Ø DNS dynamic update protocol A protocol that enables information in a DNS server to be automatically updated in coordination with DHCP.
Ø Dynamic DNS (DDNS) A form of DNS that enables client computers to update DNS registration information so that this does not have to be done manually. DDNS is often used with DHCP servers to automatically register IP addresses on a DNS server.
Ø Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) A version of DHCP that can be used with IPv6 implementation on a network.
Ø File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Available through the TCP/IP protocol suite, FTP enables files to be transferred across a network or the Internet between computers or servers.
Ø forward lookup zone A DNS zone or table that maps computer names to IP addresses.
Ø host address (A) resource record A record in a DNS forward lookup zone that consists of a computer or domain name correlated to an IP version 4 (or 32-bit) address.
Ø Internet Information Services (IIS) A Microsoft Windows Server 2008 role that provides Internet Web, FTP, mail, and other services, and that is particularly offered to set up a Web server.
Ø Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) A group of dynamic link library (DLL) files that consists of applications and filters to enable user-customized programs to interface with IIS and to trigger particular programs, such as a specialized security check or a database lookup.
Ø IPv6 host address (AAAA) resource record A record in a DNS forward lookup zone that consists of a computer or domain name mapped to an IP version 6 (or 128-bit) address.
Ø Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) A set of database access rules used by Microsoft in its ODBC application programming interface for accessing databases and providing a standard doorway to database data.
Ø pointer (PTR) resource record A record in a DNS reverse lookup zone that consists of an IP (version 4 or 6) address correlated to a computer or domain name.
Ø primary DNS server A DNS server that is used as the main server from which to administer a zone, such as updating records in a forward lookup zone for a domain. A primary DNS server is also called the authoritative server for that zone.
Ø reverse lookup zone A DNS server zone or table that maps IP addresses to computer or domain names.
Ø scope A range of IP addresses that a DHCP server can lease to clients.
Ø secondary DNS server A DNS server that is a backup to a primary DNS server and therefore is not authoritative.
Ø Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) An e-mail protocol used by systems having TCP/IP network communications.
Ø stub zone A DNS zone that contains only the SOA record zone, name server (NS) records for authoritative servers, and A records for authoritative servers.
Ø Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An addressing format used to find an Internet Web site or page.
Ø virtual directory A URL-formatted address that provides an Internet location (virtual location) for an actual physical folder on a Web server that is used to publish Web documents.
Ø zone A partition or subtree in a DNS server that contains specific kinds of records in a lookup table, such as a forward lookup zone that contains records in a table for looking up computer and domain names in order to find their associated IP addresses.
Ø access server A device that connects several different types of communications devices and telecommunications lines to a network, providing network routing for these types of communications.
Ø aggregated links Linking two or more communications channels, such as ISDN channels, so that they appear as one channel, but with the combined speed of all channels in the aggregate.
Ø asynchronous modem A modem from which communications occur in discrete units, and in which the start of a unit is signaled by a start bit at the front, and a stop bit at the back signals the end of the unit.
Ø Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) Similar to BAP, but is able to select a preferred client when two or more clients vie for the same bandwidth. See Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP).
Ø Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) A protocol that works with Multilink in Windows Server 2008 to enable the bandwidth or speed of a remote connection to be allocated on the basis of the needs of an application, with the maximum allocation equal to the maximum speed of all channels aggregated via Multilink.
Ø cable modem A digital modem device designed for use with the cable TV system, providing high-speed data transfer.
Ø Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) An encrypted handshake protocol designed for standard IP- or PPP-based exchange of passwords. It provides a reasonably secure, standard, cross-platform method for sender and receiver to negotiate a connection.
Ø CHAP with Microsoft extensions (MS-CHAP) A Microsoft-enhanced version of CHAP that can negotiate encryption levels and that uses the highly secure RSA RC4 encryption algorithm to encrypt communications between client and host.
Ø CHAP with Microsoft extensions version 2 (MS-CHAP v2) An enhancement of MS-CHAP that provides better authentication and data encryption and that is especially well suited for VPNs.
Ø Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol (CSLIP) A newer version of SLIP that compresses header information in each packet sent across a remote link. See Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP).
Ø Data Encryption Standard (DES) A data encryption method developed by IBM and the National Security Agency in cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards (now called the National Institute of Standards and Technology) as an encryption technique using a secret key between the communicating stations. Triple DES (3DES) employs three secret keys combined into one long key.
Ø dial-up networking Using a telecommunications line and a modem to dial into a network or specific computers on a network via a modem at the other end.
Ø digital subscriber line (DSL) A technology that uses advanced modulation techniques on regular telephone lines for high-speed networking at speeds of up to about 52 Mbps between subscribers and a telecommunications company.
Ø DSL adapter A digital communications device that links a computer (or sometimes a router) to a DSL telecommunications line.
