Publications

Book

1. Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Ateeq, and Sung Won Kim, "Data-Driven Intelligence in Wireless Networks: Concepts, Solutions, and Applications", CRC Press, March 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003216971, ISBN: 9781032100371 ).

Patents

1. Muhammad Atif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Salahuddin, Sana Fayyaz, Kim Byung-Seo, and Muhammad Khalil Afzal (Clustered Stationary Vehicles-based Vehicular Networking and Computing System)” (Korean Patent Number: 10-2509279 , Date: 2023-03-16) 

2. Muhammad Atif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Rehmat Ullah, Kim Byung-Seo (Method to communication in Cluster-based Information-Centric Wireless Networks)” (Korean Patent Number: 10-2404984, Date: 05-20-2022 ) 

Journal Publications

1. Muhammad Imran, M. Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Amjad and Muhammad Usman, Investigating Low Latency Communications with Link-Layer rate of NOMA under Nakagami-m Fading Channel in Finite Blocklength Regime, IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology (Submitted)

2.  B-S Kim, M. Khalil Afzal.; R Ullah, Special Issue “Emerging AI+X-Based Sensor and Networking Technologies including Selected Papers from ICGHIT 2022–2023”. Sensors 2024, 24, 546. January 2024.

3. Basharat Hussain, M. Khalil Afzal, Sheraz Anjum, Imran Rao, Byung Seo-Kim, "A Novel Graph Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit Framework for Network-based Traffic Prediction," IEEE Access, vol. 11 , pp. 130102 - 130118 , Nov 16, 2023.

4. Saad Haseeb, Mohsin Raza Jafri, M. Khalil Afzal, M. Tahir, "Energy efficient selection of relay for UWSNs in the Internet of Underwater Things" Int J Commun Syst. 2023; 36(18):e5619. doi:10.1002/dac.5619, Sep 2023.

5. Muhammad Ateeq, M. Khalil. Afzal, Sheraz Anjum, and Byung-Seo Kim, “Cognitive Quality of Service Predictions in Multi-Node Wireless Sensor Networks,” Computer Communications, vol. 193, pp. 155-167, Sep. 2022.

6. M. Ateeq, H. Habib, and M. Khalil. Afzal, Towards a Data-Driven Cognitive Framework for Adaptive QoS in IoT, IEEE Internet Computing vol. 26, pp.  78-87, 11 May 2022. 10.1109/MIC.2022.3172224 

7. Byung-Seo Kim, Chi Zhang, Spyridon Mastorakis, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, and Janos Tapolcai "Guest Editorial Special Issue on Information-Centric Wireless Sensor Networking (ICWSN) for IoT", vol. 9, Issue: 2, pp. 844-845, IEEE Internet of Things, Jan 2022. 

8. M. Ateeq, H. Habib, M. Khalil. Afzal, M. Naeem,  and S. W. Kim, “Towards data-driven control of QoS in IoT: Unleashing the potential of diversified datasets,” vol. 9, pp. 146068 -146081,  IEEE Access, Oct 2021. 

9.  Basharat Hussain, M. Khalil Afzal, Shafiq Ahmad, and Almetwally M. Mostafa, "Intelligent Traffic Flow Prediction using Optimized GRU Model" , vol. 9, pp 1000736-100746, IEEE Access, 14 July 2021..

10. Z. Nain, A. Musaddiq, Y. A. Qadri, A. Nauman, M. Khalil Afzal, and S. W. Kim, “RIATA : A reinforcement learning-based intelligent routing update scheme for future generation IoT networks,” vol.9, pp. 81161-81172, IEEE Access, June 2021.

11. Adia Khalid, Muhammad Sohaib Iftikhar, Ahmad Almogren, Rabiya Khalid, M. Khalil Afzal, Nadeem Javaid, "A Blockchain-based Incentive Provisioning Scheme for Traffic Event Validation and Information Storage in VANETs",  ELSEIVER Information Processing & Management  Vol. 58, Issue 2, March 2021.

12. Yousaf Bin Zikria, Rashid Ali, M. Khalil Afzal, Sung Won Kim, "Next-Generation Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions" Sensors 2021, 21, 1174. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041174, 07 Feb, 2021.

