Brainwave Entrainment or "brainwave synchronization" is any practice that aims to cause brainwave frequency to fall into step with a periodic stimulus having a frequency corresponding to the intended brain-state (for example to induce sleep) , usually attempted with the use of specialized software It purportedly depends upon a "frequency following" response on the assumption the brain has a tendency to change its' dominant EEG frequency of a dominant external stimulus Such a stimulus if often aural, as in the case of binaural or mononaural beats and isochronic tones, or else visual, as with a dreammachine, a combination of the two with a mind machine, or even electromagnetic radiation.
To get a little better understanding of sound and its possible effects on the human mind and body first it would be a good idea to try to understand the purpose of the technology not being well-intentioned, as in my situation. Proceeding thus the given information will be more easily adapted to the understanding of my pursuit for the research I have gathered.
The following list explains the most well-known brainwaves and their usual corresponding neural correlation:
Frequency Range Name Usually Associated With:
> 40Hz Gamma Wavess Higher mental activity, including perception, problem solving, fear,
and consciousness
13 to 40 Hz Beta Waves Active, busy or anxious thinking, anxious concentration, arousal, cognition
c 7 to 13 Hz Alpha Waves Relaxation (while awake), pre-sleep, pre-drowsiness
4 to 7 Hz Theta Waves Dreams and deep-meditation, REM sleep
< 4 Hz Delta Waves Deep dreamless sleep, loss of body awareness
In addition to lowering the brain wave frequency to relax the listener (or to raise it to help focusing) , there are other controversial, alledged uses for binaural beats. For example, that by using specific frequencies an individual can stimulate certain glands to produce desired hormones. These are just a very few of the uses and have been the main-stay since the 1950's. They have very little in comparison with the expanded knowledge afforded today with the development of neuroscience but have proved a reliable explanatory note to those unacquainted with the process of the Brainwave Entrainment technology. Later on in the book I will discuss the literally dozens of harmonics available for each organ of the body and their varying effects.
So, here on the evening of TWA Flight 800 was winging its way to New York City, I lay on my bed hoping for a good film to come on not even having had time to check the TV guide....the book I was reading in my hand for comfort during the endless commercials of the evening news and Billy (our Siamese) and Daisy (our Tabby) reclining happily also on the bed purring....They were always so happy when we stopped rushing around and they could lie down with us....Daisy's soft velvet furry head on my foot and Billy's majestic Siamese head on the other pillow opening one eye once in a while when I would reach for the remote control to change the television channel, to make sure I wasn't moving too much...I always make sure the remote controls are a certain distance from us....they can prove a health risk too close to the body....and we didn't have a color television because we thought it might be dangerous....my eyes are blue and there are reports that color television can make eyes tired...especially those with light sensitivity.....and we never found a good buy on one up to that time....probably this more than the former the former however being be a good condolence. But most of all, we never really had the time to watch television....from 8 in the morning until 12 to 2 am everyday we were at the studio or workshop or busy making deliveries.....I would watch CNN on the small black and white tv which could sit on the drawing table as I sewed buttons and typed labels......
Billy, comforted by the fact that these were the only minimal movements, closed his eyes again and stretched his front legs and let out a big sigh...he was going on his 13th year....I could hear the tavernas begin to welcome thier dinner guests....there was no traffic to be recognized - the streets being so small, one-way. ther was a similar collection of voices though, similar to the voices at our old flat....raucus....partying....non-stop.....I just, always something...just something not right........
A collection of voices similar to our old flat....raucus....partying....non-stop. I just thought they were a club or something...But now that I think of it everynight?...mostly Saturdays being the most boisterous....anyway with what was going on here I couldn't be snared in the semantics of who or what, where or when or why for that matter...the point was to let go and observe...and I observed this group's noise....I isolated it and could easily distinguish it from the tavernas...the neighbor next door...and the woman upstairs and her evening company....from the television...and my thoughts concerning my book....the voice of "tessera cats" would bellow....and I picked it up on the air (ether-atmosphere)....bellowing....bellowing...once I traversed the area of picking up this bellowing...the voices of the partying group would begin to accept the transmission and go into an auto-suggestive mode...relaying on how I was trying to perceive what they were doing...but primarily circumventing the area as in an observing manner....There were two major developments to this monitoring. One, to pick up the transmission of the "τεσσερα γατες", being then showed clearly on the remote fMRI scanning receptor and (2) remote fMRI scanning being mapped, an entry point of positive identification is established between receiver and the transmitter. Once this map is identified the transmitter can wait for an overlay and realize the point of entry is re-established and the go-ahead for the transmission process can begin...the channel is unobscured..
