs were dropped on common citizens in Qana. It's terrible. It's a human rights violation.

In an interview, Smith stated that Kurnaz's family has contacted her and that she wrote a short preface for the book that he was writing.[30] Kurnaz's book, "Five Years of My Life," was published in English by Palgrave Macmillan in March 2008, with Patti's introduction.[31]

On March 26, 2003, ten days after Rachel Corrie's death, Smith appeared in Austin, Texas, and performed an anti-war concert. She prefaced her song "Wild Leaves" with the following comments and subsequently wrote a new song "Peaceable Kingdom" which was inspired by and is dedicated to Rachel Corrie.[32] She supported Barack Obama in the 2008 U.S. presidential election.[33]

[edit] Influence

Patti Smith has been a great source of inspiration for Michael Stipe of R.E.M. Listening to her album Horses when he was 15 made a huge impact on him. He said later: "I decided then that I was going to start a band."[34] In 1998, Stipe published a collection of photos called Two Times Intro: On the Road with Patti Smith. Stipe sings backing vocals on Smith's songs "Last Call" and "Glitter in Their Eyes". Patti also sings background vocals on R.E.M.'s "E-Bow the Letter".

In 2004, Shirley Manson of Garbage spoke of Smith's influence on her at Rolling Stone's issue "The Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time", in which Patti Smith was counted number 47.[35] The Smiths members Morrissey and Johnny Marr shared an appreciation for Smith's Horses, and their song "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" is a reworking of one of the album's tracks, "Kimberly".[36] Later, Morrissey did a cover of "Redondo Beach," another song from the same album.

In 2004, Sonic Youth released an album called Hidros 3 (to Patti Smith).[37] U2 also cites Patti Smith as influence.[38]

In 2005 Scottish singer-songwriter KT Tunstall released the single "Suddenly I See" as a tribute of sorts to Patti Smith. The lyrics describe Tunstall looking at Smith's picture in a magazine, admiring her fame and accomplishments and suddenly realizing what she wants to do with her life.[39] The cover of Tunstall's debut album Eye to the Telescope was also inspired by Smith, specifically the famous cover shot from her album Horses, of which Tunstall said: "I aspired to what this image was about - which was a woman dressed in man's clothes with such mystery, but such confidence and attitude and character. I just thought, 'that's so what I want to be when I grow up'."[40]

Canadian actress Ellen Page frequently mentions Smith as one of her idols and has done various photo shoots replicating famous Smith photos. She has said that the only time she's been truly star-struck was when she met Smith backstage at a concert in Europe and she has a dog named Patti in homage to Smith.[41] Because of Page's suggestions, Smith's work and name also factor prominently in two of Page's movies, Juno and The Tracey Fragments.

In 1978 and 1979, Gilda Radner portrayed a character called Candy Slice on Saturday Night Live based on Smith.

[edit] Band members

Bowery Ballroom, New York City, December 31, 2007

[edit] Discography

Main article: Patti Smith discography

Studio albums

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

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Patti Smith

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Patti Smith

Patti Smith au Provinssirock festival, Seinäjoki, Finlande 16 juin 2007

Nom

Naissance

Pays d’origine

Profession(s)

Genre(s)

Années actives

Label(s)

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Patti Smith, née Patricia Lee Smith le 30 décembre 1946 à Chicago, dans Illinois, aux États-Unis, est une musicienne et chanteuse de rock, poète, peintre et photographe américaine. Mariant la poésie Beat avec le garage rock des années 1960 et 1970, elle a été considérée comme la « marraine » du mouvement punk de la fin des années 1970.

Biographie [modifier]

Premières années [modifier]

Née à Chicago mais elle a grandi à Pitman, une petite ville située dans le sud du New Jersey. Son père, ancien danseur de claquettes, est employé de bureau dans une usine. Sa mère, qui a abandonné une carrière de chanteuse de jazz pour élever ses quatre enfants, est serveuse de restaurant. Sa mère appartenant aux Témoins de Jéhovah, elle reçoit une éducation très religieuse dont elle se détachera, adolescente, mais qui restera présente dans son œuvre. Elle est diplômée de la Deptford Township High School (équivalent du lycée) en 1964 mais, les finances modestes de sa famille ne lui permettant pas de fréquenter l'Université, elle doit travailler à l'usine pour payer ses études. Elle s’intéresse très tôt à la musique, écoutant notamment les Rolling Stones, The Velvet Underground, Jimi Hendrix ou James Brown.