13. Muhammad Ateeq, M. Khalil Afzal*, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Shafiq, Jin-Ghoo Choi, "Deep Learning-Based Multi-Parametric Predictions for IoT, MDPI,  Sustainability 2020, 12(18), 7752; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187752,  19 Sep, 2020.

14. Omji Samuel, Nadeem Javaid, Adia Khalid, Wazir Zada Khan, Mohammad Y Aalsalem, M. Khalil Afzal, and Byung-Seo Kim, “ Towards Real-time Energy Management of Multi-microgrid using a Deep Convolution Neural Network and Cooperative Game Approach ”,  IEEE Access  vol. 8, pp. 161377-161395 , 3 Sep 2020. 

15. Yousaf Bin Zikria, M. Khalil Afzal, Sung Won Kim, Andrea Marin, Mohsen Guizani , "Deep Learning for Intelligent IoT: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions" Computer Communication, Elsevier, available online on 27, August, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.08.017) 

16. Byung-Seo Kim, Chi Zhange, Yuanxiong Guo, M. Khalil Afzal, Balazs Sonkoly, "Editorial IEEE ACCESS Special Section: Information Centric Wireless Networking with Edge Computing  for 5G and IoT, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 139737 - 139740 , August 2020. 

17. Ahsen Saleem, M. Khalil. Afzal, M. Ateeq, S. W. Kim, and Y. B. Zikria, “Intelligent Learning Automata-based Objective Function in RPL for IoT”, ELSEIVER Sustainable Cities and Society Volume 59,102234, August 2020 . 

18. Zulqarnain, R. Ali, S. Anjum, M. Khalil Afzal, and S. W. Kim, "A network adaptive fault-tolerant routing algorithm for latency and throughput demanding network on chip designs," Electronics  July 2020, 9(7), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071076  

19. H. Yu, M. Khalil. Afzal, Y. B. Zikria, A. Rachedi, and F. H.P. Fitzek “Tactile Internet: Technologies, Test Platforms, Trials, and Applications’, Elsevier Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS), vol.106, pp. 685-688, May 2020. 

20. Hira Gul, Nadeem Javed , Ibrar Ullah, Ali Mustafa Qamar, M. Khalil. Afzal, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, "Detection of Non-Technical Losses using SOSTLink and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit to Secure Smart Meters" 10(9), 3151, MDPI, Appl. Sci. April 2020  

21. Yousaf Bin Zikria,M. Khalil. Afzal, Sung Won Kim, "Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT): Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions",  vol. 20, issue 8, pp. 1-8, Sensors, April 2020.  

22. A. Nauman, Y. A. Qadri, M. Amjad, Y. B. Zikria, M. K. Afzal, and S. W. Kim, “Multimedia Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 8(1), pp. 8202-8250, January 2020. 

23. Omaji Samuel, Fahad A. Alzahrani, Raja Jalees Ul Hussen Khan, Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Shafiq, M. Khalil Afzal, and Nadeem Javaid, "Towards Modified Entropy Mutual Information Feature Selection to Forecast Medium-Term Load Using a Deep Learning Model in Smart Homes", Entropy, Volume: 22, Issue: 1, Article Number: 68, Pages: 1-31, Published: January 2020, ISSN: 1099-4300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010068. 

24. Wazir Zada Khan, Nasrullah Armi, Hussein Zangoti, M. Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Habib ur Rehman and Khaled Salah , "Industrial Internet of Things: Recent Advances, Enabling Technologies and Open Challenges"  Computer and Electrical Engineering, Elsevier, vol. 81, January 2020.

25. Rasool Bukhsh, Nadeem Javaid, Raza Abid Abbasi, Aisha Fatima, Mariam Akbar, M. Khalil Afzal, Farruh Ishmanov, "An Efficient Fog as-a-Power-Economy-Sharing Service for Smart Grids ", IEEE Access, Issue 1, vol. 7, pp, 185012-185027,  December, 2019. 

26. Muqaddas Naz, Fahad A. Alzahrani, Rabiya Khalid, Nadeem Javaid, Ali Mustafa Qamar, M. Khalil Afzal, and Muhammad Shafiq, "A Secure Data Sharing Platform using Blockchain and IPFS", Sustainability, Volume: 11, Issue: 24, Article Number: 7054, Pages: 1-24, Published: December 2019.

