Setting up ORCA
ORCA 5.0 has been released and is the recommended version. There will be very little information about older versions here.
ORCA is available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms. ORCA is distributed from the main ORCA site. First, one needs to register as a user in the forum and log in. Once logged in, the ORCA Downloads site will be available.
The latest version of ORCA, version 5.0 (released July 2021) is the recommended version and can be accessed from the official website.
Information about the release in the ORCA Forum.
The ORCA 5.0 version is available as compressed archives (containing all executables) for Linux, Windows and Mac OSX. Installer programs for Windows and Mac OS X are also available. Note that only binaries are available, no source code. This has the advantage of requiring no compilation.
The archive should be extracted (or an installer program is used) and will then reveal a directory of the ORCA executables. The program then needs to be configured to work correctly from the command line.
Note that ORCA runs completely from the command line, there is no graphical user interface. Various visualizations programs that can be used with ORCA (to build molecular geometries and visualize results) can be found under Visualization and printing.
Only 64-bit binaries are available. A few 32-bit binaries are available for older ORCA versions.
Setting up ORCA for a single computer (serial)
Setting up ORCA on a computer typically involves downloading the binaries/installer program and then telling the command line environment of the operation system where ORCA is located (setting the PATH variable). Note that the path to the ORCA binaries should never contain spaces (i.e. no spaces allowed in directory names).
Installer programs:
For Windows and Mac OSX, installers are available that make the ORCA installation very easy.
The Mac OS X installer by default installs ORCA in the location: /Users/<username>/Library/Orca/
The Windows installer by default installs ORCA in the location: C:\Orca (can be changed but note that the pathname to ORCA should not contain spaces).
Once the installers have been run (or if you set things up manually like below) go to "Running ORCA from the command line" on this page.
ORCA_Configuration.pdfManual Windows configuration:
A slideshow that shows how to configure ORCA for a single computer (serial), for Windows, see above.
Manual quick and simple MAC OS X configuration:
1. Download ORCA binaries for Mac (not the installer). Extract archive, rename directory to "orca" and move to /Applications folder. Note: ORCA can in principle be anywhere but here we choose to put it in /Applications.
2. Open the Terminal Program (under /Applications/Utilities).
3. Paste the following text (environment variable setting) into the Terminal window and press Enter:
Mac OS 10.15 (Catalina) and newer:
echo 'export PATH="/Applications/orca:$PATH"; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/Applications/orca:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc; source ~/.zshrc
Older Mac OS versions:
echo 'export PATH="/Applications/orca:$PATH"; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/Applications/orca:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile; source ~/.bash_profile
Nothing will happen but now "orca" is available as a command in the command line.
Note: New Mac OS versions have a security feature that prevents ORCA and its subprograms from running directly. To override this feature , cd to the ORCA directory in the Terminal and run the following xattr command:
cd /Applications/orca
xattr -d com.apple.quarantine *
Manual quick and simple Linux configuration:
1. Download ORCA binaries for Linux. Extract archive, rename directory to "orca" and move to your user home folder (~).
2. Open a new Terminal window.
3. Paste the following text (environment variable setting) into the Terminal window and press Enter:
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/orca:$PATH"; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/orca:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile; source ~/.bash_profile
Nothing will happen but now "orca" is available as a command in the command line. Type 'which orca' in the shell to confirm that ORCA is now available in your path.If this did not work the first time, do not repeat but edit the ~/.bash_profile manually.
Note: It is possible that different Linux versions use different bash login files than .bash_profile, e.g. .bashrc or .profile. If you use another shell then bash then you must edit the respective shell configuration file instead (ZSH: .zshrc, TSH: .tcshrc)
Note: Some Linux distributions come with another program named ORCA installed (ORCA the screenreader). This may interfer with ORCA the QM program. Setting ORCA the QM program in the left part of the PATH variable should avoid this problem:
export PATH=$HOME/orca:$PATH
Ask in the ORCA forum if you have problems setting up ORCA. See parallel section below on how to set up ORCA for parallel (multi-core) calculations.