Up to this point in time...the perpetrators of this "guidance system" had succesfully completed contact. I would search the "air" for the "tessera cats"....find the voice and begin to hear them relaying EXACTLY what I was doing...this was because they were violently irritated that I would remain in a passive state...to see what they would say...I would just repeat what I would hear...I would connect to their on-line monitoring. They would say ; "Oh, she's in that passive state again......." I would move my eyes to the right....and would think "Oh, she's in that passive state again." The voice would say, "She moves her eyes to the right, and she's in a passive mode." This would continue for about 5 or 10 minutes becoming quite boring....Then the voice would snidely say, "Do I detect a little irritation?" This continued until I fell asleep about an hour later....with "τεσσερα γατες". "τεσσερα γατες". "τεσσερα γατες" resounding in my cortical tissue.
When I opened my eyes, the television was on.....it was dark and Tom was sitting on the front of the bed. He said, "Look at that!", I said, "What are you doing....What time is it?" It was cool and smelled like early morning in the garden...I said, "What did you say?" because it was obvious I would get no answer from him.....whenever I asked him anything now it was like I was a non-entity...it went right through him as if I said nothing....He said, "Did you see that?"....I couldn't believe he had the tv on that early....he never turned it on like this....we were always sleeping for some reason he woke up and felt like turning it on.....I hadn't heard him come in last night nor gave a turn as he fell asleep....both of us being so tired from a heavy schedule and the heat. "Look at that!....the plane my girlfriend was on.....it crashed!" I thought I heard him correctly....I didn't have my glasses on....but it was unusually bright in the bedroom....like there was a lamp on....it was the fire...the fire of the remains of TWA's Flight 800....I immediately felt the need to go to the bathroom...as I was felt I was going to vomit.....I could hear a helicopter sound...muffled...coming from the live transmission and the translation of Greek over the reporter who was reporting in English....holding my stomach I turned over and looked at the small portable television screen...giving myself time to hold on to something...like writiing, the small portable television screen giving me time to write slowly and surely how it felt to understand what had happened. We did not at this time know whether TWA Flight 800 had landed or not as we later learned that it had and then taken off on its schedue flight from New York to Paris. There was no one to call...as I had not wanted to alarm people now about these voices I was experiencing after having to experience our car explosion with us. .I would not call my girlfriend's husband...I would wait for him to call us....the nausea was really becoming almost overwhelming now. .... I knew I wouldn't get up because I could never make it to the bathroom....I don't think I fell asleep...just sort of lost consciousness...andd when I opened my eyes again...the light in the room was the sun. I heard Tom in the kitchen...Billy, Buddha (our female Angora) and Red (our male Tiger cat) having taken his space next to me....the television was on...but my nausea was gone.....as a matter of fact I didn't recall the nausea at all...until Tom came back into the bedroom and said, "Did you see that?" Then the electrical currents came floodlighting into my memory ducts...My immediate thought was that I had dreamt it and it was the dream I was recalling....then a few seconds later this elimination process was complete and the nausea came pouring back...I couldn't move...it was 10:30 am...Tom turned up the volume on the television and the Greek station was giving flight information as to the time of the crash...day...where. Tom said it had crashed on the way to Paris from New York.. Full of passengers...a few minutes into the flight, so close to New York City...Questions...so many questions would need to be answered. One very important question had been answered this morning for me...my girlfriend and her daughter were on their way to San Francisco..having made their connection in Chicago.
The following month presented itself with enough difficulties. The news everyday on the recovery of the remains of TWA Flight 800 was everywhere. It had become of prime interest to Europe because there were so many people from France on the plane Destined for arrival in Paris at the Charles de Gualle Airport, Trans World Airlines flight 800, a Boeing 747-131, N93119, crashed on July 17, 1996, about 20:31 EDT (oo:31, July 18, UTC) in the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. On the day of the crash the airplane departed Athens, Greece, as Flight 881, and arrived at the gate at JFK about 16:38. Upon arrival at JFK there was a crew change, and the aircraft was refueled. TWA Flight 800 was scheduled to depart JFK for CDG around 19:00, but the flight was delayed for just over an hour due to a disabled piece of ground equipment and a passenger/baggage mismatch. After it was confirmed the owner of the baggage in question was on board, the flight crew prepared for departure, and the aircraft with two pilots, two flight engineers, 14 flight attendents, and 212 passengers on board pushed back from the gate about 20:02 (8:02). The flight departed John F. Kennedy Airport at about 20:19. The recorded transmission from the Cockpit Voive Recorder (CVR) and Flight Data Recorder (FDR) both indicated a normal departure from JFK. The last radio transmission from Flight 800 occurred at 20:30 having already received and then acknowledged instructions from Boston 'Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) to proceed to 15,000 feet at which time the CVR and FDR both abruptly stopped recording date at 20:31:12. This was also the same as the last recorded transponder return from the airplane recorded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) radar site at Trevose, Pennsylvania.