27. M. Khalil. Afzal, Wazir Zada Khan, Tariq Umer, Byung‑Seo Kim, and Shui Yu, “Editorial of cross-layer design issues, challenges and opportunities for future intelligent heterogeneous networks,” Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Volume 10, Issue 11, pp 4207–4208 , November 2019. 

28. M. Khalil Afzal, M. H. Rehmani, Y. B. Zikria, and Qiang Ni , "Data Driven Intelligence in Wireless Networks: Issues, Challenges, and Solution," European Transaction on Telecommunications, vol 30, issue 9, pp. 1-3.  Aug 2019.

29. Muhammad Ateeq , Farruh Ishmanov, M. Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Naeem, "Predicting Delay in IoT using Deep Learning: A Multiparametric Approach”, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp.  62022 - 62031 , 14 May, 2019.

30. Y. B. Zikria, S. W. Kim, O. Hahm, M. K. Afzal, and M. Y. Aalsalem, "Internet of Things (IoT) operating systems management: Opportunities, challenges, and solution," MDPI Sensors, vol. 19(8), pp. 1-10, April 2019. 

31. Muhammad Shafiq, Pankaj Singh, Imran Ashraf, Maqbool Ahmad, Amjad Ali, Azeem Irshad, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, and Jin-Ghoo Choi, “Ranked Sense Multiple Access Control Protocol for Multichannel Cognitive Radio-Based IoT Networks,” Sensors, vol. 19(7), 1703, Apr. 2019.

32. Amjad Ali, Laraib Abbas, M Shafiq, Ali Kashif Bashir, M. Khalil Afzal , H. Bin Liaqat, M. Hameed Siddiqi, Kyung Sup Kwak, "Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Scheme for Efficient Channel Utilization in Cognitive Radio Networks", vol. 7, issue 1, pp.  24463 - 24476, IEEE Access, Feb 19, 2019. 

33. Sana Mujeeb, Nadeem Javaid, Manzoor Ilahi, Zahid Wadud, Farruh Ishmanov, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, "Deep Long Short-Term Memory: A New Price and Load Forecasting Scheme for Big Data in Smart Cities", MDPI Sustainability, 11(4), pp.1-29  14. Feb, 2019.  

34. Abdul Mateen, Muhammad Awais, Nadeem Javaid, Farruh Ishmanov *, M. Khalil Afzal, Saqib Kazmi, "Geographic and Opportunistic Recovery with Depth and Power Transmission Adjustment for Energy-Efficiency and Void Hole Alleviation in UWSNs" 19(3), 709, pp. 1-27 MDPI Sensors, 10 Feb 2019.

35. S. A. Butt, K. Abu Bakar, Nadeem Javaid, Niayesh Gharaei, Farruh Ishmanov, M. Khalil Afzal, M. Khalid Mahmood and M. Akram Mujahid, "Exploiting Layered Multi-Path Routing Protocols to Avoid Void Hole Regions for Reliable Data Delivery and Efficient Energy Management for IoT-Enabled Underwater WSNs", MDPI Sensors,  19(3), 510, January 2019. 

36. Muhammad Ateeq , Farruh Ishmanov *, M. Khalil Afzal *, Muhammad Naeem , "Multi-Parametric Analysis of Reliability and Energy Consumption in IoT: A Deep Learning Approach" 19(2), pp.1-20, MDPI, Sensors, 14 January, 2019.

37. Tariq Umer, M. Khalil Afzal, Ali Kashif Bashir, Rahat Iqbal, Razi Iqbal, "Guest Editorial: Exploring IoT Systems in Businesses: Frameworks, Use Cases, Policies, Protocols and Services", vol 8, issue 1, pp. 1 – 2, January 2019 IET Networks.

38. Muhammad Shafiq, Maqbool Ahmad, M. Khalil Afzal, Amjad Ali, Azeem Irshad, Jin-Ghoo Choi * , "Handshake Sense Multiple Access Control for Cognitive Radio-Based IoT Networks", MDPI Sensors, 19(2), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020241, 10 January 2019 .

39. Rehmat Ullah, M. Khalil Afzal, and BS. Kim, "A Novel Method for Delay Mitigation in Content-Centric Networking-based Wireless Networks" Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 5815-5825, 24 Dec, 2018 .