Ø Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) An authentication protocol employed by network clients that uses special security devices such as smart cards, token cards, and others that use certificate authentication.
Ø frame relay A WAN communications technology that relies on packet switching and virtual connection techniques to transmit at rates from 56 Kbps to 45 Mbps.
Ø Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) A secure form of HTTP that uses Secure Sockets Layer to implement security.
Ø Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) A telecommunications standard for delivering data services over digital telephone lines with a current practical limit of 1.536 Mbps and a theoretical limit of 622 Mbps.
Ø Internet Authentication Service (IAS) Used to establish and maintain security for RAS, Internet, and VPN dial-in access, and can be employed with RADIUS. IAS can use certificates to authenticate client access.
Ø IP Security (IPSec) A set of IP-based secure communications and encryption standards created through the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Ø Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) A protocol that transports PPP over a VPN, an intranet, or the Internet. L2TP works similarly to PPTP, but uses an additional network communications standard, called Layer Two Forwarding, that enables forwarding on the basis of MAC addressing. See Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).
Ø leased lines Telecommunications lines or bandwidth on telecommunications lines that can be leased from a telecommunications company.
Ø Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) A starting-to-ending-point encryption technique that uses special encryption keys varying in length from 40 to 128 bits.
Ø modem A modulator/demodulator that converts a transmitted digital signal to an analog signal for a telephone line. It also converts a received analog signal to a digital signal for use by a computer.
Ø Multilink or Multilink PPP (MPPP) A capability of a remote access server to aggregate multiple data streams into one logical network connection for the purpose of using more than one modem, ISDN channel, or other communications line in a single logical connection.
Ø Network Address Translation (NAT) Used by Microsoft Routing and Remote Access Services and by firewalls, NAT translates IP addresses on an internal or local network so that the actual IP addresses cannot be determined on the Internet, because the address seen on the Internet is a decoy address.
Ø Network Level Authentication (NLA) A security method that enables authentication to take place before a Terminal Services connection is established and that involves verifying the user account, client computer, and network server.
Ø Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) A nonencrypted plaintext password authentication protocol. This represents the lowest level of security for exchanging passwords via PPP or TCP/IP.
Ø Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) A widely used remote communications protocol that transports PPP as well as legacy protocols such as IPX and NetBEUI. PPP is used for dial-up connections between a client and Windows Server 2008.
Ø Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) A remote communications protocol that enables connectivity to a network through the Internet and connectivity through intranets and VPNs.
Ø Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) A protocol and service set up on one VPN or dial-up RAS server, for example in a domain, when there are multiple VPN or dial-up RAS servers to coordinate authentication and to track remote dial-in statistics for all VPN or dial-up RAS servers.
Ø Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) Software on a client computer that enables it to connect to a terminal server. This was originally called Terminal Services Client.
Ø Routing and Remote Access Services (RRAS) Microsoft software services that enable a Windows Server 2008 server to provide routing capabilities and remote access so that off-site workstations have access to a Windows Server 2008 network through telecommunications lines, the Internet, or intranets.
Ø Secure Sockets Layer A data encryption technique employed between a server and a client, such as between a client’s browser and an Internet server. SSL is a commonly used form of security for communications and transactions over the Web and can be used by all Web browsers.
Ø Secure Sockets Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) A remote access communications protocol used in VPN communications and that employs PPP authentication techniques along with Web-based communications transport and encryption through Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Secure Sockets Layer. See Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
Ø Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) An older remote communications protocol that is used by some UNIX and Linux computers. The modern compressed SLIP (CSLIP) version uses header compression to reduce communications overhead. See Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol (CSLIP).
Ø Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (SPAP) A proprietary version of Password Authentication Protocol used on Shiva systems. See Password Authentication Protocol (PAP).
Ø synchronous modem A modem that communicates using continuous bursts of data controlled by a clock signal that starts each burst.
Ø T-carrier A dedicated leased telephone line that can be used for data communications over multiple channels for speeds of up to 400.352 Mbps.
Ø terminal A device that consists of a monitor and keyboard to communicate with host computers that run the programs. The terminal does not have a processor to use for running programs locally.
Ø terminal adapter (TA) Popularly called a digital modem, links a computer or a fax to an ISDN line.
Ø terminal server A server configured to offer Terminal Services so that clients can run applications on the server, similar to having clients respond as terminals.
Ø thin client A specialized personal computer or terminal device that has a minimal Windows-based operating system. A thin client is designed to connect to a host computer that does most or all of the processing. The thin client is mainly responsible for providing a graphical user interface and network connectivity.
Ø virtual private network (VPN) A private network that is like a tunnel through a larger network—such as the Internet, an enterprise network, or both—that is restricted to designated member clients only.
Ø X.25 An older packet-switching protocol for connecting remote networks at speeds up to 2.048 Mbps.