Publications

Google Citations

Peer-reviewed Journals:

1. N. Nicolaou, C. Nicolaou, P. Nicolaou, P. Nicolaides, A. Papageorgiou, 'Development of a leadership and management module for the undergraduate medical curriculum', BMC Medical Education, 24(1):1310, 2024; doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06004-x 

2. C.A. Demetriou, S. Achilleos, A. Quattrocchi, J. Gabel, E. Critselis, C. Constantinou, N. Nicolaou, et al., 'Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on total, sex- and age-specific all-cause mortality in 20 countries worldwide during 2020: results from the C-MOR Project', International Journal of Epidemiology, 52(3):664-76, 2023; doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac170 

3. H. Abdalbari, M. Durrani, S. Pancholi, N. Patel, S.J. Nasuto, N. Nicolaou, 'Brain and brain-heart Granger Causality during wakefulness and sleep', Frontiers in Neuroscience - Sec. Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, 16:927111, 2022; doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.927111. 

4. S. Loizou, N. Nicolaou, B.A. Pincus, A. Papageorgiou, P. McCrorie, 'Concept maps as a novel assessment tool in medical education', MedEdPublish, 12:21, 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.12688/mep.19036.2 

5. S. Adama, S-J. Wu, N. Nicolaou, M. Bogdan, 'Extendable Hybrid Approach to Detect Conscious States in a CLIS Patient Using Machine Learning', Simulation Notes Europe, 32(1):37-45, 2022; doi: 10.11128/sne.32.tn.10596 

6. M.P. Ugarte, S. Achilleos, A. Quattrocchi, J. Gabel, O. Kolokotroni, C. Constantinou, N. Nicolaou, et al., 'Premature mortality attributable to COVID-19: potential years of life lost in 17 countries around the world, January–August 2020', BMC Public Health, 22(1):54, 2022; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12377-1   

7. S. Achilleos, A. Quattrocchi, J. Gabel, A. Heraclides, O. Kolokotroni, C. Constantinou, M.P. Ugarte, N. Nicolaou, et al., 'Excess all-cause mortality and COVID-19-related mortality: a temporal analysis in 22 countries, from January until August 2020', International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(1):35-53, 2022; doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab123 

8. S.-J. Wu, N. Nicolaou, M. Bogdan, 'Consciousness Detection in a Complete Locked-in Syndrome Patient through Multiscale Approach Analysis', Entropy, 22(12):1411, 2020; doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/e22121411 

9. S. Stefani, I. Kousiappa, N. Nicolaou, E.S. Papathanasiou, A. Oulas, P. Fanis, V. Neocleous, L.A. Phylactou, G.M. Spyrou, S.P. Papacostas, 'Neurophysiological and Genetic Findings in Patients With Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy', Front. Integr. Neurosci., 14:45, 2020; doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2020.00045  

10. I. Daly, N. Nicolaou, D. Williams, F. Hwang, A. Kirke, E. Miranda, S.J. Nasuto, 'Neural and physiological data from participants listening to affective music', Scientific Data, 7:177, 2020; doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0507-6 

11. E. Kong, N. Nicolaou, M. Vizcaychipi, 'A systematic review of haemodynamic stability of closed-loop anaesthesia systems', Minerva Anestesiologica, October 2019; doi: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0375-9393.19.13927-2.

12. M. Ardissino, N. Nicolaou, M. Vizcaychipi, 'Non-invasive real-time autonomic function characterization during surgery via continuous Poincaré quantification of heart rate variability', Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, October 2018; doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-018-0206-4.

13. N. Nicolaou, A. Malik, I. Daly, J. Weaver, F. Hwang, A. Kirke, E.B. Roesch, D. Williams, E.R. Miranda and S.J. Nasuto, 'Directed motor-auditory EEG connectivity is modulated by music tempo', Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, October 2017; doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00502.