40. M. Khalil. Afzal, BS. Kim and S. W. Kim, "A reliable and scalable groupcast block acknowledgement scheme for video multicast over IEEE 802.11aa standard" Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 5853-5865, 24 Dec, 2018.

41. Shehroz Riaz, Maaz Rehan, Waqas Rehan, Ehsan Ullah Munir, Tassawar Iqbal, M. Khalil Afzal, and Tariq Umer "FRP: A Novel Fast Rerouting Protocol with Multi-link-failure Recovery for Mission-Critical WSN,"  Elsevier Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 89, pp. 148-156, Dec. 2018.

42. Rasool Bukhsh, Nadeem Javaid, Zahoor Ali Khan, Farruh Ishmanov *, M. Khalil Afzal, Zahid Wadud, "Towards Fast Response, Reduced Processing and Balanced Load in Fog based Data Driven Smart Grid" MDPI, Energies, Energies 2018, 11(12), 3345, Nov, 30, 2018.

43. Omaji Samuel, Nadeem Javaid, Sakeena Javaid, Syed Hassan Ahmed, M. Khalil Afzal, Farruh Ishmanov , "An Efficient Power Scheduling in Smart Homes Using Jaya Based Optimization with Time-of-Use and Critical Peak Pricing Schemes" MDPI, Energies 2018, 11(11), 3155, pp. 1-27, Nov, 2018. 

44. Yousaf Bin Zikria, Heejung Yu, M. Khalil. Afzal, Mubashir Husain Rehmani, Oliver Hahmd, "Internet of Things (IoT): Operating System, Applications and Protocols Design, and Validation Techniques," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 88, pp. 699-706, Nov. 2018 [All authors are first co-authors]

45. Zafar Iqbal, Nadeem Javaid, Syed Muhammad Mohsin, Syed Muhammad Abrar Akber, M. Khalil Afzal, Farruh Ishmanov "Performance Analysis of Hybridization of Heuristic Techniques for Residential Load Scheduling" , 11(10), MDPI Energies, October  2018.

46. Y. B. Zikria, S. W. Kim, M. K. Afzal, H. Wang, and M. H. Rehmani, "5G mobile services and scenarios: Challenges and solutions," MDPI Sustainability, vol. 10(10), pp. 1-9, October 2018. 

47. M. Khalil Afzal, Yousaf Bin Zikria, Shahid Mumtaz, Ammar Rayes, Anwer Al-Dulaimi, Mohsin Guizani, "Unlocking 5G Spectrum Potential for Intelligence IoT: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions," IEEE Communication Magazine vol. 56(10), pp. 92-93, October 2018 . 

48. Farhana Javed, M. Khalil. Afzal, Malik Sharif and Byung-Seo Kim, “Internet of Things (IOTs) Operating Systems Support, Networking Technologies, Applications and Challenges: A Comparative Review,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2062-2099, Third Quarter, 2018.

49. Maqbool Ahmad, Muhammad Shafiq , Azeem Irshad,  M. Khalil Afzal, Changsu Kim, Jin-Ghoo Choi, "Adaptive and Economic-Robust Group Selling of Spectrum Slots for Cognitive Radio-Based Internet-of-Things MDPI, Sensors vol. 18(8) , 2490, 1 Aug. 2018.

50. Szamin khan,  Sheraz Anjum, Farruh Ishmanov, Usman Gulzari, Maurizio Palesi, M. Khalil Afzal, "An Optimized Hybrid Algorithm in term of Energy and Performance for Mapping Real Time Workloads on 2D based On-Chip Networks" Applied Intelligence, Springer, pp. 1-13, 30 July, 2018 (publish online).

51. Aaqib Khalid, M. Khalil Afzal, Tariq Umer, Sheraz Anjum, and Asif "Autonomous Data Driven Surveillance and Rectification System using In-Vehicle Sensors for Intelligent and Connected Transportation Systems (ICTS)", Computer Networks Elsevier vol. 139, 5, pp. 109-118, July 2018.