1967–1973 : New York [modifier]

En 1967, Patti Smith quitte le Glassboro State Teachers College pour vivre à New York. Gagnant sa vie comme employée dans une librairie, elle y croise le photographe Robert Mapplethorpe, dont elle sera l'amie jusqu'à sa mort en 1989. Les photographies de Mapplethorpe figureront sur les pochettes de plusieurs de ses albums.

En 1969, elle se rend à Paris avec sa soeur, où elles jouent dans la rue pour subvenir à leurs ressources. De retour à New York, elle emménage avec Mapplethorpe au Chelsea Hotel, fréquentant notamment les célèbres clubs Max's Kansas City et le CBGB, qui seront plus tard parmi les hauts lieux de la naissance de la musique Punk.

Pendant la première partie des années 1970, Patti Smith pratique intensément la peinture, l'écriture, et se produit en tant qu'actrice, au sein du groupe de poètes "St Mark's Poetry Project". Elle travaille également avec Allen Lanier, du groupe Blue Öyster Cult, avec lequel elle co-écrit plusieurs chansons, dont "Debbie Denise" (adaptée de son poème "In Remembrance of Debbie Denise"), "Career of Evil", "Fire of Unknown Origin", "The Revenge of Vera Gemini", et "Shooting Shark". Elle fait aussi de la critique de rock, notamment pour le célèbre Creem Magazine.

1974–1979 : le Patti Smith Group [modifier]

À Copenhague en 1976

Dès le début des années 1970, Patti Smith s'est lancée elle-même dans la musique Rock, d'abord aux côtés du guitariste et journaliste Lenny Kaye, qui l'accompagna à la guitare lors d'un lecture à l’église St Mark de New York et avec qui elle forme un couple. Ils sont rejoints en 1974 par Ivan Kral (réfugié tchécoslovaque après le Printemps de Prague) à la basse, Jay Dee Daugherty à la batterie et Richard Sohl au piano, créant le Patti Smith Group. Avec l'aide financière de Robert Mapplethorpe, le groupe enregistre son premier simple, "Hey Joe / Piss Factory", en 1974. Sur la première face, le célèbre standard repris également par Jimi Hendrix est complété par une partie parlée écrite par Patti Smith.

Engagé sur le label Arista Records, le Patti Smith Group sort en 1975 son premier album, Horses, produit par John Cale, le violoniste du Velvet Underground. L'album commence par une reprise du "Gloria" des Them, accompagné d'une partie parlée qui clame que « Jésus est mort pour les péchés de quelqu'un... mais pas les miens » ("Jesus died for somebody's sins but not mine."). Influencé par le son du punk, qui a commencé à émerger en Angleterre et aux États-Unis, le second album du groupe, Radio Ethiopia se révèle moins accessible que le premier et ne remporte guère de succès, tant auprès du public que des critiques. Ce qui n'empêche pas Patti Smith de reprendre encore aujourd'hui certains de ses titres en concert.

Mais le 23 janvier 1977, Smith tombe accidentellement de scène durant un concert à Tampa, en Floride, se brisant plusieurs vertèbres sur le sol en béton de la fosse d'orchestre. Elle doit alors prendre une longue période de convalescence, qu'elle met à profit pour réorganiser son existence, produisant une musique que certains jugent assagie. Ce qui ne l'empêche pas de sortir deux albums supplémentaires avant la fin des années 1970, dont le premier, "Easter" (1978), contenant notamment le tube "Because the Night", coécrit avec Bruce Springsteen, remportera le plus grand succès commercial de sa carrière. Wave, sorti en 1979, obtiendra moins de succès, bien que plusieurs morceaux aient été largement joués en radio.

1980–1994 : retraite anticipée [modifier]

À la fin des années 1970, Patti Smith rencontre Fred "Sonic" Smith, guitariste du défunt groupe américain MC5, qui tourne à présent avec son Sonic's Rendezvous Band et partage notamment son amour de la poésie. Ils deviennent un couple et se marient, une facétieuse légende affirmant que Patti aurait choisi Fred pour ne pas avoir à changer son nom ! Mère d'un fils, Jackson, et plus tard d'une fille, Jesse, Smith se retire presque entièrement du monde de la musique pour élever ses enfants, n'enregistrant en près de 15 ans qu'un seul album, Dream of Life, sorti en 1988.

1994-2003 : le retour [modifier]

En 1994, la vie paisible de Patti Smith est brutalement interrompue par la mort de son époux Fred "Sonic" Smith, puis de son frère Todd et de son pianiste Richard Sohl. Elle tente de remettre de ces événements en retournant vivre à New York, puis, sur les conseils de ses amis Michael Stipe (du groupe R.E.M.) et Allen Ginsberg (elle avait rencontré le célèbre poète beat à la fin des années 1960), en remontant sur scène. Elle tourne ainsi brièvement aux côtés de Bob Dylan en décembre 1995.