14. N. Nicolaou, and T. Constandinou, 'A nonlinear causality estimator based on Non-Parametric Multiplicative Regression', frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 10(19), 2016.

15. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Spatial Analytic Phase Difference of EEG activity during anesthetic-induced unconsciousness', Clinical Neurophysiology, 125(10):2122-2131, 2014.

16. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Neural Network based classification of anesthesia / awareness using Granger Causality features', Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 45(2):77-88, 2014

17. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Global Field Synchrony during general anaesthesia', British Journal of Anaesthesia, 112(3):529-539, 2014

18. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'The study of EEG dynamics during anesthesia with Cross-Recurrence Rate', Cureus, 6(8):e195, 2014

19. I. Daly, N. Nicolaou, S.J. Nasuto, and K. Warwick, 'Automated artifact correction; a comparative study', Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 44(4):291-306, 2013

20. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, P. Alexandrou, and J. Georgiou, 'EEG-Based automatic classification of ‘awake’ vs ‘anesthetized’ state in general anaesthesia using Granger Causality', PLoS ONE, 7(3):e33869, 22 March 2012.

21. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, P. Alexandrou, and J. Georgiou, 'Permutation Entropy: a reliable measure for automatic monitoring of anesthetic depth during surgery?', Engineering Intelligent Systems Journal, Special Issue: Timely developments in Artificial Intelligence Applications, L. Iliadis, I. Maglogiannis (eds.), 20(1/2):1-10, 2012.

22. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Detection of epileptic electroencephalogram based on Permutation Entropy and Support Vector Machines’, Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1):202-209, 2012

23. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'The use of Permutation Entropy to Characterize Sleep Electroencephalograms’, Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 42(1):24-28, 2011

24. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Automatic artefact removal from event-related potentials via clustering’, Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 48(1-2):173-183, August 2007

25. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Comment on “Performance of different synchronisation measures in real data: A case study on electroencephalographic signals’, Physical Review E, 72(6 Pt.1):063901, December 2005

Book chapters

1. I. Stavraki, N. Nicolaou, M.P. Vizcaychipi, 'Electrophysiology and consciousness: a review', in Applications of Machine Learning in Digital Healthcare, M. Hernandez Silveira, S-S. Ang (eds.), Healthcare Technology series 36, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, Chapter 5, pp.163-95, 2022; ISBN-13: 978-1-83953-335-8

2. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Autoregressive model order estimation criteria for monitoring awareness during anaesthesia', IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, H. Papadopoulos, A. Andreou, L. Iliadis, and I. Maglogiannis (eds.), Springer Berlin Heideberg, 412:71-80, 2013.

3. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, P. Alexandrou, and J. Georgiou, ‘Permutation Entropy for discriminating ‘conscious’ and ‘unconscious’ state in general anaesthesia’, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Engineering Applications of Neural Networks, L. Iliadis, and C. Jayne (eds.), Springer Boston, 363: 280-288. (Procs. of EANN 2011, Corfu, Greece, 15-18 Sept).

4. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, ‘Towards a Morse Code-Based Non-invasive Though-to-Speech Converter’, Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, A. Fred, J. Filipe, H. Gamboa (eds.), Communications in Computer and Information Science, 25(Pt 2):123-135, 2009, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Peer-reviewed Conferences and Abstracts:

1. D. Toumazi, C. Charalambous, C. Constantinou, N. Nicolaou, 'From gut to glioma: microbiota-driven modulation of immune and tumour microenvironment in glioblastoma', (oral presentation), 13th Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods Conference, Rome, Italy, 14-16 Sept. 2025, p.39; Book of Abstracts: https://probiotics-prebiotics-newfood.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Scientific-Programme2025.pdf 

2. B. Dikengil, A. Pavlou, N. Nicolaou, 'The Brain on the Witness Stand: Investigating Implicit Memory Recall in Crime Witnesses', (poster presentation), in Procs. 25th Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology Eurocrim2025, Athens, Greece, 3-6 Sept. 2025 (P110, p.187); Book of Abstracts: https://eurocrim2025.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Book-of-abstracts-V1-Eurocrim2025.pdf 

