Most of the research on health insurance has centered on understanding the extent to which patients' care-seeking decisions are distorted by the financial protection granted by insurance. The concern has been that increased coverage for patients leads to unnecessary use and inefficient spending on costly services. However, there has been little research on the extent to which  health insurance coverage may affectsthe decision-making of providers, even in the absence of financial incentives. Yet it is crucial to understand to what extent providers are influenced by patient insurance, as increased inefficient care under insurance might be unfairly blamed on patients. This research seeks to fill this gap by studying the behaviours and treatment decisions of providers when meeting otherwise identical patients with low or high-cover insurance. To that end, we have partnered with a leading health insurance company in South Africa, providing a unique opportunity to yield rigorous and impactful evidence on the effects of health insurance on primary care providers.