Smith redémarre ensuite pleinement sa carrière de musicienne, sortant en 1996 l'album Gone Again, qui contient notamment "About a Boy", un hommage au chanteur Kurt Cobain, dont le suicide moins de deux ans plus tôt l'avait beaucoup atteinte. Elle collabore la même année à l'album New Adventures in Hi-Fi de R.E.M., avant d'enregistrer les albums Peace and Noise (1997), dont est extrait le single "1959" sur l'invasion du Tibet par la Chine, et "Gung Ho" (2000). Sortent également un coffret d'inédits (The Patti Smith Masters, 1996) et une compilation, Land (1975-2000). Ne se limitant pas à la musique, elle réalise en 2002 une exposition d'art, Strange Messanger, accueillie par le musée Andy Warhol de Pittsburg.

Depuis 2004 [modifier]

Patti Smith est depuis restée très active, sortant les albums Trampin’ (2004) et Twelve (2007), et se produisant régulièrement sur scène, chantant ses propres chansons ou donnant des lectures de poèmes d'Arthur Rimbaud et William Blake, comme ce fut le cas en 2005.

La même année, Patti Smith a reçu des mains du ministre français de la Culture la médaille de commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Elle est entrée en 2007 au Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, jouant pour l'occasion la chanson "Gimme Shelter" des Rolling Stones, et a reçu en 2008 un doctorat honoraire de l'université de Rowan, aux États-Unis, pour sa contribution à la culture populaire.

En ce qui concerne les arts visuels, la Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain a accueilli en 2008 à Paris une vaste exposition des oeuvres de Smith, intitulée "Land 250" et comprenant des pièces réalisées entre 1967 et 2007.

Enfin, en 2008, Patti Smith a été le sujet d'un film documentaire, Patti Smith: Dream of Life.

Activisme [modifier]

Patti Smith a à de nombreuses reprises utilisé son art et sa célébrité pour soutenir des causes politiques. Elle soutient notamment le "Green Party" américain et son candidat aux élections présidentielles Ralph Nader, participant à plusieurs événements organisés par le parti en chantant son morceau "People Have the Power". En 2004, Smith a également soutenu le candidat démocrate John Kerry.

Ses dernières années, la musicienne s'est inscrite contre la politique du gouvernement du président américain George W. Bush, tournant et participant à des manifestations réclamant la fin de la guerre en Irak et la destitution du président des États-Unis.

En décembre 2006, Patti Smith a présenté au public londonien deux nouvelles chansons, "Qana", du nom d'un village libanais détruit par des frappes aériennes israéliennes, et "Without Chains", à propos de Murat Kurnaz, un citoyen turc vivant en Allemagne depuis son enfance, enlevé et détenu depuis quatre ans dans le camp de prisonniers américain de Guantanamo Bay.

Discographie [modifier]

    • 1974 Hey Joe / Piss Factory (Single)

    • 1975 Horses (producteur : John Cale)

    • 1976 Radio Ethiopia (producteur : Jack Douglas)

    • 1978 Patti Smith Group, Easter (producteur : Jimmy Iovine)

    • 1979 Patti Smith Group, Wave (producteur : Todd Rundgren)

    • 1988 Dream Of Life (producteur : Fred Smith & Jimmy Iovine)

    • 1994 Exodus

    • 1996 Patti Smith Masters (Box)

    • 1996 Gone Again

    • 1997 Peace And Noise

    • 2000 Gung Ho

    • 2002 Land

    • 2004 Trampin'

    • 2005 Horses/Horses (double album célébrant le 30e anniversaire de Horses comprenant la réédition augmentée de l'album original et sa réinterprétation live au Royal festival hall de Londres le 25 juin 2005).

    • 2007 Twelve (Album de reprises)

    • 2008 The Coral Sea (Patti Smith & Kevin Shields, double album)

Bibliographie [modifier]

    • Patti Smith, Babel, New York 1977 (G. P. Putnam’s Sons), SBN: 399-12102-1

    • Patti Smith, Land 250, Paris 2008 (Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain), ISBN: 978-2-86925-080-2

Références [modifier]

Martin C. Strong, The Great Rock Discography, Édimbourg (Canongate Books Ltd.), 6e éd. 2002

Liens externes [modifier]

Wikimedia Commons propose des documents multimédia libres sur Patti Smith.

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