52. Muhammad Shafiq, Maqbool Ahmad, Azeem Irshad, Muhammad Usman, M Khalil Afzal, Heejung Yu, and Jin-Ghoo Choi, "Multiple Access Control for Cognitive Radio-Based IEEE 802.11ah Networks" , MDPI, Sensors vol 18, issue 7. pp. 1-28,  June 2018 (doi: 10.3390/s18072043)

53. Saman Zahoor, Nadeem Javaid, Mahmood Ashraf, Farruh Ishmanov , and M. Khalil Afzal, "Cloud-fog based Smart Grid Model for Efficient Resource Management" Sustainability,  vol 10, issue 6, pp. 1-21, June 2018

54. Omaji Samuel, Nadeem Javaid, Mahmood Ashraf, Farruh Ishmanov , M. Khalil Afzal, and Zahoor Ali Khan, "Jaya Based Optimization Method with High Dispatchable Distributed Generation for Residential Microgrid" MDPI, Energies,  vol. 11, issue 6, pp. 1-29, June 2018. (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/6/1513/htm)

55. Yousaf Bin Zikria, Farruh Ishmanov, M. Khalil Afzal , Sung Won Kim, Seung Yeob Nam, Heejung Yu, “Opportunistic channel selection MAC protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc sensor networks in the internet of things” in Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, Volume 18, Pages 112-120, June 2018.

56. Yousaf Bin Zikria, M. Khalil Afzal, Farruh Ishmanov, Sung Won Kim, and Heejung Yu “A Survey on Routing Protocols Supported by the Contiki Internet of Things Operating System" Elsevier Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 82, pp. 200-219, May 2018.

57. M. K. Afzal, B. Kim, S. Y. Nam, and S. W. Kim, “SNR-based relay selection in cooperative wireless ad hoc networks,”Inderscience International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing Int. J. Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 28, No. 1, April, 2018.

58. S. Khan, Sheraz Anjum, Usman Ali Gulzari, M. Khalil Afzal, Tariq Umer, and Farruh Ishmanov, "An Efficient Algorithm for Mapping Real Time Embedded Applications on NoC Architecture", vol. 6, pp. 16324-16335, March 2018.

59. Tariq Umer, M. Khalil Afzal, and Farruh Ishmanov "Performance Analysis of TETRA Technology under Heterogeneous Traffic Flow for VANETs," IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 16-21 , Feb, 2018.

60. Tariq Umer, M. Khalil Afzal, Ehsan Ullah Munir, Muhammad Alam, “A Dual Ring Connectivity Model for VANET Under Heterogeneous Traffic Flow “ Wireless Personal Communication, vol 98, Issue 1, pp 105–118, January 2018. 

61. M. K. Afzal, M. H. Rehmani, A. Pescape, S. W. Kim, and W. Ejaz, “The new era of smart cities: sensors, communication technologies, and applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 15(1), pp. 27836-27840, December 2017.

62. Muhammad Amjad, M. Khalil Afzal, Tariq Umer, and Byung-Seo Kim, “QoS-Aware and Heterogeneously Clustered Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Access, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.10250-10262, 6th June 2017. [ISSN: 2169-3536].

63. M. Amjad, M. K. Afzal et. al, "TinyOS-New Trends, Comparative Views and Supported Sensing Applications: A Review," IEEE Sensors Journals, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 2865-2889, May 2016.

64.  M. Khalil Afzal, B-S Kim, and Sung Won Kim, “Efficient and Reliable MPEG-4 Multicast MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks,"  IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 1026-1035, March 2015.

65. M. Khalil Afzal, B-S Kim, and Sung Won Kim, "A Leader-Based Reliable Multicast MAC Protocol for Multimedia Applications," KSII Transactions on Internet and InformationSystems, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 183- 195, January 29, 2014.

66. M. Khalil Afzal, B-S Kim, and Sung Won Kim, “Performance Evaluations of MPEG-4 Video Traffic Services over Fading Channel-based MANETs”, International Journal ofInformation, Japan vol. 16, No. 10, Oct 2013 pp.7711-7716. 

67. M. Khalil Afzal, and B-S Kim, “Evaluation on Routing Protocol over MANET with fading channel” Journal of Institute Webcasting and Internet Television Korea, Vol. 11, No. 1,October 2011.