The Captain's CVR channel showed two "dropouts" of background power harmonics in the second before the recording ended (with the separation of the nose). This might as well be the signature of an arc on cockpit wiring adjacent to the Feul Quantity Indication System, FQIS. The captain commented on the "crazy" readings of the number 4 engine fuel flow guage about 2-1/2 minutes before the CVR recording ended. Finally, the Center Wing Tank fuel quantity gage was recovered and indicated 640 pounds instead of the 300 pounds which was loaded into the tank. Experiments shwed that applying power to a wire leading to the fuel quantity guage can cause the digital display to change by several hundred pounds before a circuit breaker trips.Thus the guage anomaly could have been caused by a short to the FQIS wiring. The NTSB concluded that the most likely source of sufficient voltage to cause ignition was a short from damaged wiring, or within electrical components of the FQIS. As all the components were not recovered, it is not possible to pin-point the source of the necessary voltage.
The Federal Aviation Association (FAA) and airplane manufacturers had assumed that a flammable fuel/air mixture would exist at all times in fuel tanks. And some airlines choose to fly on lower than usual fuel to save costs increasing the danger risks. Airplane designers attempt to eliminate all possible sources of ignition in the fuel tanks by primarily ensuring voltages and currents being used by the fuel quantity indication system are very small, and to protect all devices from intrusion of vapor. In the case of the 747-100 series, the only wiring located inside the CWT is wiring associated with the Fuel Quality Indication System. A fault tree analysis of possible ignition mechanisms in the CWT was not performed pr required in December 1969 when the 747-100 series was certified by the FAA. Now, the NTSB would analyze the probability of an FQIS wiring fault producing an ignition source in the CWT with the results being a 1x10(-6) events per hour. Regulartory guidelines would later be adopted in April 1970 by the FAA required probabilities of such failure to be les than 1x10(-9) this was concluded as being "extremely improbable" and not anticipated to occur during the entire operational lifetime of all airplanes of one type). The review of Boeing's fault tree analysis by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) resulted in strong criticism of the accuracy of their results summarising its own investigation by stating the fault tree analysis quantifications "could not possibly stand up to review and should not be viewed as realistic". Further study by MSFC personnel indicated that probability of ignition through the FQIS wiring system.
The possibility of whether a fuel/air vapor explosion in the CWT would generate enough force to break apart the CWT and cause the destruction of the airplane was at question. com,puter modeling and quarter-scale experiments using models of the CWT were ised to investigate the mechanics of a CWT explosion. During these experiments "quenching" of explosions within the CWT was observed, where the internal structure of the multi-compartment fuel tank did not allow for explosions to develop with enough force to cause the expected damage. Additional computer studies were conducted, and in July and August of 1997, using an out of service 747 at Bruntingthorpe Airfield, England, tests simulated a fuel /air explosion in the CWT' by igniting a propane/air mixture. These tests resulted in the failure of the CWT structure due to excessive pressure. The NTSB acknowledged that these test conditions were not only fully comparable to the conditions that existed on TWA 800 at the time of the accident but previous accidents involving CWT explosions of Jet A fuel, notably Avianca Flight 203 and Philippine Airlines Flight 143 led the NTSB to conclude "On the basis of the accident airplane's breakup sequence; wreckage damage characteristics, scientific tests and research on fuels, fuel tank explosions, and the conditions in the CWT at the time of the accident; and analysis of witness information, the Safety Board concludes that the TWA Flight 800 in-flight breakup was initiated by a fuel/air explosion in the CWT.
The tests recreating the conditions of the flight showed temperatures of the fuel/air vapor in the CWT ranging from 101 to 127 degrees F. (38 to 53 degrees C) while Jet-A fuel/air vapors under the same conditions as the flight were flammable at temperatures as low as 96.4 degrees Fahrenheit (35,8 degrees Centigrade).
Flight 800 had been delayed for 2 1/2 hours on July 17. the air-conditioning packs are located beneath the CWT and the air-conditioning system had been operating during this delay. My girfriend continually expresed how freezing the airplane had been, the air-conditioning seeming to be at the lowest possible reulation the whole duration of the flight. It had been so hot in Athens and never expecting the plane to be that cold they didn't even have sweaters with them. Her daughter had to use a blanket. Their seats were close to where the explosion occurred. My friend asked the stewardesses several times if they could possibly fix the air-conditioner because it was so cold. They were repeatedly told that there was somethng wrong with it and there was nothing they could do to alter the temperature.
A turbine in the air-cnditioning packs beneath the CWT was considered another potential source of ignition for the explosion in the CWT. An alternative theory is an electric short in the center main fuel tank's scavenge pump, or the wiring to the scavenge pump. this scavenge pump removed the last 50 gals of ullage Jet-A from the CMT to the number two (left main wing) tank. This transfer of fuel isnormally done between 10,000' and 15,000' with the center main tank empty on takeoff, or when the center fuel tank is run dry with the four center main fuel tank override/jettison pumps (2FWD, 2AFT). The scavenge pump from TWA Flight 800 has not been recovered.