3. N. Nicolaou, P. Andreou, M. Perdikogianni, A. Papageorgiou, 'Comparing OSCE Performance in Medical Students Trained Online Versus Face-to-Face During the COVID-19 Era', 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Educational Assessment – Europe (AEA'24), Paphos, Cyprus, 6-9 Nov, p.54; Book of Abstracts: https://2024.aea-europe.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AEA-E_2024_SimpleAbstracts_06.11.2024_12.51.pdf 

4. S. Angeli, I. Kousiappa, S. Georgiades, S. Papacostas, A. Koupparis, Y. Christou, A. Adamou, B. Botchway, G. Loucaides, G. Alexandrou, S. Bashiardes, A. Hadjisavvas, M. Panagiotidis, A. Jovanovic, N. Nicolaou, 'Changes in autonomic nervous system function following administration of probiotics in mild Alzheimer’s patients', FENS Forum 2024, Vienna, Austria, 25-29 June, 2024; Abstract: https://fens2024.abstractserver.com/program/#/details/presentations/4831 

5. S. Angeli, I. Kousiappa, S. Georgiades, S. Papacostas, A. Koupparis, Y. Christou, G. Loucaides, S. Bashiardes, A. Hadjisavvas, M. Panagiotidis, A. Jovanovic, N. Nicolaou, 'Effect of probiotics on autonomic nervous system function of patients with mild Alzheimer's Disease', 12th PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS & NEW FOODS, NUTRACEUTICALS AND BOTANICALS for Nutrition & Human and Microbiota Health Conference, Rome, Italy, 16-19 Sept 2023, p.60; Book of Abstracts: https://www.emec-roma.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Pogramme-web-07092023.pdf 

6. Y. Kordi, N. Nicolaou, 'Effect of sevoflurane on cardiovascular activity at maintenance and emergence from anesthesia during surgery', (oral presentation), 2022 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG 2022), Florence, Italy, 18-20 July, 2022, pp.67-8; Book of Abstracts: https://compeng2022.ino.cnr.it/scientific-program/ 

7. C.A. Demetriou, S. Achilleos, A. Quattrocchi, J. Gabel, A. Heraclides, O. Kolokotroni, C. Constantinou, M. Pagola Ugarte, N. Nicolaou, J.M. Rodriguez-Llanes, 'Excess all-cause mortality from January to August 2020: a temporal analysis in 20 countries', (oral presentation), European Journal of Public Health, Volume 31, Issue Supplement_3, October 2021, ckab164.553. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.553 

8. S. Achilleos, M. Pagola Ugarte, A. Quattrocchi, J. Gabel, O. Kolokotroni, C. Constantinou, N. Nicolaou, J.M. Rodriguez-Llanes, C.A. Demetriou, 'Potential life years lost to COVID-19 in 17 countries during the pandemic period, up to August 2020', (oral presentation), European Journal of Public Health, Volume 31, Issue Supplement_3, October 2021, ckab164.550. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.550 

9. V.S. Adama, S.-J. Wu, N. Nicolaou, M. Bogdan, 'Extendable Hybrid approach to detect conscious states in a CLIS patient using machine learning', in Proc. 10th Eurosim Congress 2019, La Rioja, Spain, 1-5 July 2019.

10. A. Papageorgiou, N. Nicolaou, C. Constantinou, O. Kolokotroni, S. Georgiades, A. Ioannides, 'A tool to identify and support medical students who are high achievers in the basic sciences and lower performers in the OSCE', in Proc. AMEE 2019, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 August, 2019.

11. E. Kong, N. Nicolaou, M. Vizcaychipi, 'Haemodynamic stability of closed-loop anaesthesia systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis', The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland Winter Scientific Meeting (AAGI WSM 2019), London, UK, 9-11 January, 2019.