Conference Publications

1. Zahra Saleem, Usman Firdous, M. Khalil Afzal, Dr. Amjad Ali, Dr. Ala Al-Fuqaha, Dr. Saba Al-Rubaye and Prof. Muddesar Iqbal , "Blockchain-Based Privacy Preservation Using Steganography in Drone-Enabled VANETs" Global Communications Conference: Communication QoS, Reliability and Modeling, 2023. (https://globecom2023.ieee-globecom.org/program/technical-program-day-3)   

2. Saad Haseeb, M. Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Tahir and Mohsin Raza "Energy Efficient Selection of Relay for UWSNs in the Internet of Underwater Things" IEEE International Conference on Smart City and Informatization (iSCI), 2022 (Accepted)

3. Wazir Zada Khan, Mohammed Aalsalem, Hussein Zangoti, Muhammad Zahid and M. Khalil Afzal, "Internet of Things based Physical and Environmental Monitoring System for Data Centers" Published in: 2018 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET) , IEEE,  10.1109/ICRAMET.2018.8683913 . 

4. M. Khalil. Afzal, R. Ullah, B. Kim and S. W. Kim, "A reliable and scalable groupcast block acknowledgement scheme for video multicast over IEEE 802.11aa standard," International Conference on Green and Human Information Technology, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Jan. 31-Feb. 2, 2018.

5. Tariq Umer, Muhammad Amjad, M. Khalil Afzal, and Muhammad Aslam "Hybrid Rapid Response Routing Approach for Delay-Sensitive Data in Hospital Body Area Sensor Network" 7th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, Jul 11, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016, Dallas, U.S.A.

6.  M. Khalil Afzal, M. Touqeer Afzal, B.-Kim and S.W. Kim, “Reliable Multicast Schemes in IEEE 802.11aa Standard” International Workshop on Electronics & CommunicationsWEC 2014, Oct 27-28, Chengdu, China.

7. M. Khalil Afzal, B.-S Kim and S.W. Kim, “Modified GroupCast Retries Block Acknowledgement Scheme in IEEE 802.11aa standard-based for Multimedia Applications, ICSPCs’2014.

8. M. Khalil Afzal, B.-S Kim and S.W. Kim, “Throughput Enhancement in Cooperative Wireless Ad hoc Networks, 16th IEEE International Conference on High PerformanceComputing and Comm. France. Aug- 2014.

9. S, Acharya, G. P. Joshi, M. Khalil Afzal, and Sung Won Kim, “RFID system in elderly care,” FTRA International Symposium on Wireless sensor network Technologies andApplications for Smart Space (WTA 2013), Gwangju, Korea, pp. 24-27, Sep. 4-6, 2013.

10. M. Khalil Afzal, H.–H. Shin, B.-S. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “Link quality aware local repair in AODV-based ad-hoc networks,” IET/IEEE International Conference on Smart andSustainable City (ICSSC 2013), Shanghai, China, pp. 397-400, Aug. 19-20, 2013.

11. M. Khalil. Afzal, B.-S. Kim, and S. W. Kim, “A leader-based reliable multicast MAC protocol for MPEG- 4 traffic,” International Conference on Internet and Distributed ComputingSystems (IDCS 2012), Wu Yi Shan, Fujian, China, pp. 111-119, Nov. 21-23, 2012.

12. Rana Asif Rehman, Muhammad Sher, and M. Khalil Afzal, Efficient Delay and Energy Based Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, International Conference on EmergingTechnologies (ICET-2012) 8-9 Oct 2012, Islamabad Pakistan.

13. M. Khalil Afzal, B-S Kim, and Sung Won Kim "Performance Evaluations of Multimedia Services over Ricean Fading Channel-based MANETs," The 2012 InternationalConference on Information Science and Technology (IST 2012), Shanghai, China, April 28-30, 2012.

14. Madiha Kazmi, Muhammad Younas Javed, and M. Khalil Afzal. “An Overview of Performance Comparison of Different TCP Variants in IP and MPLS Networks”  3rdInternational conference on Networked Digital Technologies (NDT 2011), July 11-13, 2011, University of Macau, Macau, China.

15. Sumera Nosheen, Dr. Shahzad A. malik, Yousaf Bin Zikria, and M. Khalil Afzal, “Performance Evaluation of DCCP, SCTP using MPEG4 over wireless Networks”, 11th IEEEInternational Multi-topic Conference December, 2007, Pakistan.

16. M. Khalil Afzal et al, “SCTP vs. TCP: Delay and packet Loss”, 11th IEEE International Multi-topic Conference December, 2007, Pakistan.