Multiphoton Imaging

We have demonstrated a straightforward and noninvasive method to identify the distribution of grana and starch within an intact leaf. By merging the 2PF and SHG images, grana, starch and stroma thylakoid can be visually distinguished. This approach can be extended to the observation of 3D grana distribution and their dynamics in living plants.

M. Y. Chen, G. Y. Zhuo, K. C. Chen, P. C. Wu, T. Y. Hsieh, T. M. Liu, and S. W. Chu, "Multiphoton imaging to identify grana, stroma thylakoid, and starch inside an intact leaf," BMC Plant Biology 14, 175 (2014).