Cardiovascular diseases are now the leading cause of death across the globe and represent a growing challenge for developing countries. Many of these deaths could be avoided by existing treatments, but individuals often ignore that they suffer from underlying risk factors or fail to comply with regular monitoring because they do not seek preventive care. Lack of awareness, financial barriers, and behavioural problems such as present bias are responsible for the inappropriate uptake of preventive care in many settings. While conditional cash transfers have been routinely used in developing countries, they may not be efficient solutions if they fail to target high‑risk individuals. In a randomised controlled trial with about 900 clients of a micro-finance organisation in San Salvador, we test the effectiveness of “risk‑based” financial incentives, providing higher rewards to individuals who have a higher risk of developing a cardio-vascular disease, as diagnosed ex-post during the check-up.