12. M. Ardissino, N. Nicolaou, M. Vizcaychipi, 'Age-dependent changes in the autonomic nervous system during anesthesia: a non-linear, geometrical analysis using heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic function', Intensive Care Society State of the Art 2017, Liverpool, UK, 4-6 Dec. 2017.

13. M. Ardissino, N. Nicolaou, M. Vizcaychipi, 'Autonomic nervous system function during anaesthesia: an assessment of the clinical applications of a novel real-time monitoring tool', National Interscalators Conference 2017, Cardiff, UK, 28 Oct. 2017.

14. N. Nicolaou, and T. Constandinou, 'Phase-amplitude coupling during propofol-induced sedation', in Proc. 10th FENS Forum of Neuroscience, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2-6 July, 2016.

15. T. Lauteslager, N. Nicolaou, T.S. Lande, and T. Constandinou, 'Functional neuroimaging using UWB impulse radar: A feasibility study', in Proc. IEEE BioCAS 2015, Atlanta, GA, 22-24 Oct., pp. 1-4.

16. E. Demarchou, N. Nicolaou, J. Georgiou, and T. Constandinou, 'Anesthetic-induced changes in EEG activity: a graph theoretical approach', in Proc. IEEE BioCAS 2014, Lausanne, Switzerland, 22-24 Oct. pp. 45-48.

17. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Towards automatic sleep staging via Cross-Recurrence Rate of EEG and ECG activity', in Proc. IEEE BioCAS 2013, 31 Oct. - 2 Nov., Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp.198-201.

18. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Monitoring depth of hypnosis under propofol general anaesthesia: Granger Causality and Hidden Markov Models', in Proc. Neurotechnix (special session: BrainRehab), 18-20 Sept. 2013, Villamura, Portugal.

19. G. Garreau, N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Individual classification through autoregressive modelling of micro-Doppler signatures', in Proc. IEEE BioCAS 2012, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 28-30 Nov, pp.312-315.

20. N. Nicolaou, A. Dionysiou, and J. Georgiou, 'Temporal dynamics of EEG during anesthesia', in Proc. 12th IEEE BIBE 2012, Larnaca, Cyprus, 11-13 Nov. pp. 288-291.

21. Ν. Νικολάου, Σ. Χούρρης, Π. Αλεξάνδρου, και Ι. Γεωργίου, "Παρακολούθηση εγρήγορσης κατά τη διάρκεια αναισθητοποίησης", 12ο Συνέδριο Αναισθησιολογίας και Εντατικής Ιατρικής, Θεσσαλονίκη, Ελλάδα, 27-30 Σεπτ., 2012.

22. G. Garreau, N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, 'Autoregressive Modelling for person classification using micro-Doppler signatures'. 5th CWSPI, Nicosia, Cyprus, 10 July, 2012, p.21.

23. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, P. Alexandrou, and J. Georgiou, 'Cross-Recurrence Rate for discriminating 'conscious' and 'unconscious' state in propofol general anesthesia', in Proc. BioCAS 2011, San Diego, USA, 10-12 Nov. pp.416-419.

24. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, P. Alexandrou, and J. Georgiou, ‘Entropy measures for discrimination of ‘awake’ Vs ‘anesthetized’ state in recovery from general anaesthesia’, in Proc. EMBC 2011, Boston, USA. 30 Aug – 3 Sept. pp. 2598-2601.

25. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, and J. Georgiou, ‘Discrimination of ‘awake’ and ‘anesthetized’ state in propofol general anaesthesia’, 4th CWSPI, Nicosia, Cyprus, 14 July, 2011, p.14

26. G. Garreau, N. Nicolaou, C. Andreou, C. D’Urball, G. Stuarts, and J. Georgiou, ‘Computationally efficient classification of human transport mode using micro-Doppler signatures’, in Proc. 45th Annual Conf. on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 2011), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. 23-25 March.

27. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, P. Alexandrou, and J. Georgiou, ‘Using Granger Causality to characterise bidirectional interactions in the human brain during induction of anaesthesia’, in Proc. BIOSIGNALS 2011, Rome, Italy, 26-29 January

28. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, ‘Permutation Entropy: a new feature for Brain-Computer Interfaces’, in Proc. BIOCAS 2010, Paphos, Cyprus, 3-5 November. pp.49-52

29. P. Demosthenous, N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, ‘A Hardware-efficient Lowpass filter design for biomedical applications’, in Proc. BIOCAS 2010, Paphos, Cyprus, 3-5 November. pp.130-133

30. N. Nicolaou, S. Houris, and J. Georgiou, ‘The use of Granger Causality for the characterisation of bidirectional interactions of human brain activity during induction of general anaesthesia’, 3rd CWSPI, Nicosia, Cyprus, 15 July, 2010, p.26

31. S. Petroudi, N. Nicolaou, J. Georgiou, and M. Brady, ‘Breast abnormality detection incorporating breast density information based on Independent Component Analysis’, in Proc. IWDM 2008, E.A. Krupinski (ed.): LNCS 5116, pp.667-673

32. N. Nicolaou, S. Petroudi, J. Georgiou, M. Polycarpou, and M. Brady, ‘Digital mammography: towards pectoral muscle removal via Independent Component Analysis’, in Proc. MEDSIP 2008, Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy, 14-16 July

33. N. Nicolaou, and J. Georgiou, ‘Unsupervised classification for Brain-Computer Interfaces’, 1st CWSPI, Nicosia, Cyprus, 8 July, 2008, p.16

34. N. Nicolaou, S.J. Nasuto, and J. Georgiou, ‘Single-trial Event-related potential analysis for Brain-Computer Interfaces’, in Proc. AISB 2008, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1-4 April. Vol. 5, pp.13-18

35. N. Nicolaou, J. Georgiou, and M. Polycarpou, ‘Autoregressive features for a thought-to-speech converter’, in Proc. BIODEVICES 2008, Funchal, Madeira, 28-31 January, 2008

36. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Robustness of Mutual Information to inter-subject variability for automatic artefact removal from EEG’, in Proc. EMBC 2005, Shanghai, China, 1-4 September. Vol. 6, pp.5991-4

37. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Automatic artefact removal from EEG based on temporal characteristics’, Procs. of Beijing Satellite Symposium of IEEE EMBS 27th Annual Conference, Beijing, China, Sept 2005. p.27

38. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Temporal ICA for automatic artefact removal from EEG’, in Procs. of ICA Research Network Workshop on Applied BSS/ICA, Southampton, UK, 23 September, 2005

39. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Mutual Information for EEG analysis’, in Proc. IEEE EMBSS UKRI PGBIOMED 2005, 18-20 July, Reading, UK. pp.23-24

40. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Temporal Independent Component Analysis for automatic artefact removal from EEG signals’, in Proc. IEE MEDSIP 2004, Sliema, Malta, 5-8 September. pp.5-8

41. N. Nicolaou, and S.J. Nasuto, ‘Comparison of Temporal and Standard Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms for EEG analysis’, in Proc. ICANN/ICONIP 2003, Istanbul, Turkey, 26-29 June. pp.157-160

Datasets:

1. N. Nicolaou, A. Malik, 'EEG data during ‘peaceful’ auditory processing at different tempi'. University of Reading, 2017. Doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.124.

Edited Works:

1. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE EMBSS UK & RI Postgraduate Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, N. Nicolaou, O.J. Gibson, and C.J. James (eds.), 18-20 July, Reading, UK, 2005. ISBN: 0-9543-1573-1

PhD Thesis:

N. Nicolaou, 'Automatic artefact removal from Electroencephalograms', 2006, Dept. of Cybernetics, University of Reading, UK.