Running ORCA from the command line
Once ORCA is set up, the program is run from the command line (cmd program in Windows, Terminal program on Mac/Linux). ORCA does not have a graphical user interface.
Using the command line in Windows
Using the command line in Mac OS X
Using the command line in Linux
To quickly check if ORCA has been set up correctly, simply type "orca" in the command line window. You should receive the following message if ORCA has been set up correctly:
This program requires the name of a parameterfile as argument
For example ORCA TEST.INP
However, if you get some kind of message such as "orca: command not found", then ORCA is not in your $PATH and ORCA has not been set up correctly.
In order to start using ORCA for calculations you should first create a new directory where you want to work. This can be done through the command line (use the mkdir command) or through the regular operating system interface if preferred. You should then change to that directory in the command line window (cd command). ORCA is then generally run like this from the command line:
Mac/Linux:
orca inputfile.inp > output.out
Windows:
orca inputfile.txt > output.out
inputfile.inp/inputfile.txt is here an ORCA inputfile (can be named anything) created by the user (see example file below) that should be present in the working directory. The ">" character redirects the ORCA output to a new file, here called "output.out" (can be named anything). The inputfile needs to be in plain-text format and can be created using any text editor program that creates plain text. Do not use Microsoft Word! Also note that Windows automatically changes the filetype of text files to TXT so it is easiest to stick to txt as the file extension (typing dir in the command line will show you the actual name and extension of the file).
Text editors to use for creating ORCA inputfiles:
Windows: Use e.g. Notepad. Even better choice is the free Notepad++
Mac OS X: Use e.g. the TextEdit program but remember to change to Plain Text mode (Format menu -> Make Plain text). Or use any command-line editor like nano, vi, emacs etc.
Linux: Use e.g. TextEditor. Or use any command-line editor like nano, vi, emacs etc. or the X-windows client nedit.
Note that if you connect to a Linux/Unix computing cluster using SSH on your Windows/Mac/Linux machine, it makes most sense to learn how to use the command-line editors: nano, vi, emacs etc. or the X-windows client nedit.
Example ORCA inputfile on H2O (copy/paste the following into a new file called "inputfile.inp" (Mac/Linux) or inputfile.txt (Windows)):
! B3LYP def2-SVP Opt
# My first ORCA calculation
*xyz 0 1
O 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000
H 0.000000000 0.759337000 0.596043000
H 0.000000000 -0.759337000 0.596043000
*
See General input for more information on the format of the input file and rest of website for ORCA keywords in general. Use any text editor program to open the outputfile that contains the results of your calculation. Some programs like Chemcraft, Gabedit and Avogadro can additionally open ORCA outputfiles and visualise the results.
To run ORCA in the background (often convenient):
Windows:
start /b orca inputfile.inp > output.out
Mac/Linux:
orca inputfile.inp > output.out &
Setting up ORCA for a parallel environment
Setting up ORCA to run in parallel on multiple cores is only slightly more involved. Below are general guidelines. See ORCA manual for more information. Ask in the ORCA forum if you run into problems (after you have carefully read all the available information).
Important: You have to install the OpenMPI version that is recommended for the specific ORCA version, as shown in the description in the Download page.
You can install OpenMPI in any directory you have access to, e.g. your home directory (you do not need admin access to the computer/cluster).
Windows
See manual and release notes.
Mac OS X
1.) Install the correct OpenMPI version from openmpi.org
2.) Extract the orca binaries into some directory (using either the Mac OS X Archive Utility or command-line programs gunzip, tar -xvf or bunzip2.
3.) Set the PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH variables for BOTH Openmpi and ORCA, so they can be found, by editing the ~/.bashrc file .
4.) Run orca with the full path in the command line:
/full/path/to/orca/orca
Linux
1.) Install the correct OpenMPI version from openmpi.org
2.) Extract the orca binaries into some directory using the command-line programs gunzip, tar -xvf or bunzip2.
3.) Set the path variable for BOTH Openmpi and ORCA, so they can be found by editing the ~/.bashrc file.
4.) Run orca with the full path in the command line:
/full/path/to/orca/orca
Running ORCA in parallel
Note that when running ORCA in parallel, ORCA should NOT be started with mpirun: e.g. mpirun -np 4 orca etc. like many MPI programs. ORCA takes care of communicating with the OpenMPI interface on its own when needed (one just needs to make sure the OpenMPI binaries and libraries are made available as environmental settings).
Use the !PalX keyword in the inputfile to tell ORCA to start multiple processes. E.g. to start a 4-process job, the input file might look like this:
! B3LYP def2-SVP Opt PAL4
or using block input:
! B3LYP def2-SVP Opt
%pal
nprocs 4
end
The inputfile can then be run, calling ORCA by a full path (This is important so that ORCA can determine where all the different ORCA subprograms are):
/full/path/to/orca/orca test.inp
Note that usually parallel jobs are not started directly like this, but rather submitted to a queuing system like PBS using a job-script on a multi-node computing cluster. See later.
Top reasons for ORCA not working in parallel:
You did not launch orca with the full path! This is necessary in parallel mode so that ORCA will correctly find its executables.
You launched orca like this: mpirun -np X orca This should not be done. ORCA takes care of launching any mpirun commands on its own.
ORCA tried to launch the OpenMPI mpirun command but did not find it. Make sure that the OpenMPI bin directory is defined in $PATH.
OpenMPI did not find its libraries. Make sure that the OpenMPI library directory is defined in $LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
You have multiple OpenMPI versions or MPI software on the computer and the PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH variables have not been set consistently (perhaps ORCA tried to use mpirun from one MPI program but linked to the library files of another). Check this for example by adding "which mpirun" or "echo PATH; echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH" commands right before ORCA starts in your jobscript.
If you have multiple networks on the cluster, OpenMPI may display warning messages related to this:
[[6829,1],0]: A high-performance Open MPI point-to-point messaging module
was unable to find any relevant network interfaces:
Module: OpenFabrics (openib)
Host: cluster
Another transport will be used instead, although this may result in
lower performance.
To get rid of the warnings you can modify the MCA environment variable (typically set in a job-script, see below), e.g. like this:
export OMPI_MCA_btl=self,tcp,sm
For more information on this, see the OpenMPI FAQ.
Setting up a ORCA job-submit file for a queueing system (PBS,SLURM,SGE)
Job-submit scripts will of course differ according to the queueing system and each cluster will have different settings depending on how the cluster is run. Below are simple example files for PBS/Torque and SLURM:
job-orca-PBS.sh:
#!/bin/bash
#PBS -l nodes=1:ppn=8
#PBS -q short
# Usage of this script:
#qsub -N jobname job-orca.sh , where jobname is the name of your ORCA inputfile (jobname.inp) without the .inp extension
# Jobname below is set automatically when using "qsub -N jobname job-orca.sh ". Can alternatively be set manually here. Should be the name of the inputfile without extension (.inp or whatever).
export job=$PBS_JOBNAME
#Setting OPENMPI paths here:
export PATH=/users/home/user/openmpi/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/users/home/user/openmpi/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# Here giving the path to the ORCA binaries and giving communication protocol
export orcadir=/users/home/user/orca_4_0_1_linux_x86-64_openmpi202
export RSH_COMMAND="/usr/bin/ssh -x"
export PATH=$orcadir:$PATH
# Creating local scratch folder for the user on the computing node. /scratch directory must exist.
if [ ! -d /scratch/$USER ]
then
mkdir -p /scratch/$USER
fi
tdir=$(mktemp -d /scratch/$USER/orcajob__$PBS_JOBID-XXXX)
# Copy only the necessary files for ORCA from submit directory to scratch directory: inputfile, xyz-files, GBW-file etc.
# Add more here if needed.
cp $PBS_O_WORKDIR/*.inp $tdir/
cp $PBS_O_WORKDIR/*.gbw $tdir/
cp $PBS_O_WORKDIR/*.xyz $tdir/
cp $PBS_O_WORKDIR/*.hess $tdir/
cp $PBS_O_WORKDIR/*.pc $tdir/
# Creating nodefile in scratch
cat ${PBS_NODEFILE} > $tdir/$job.nodes
# cd to scratch
cd $tdir
# Copy job and node info to beginning of outputfile
echo "Job execution start: $(date)" >> $PBS_O_WORKDIR/$job.out
echo "Shared library path: $LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> $PBS_O_WORKDIR/$job.out
echo "PBS Job ID is: ${PBS_JOBID}" >> $PBS_O_WORKDIR/$job.out
echo "PBS Job name is: ${PBS_JOBNAME}" >> $PBS_O_WORKDIR/$job.out
cat $PBS_NODEFILE >> $PBS_O_WORKDIR/$job.out
#Start ORCA job. ORCA is started using full pathname (necessary for parallel execution). Output file is written directly to submit directory on frontnode.
$orcadir/orca $job.inp >> $PBS_O_WORKDIR/$job.out
# ORCA has finished here. Now copy important stuff back (xyz files, GBW files etc.). Add more here if needed.
cp $tdir/*.gbw $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.engrad $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.xyz $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.loc $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.qro $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.uno $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.unso $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.uco $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.hess $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.cis $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.dat $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.mp2nat $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.nat $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.scfp_fod $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.scfp $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.scfr $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*.nbo $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/FILE.47 $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*_property.txt $PBS_O_WORKDIR
cp $tdir/*spin* $PBS_O_WORKDIR
job-orca-SLURM.sh:
#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH -N 1
#SBATCH --tasks-per-node=8
#SBATCH --time=8760:00:00
#SBATCH -p compute
#SBATCH --error="%x.e%j"
#SBATCH --output="%x.o%j"
# Usage of this script:
#sbatch -J jobname job-orca-SLURM.sh , where jobname is the name of your ORCA inputfile (jobname.inp).
# Jobname below is set automatically when submitting like this: sbatch -J jobname job-orca.sh
#Can alternatively be set manually below. job variable should be the name of the inputfile without extension (.inp)
job=${SLURM_JOB_NAME}
job=$(echo ${job%%.*})
#Setting OPENMPI paths here:
export PATH=/users/home/user/openmpi/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/users/home/user/openmpi/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# Here giving the path to the ORCA binaries and giving communication protocol
#You can also load module here.
export orcadir=/path/to/orca
export RSH_COMMAND="/usr/bin/ssh -x"
export PATH=$orcadir:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$orcadir:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# Creating local scratch folder for the user on the computing node.
#Set the scratchlocation variable to the location of the local scratch, e.g. /scratch or /localscratch
export scratchlocation=/scratch
if [ ! -d $scratchlocation/$USER ]
then
mkdir -p $scratchlocation/$USER
fi
tdir=$(mktemp -d $scratchlocation/$USER/orcajob__$SLURM_JOB_ID-XXXX)
# Copy only the necessary stuff in submit directory to scratch directory. Add more here if needed.
cp $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/*.inp $tdir/
cp $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/*.gbw $tdir/
cp $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/*.xyz $tdir/
# Creating nodefile in scratch
echo $SLURM_NODELIST > $tdir/$job.nodes
# cd to scratch
cd $tdir
# Copy job and node info to beginning of outputfile
echo "Job execution start: $(date)" >> $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/$job.out
echo "Shared library path: $LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/$job.out
echo "Slurm Job ID is: ${SLURM_JOB_ID}" >> $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/$job.out
echo "Slurm Job name is: ${SLURM_JOB_NAME}" >> $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/$job.out
echo $SLURM_NODELIST >> $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/$job.out
#Start ORCA job. ORCA is started using full pathname (necessary for parallel execution). Output file is written directly to submit directory on frontnode.
$orcadir/orca $job.inp >> $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR/$job.out
# ORCA has finished here. Now copy important stuff back (xyz files, GBW files etc.). Add more here if needed.
cp $tdir/*.gbw $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.engrad $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.xyz $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.loc $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.qro $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.uno $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.unso $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.uco $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.hess $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.cis $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.dat $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.mp2nat $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.nat $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.scfp_fod $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.scfp $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.scfr $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*.nbo $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/FILE.47 $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*_property.txt $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR
cp $tdir/*spin* $SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR