Broadly speaking, my research focuses on the nature and treatment of anxiety disorders and depression. I am examining the etiology and classification, individual predictors, moderators and mediators of treatment outcome, and impact of brief digital interventons with respect to these disorders. In addition, I have multiple ecological momentary assessment studies and ecological momentary intervention studies. The lab has also begun using more machine learning to understand relationships and to predict outcomes and processes. Furthermore, I am also conducting several basic experimental studies examining underlying processes related to these disorders. Further, I examine issues relevant to health implications of anxiety disorders. As a mentor, I do not dictate what my graduate students study as long as it is in the realm of anxiety and depression. As a result, my graduate students have all taken different paths and I view my role as helping to foster those disparate paths.
At a broad level, my research has examined four distinct areas of interest. First, my work regarding the nature of anxiety and depression has included the examination of both concurrent and longitudinal risk, protective, and maintenance factors and mechanisms. I have examined these factors using a variety of approaches including experimental, cross-sectional, longitudinal, ecological momentary assessment, and daily diary designs. Risk factors that I have examined include worry (Erickson & Newman, 2007; Erickson et al., 2016; Llera & Newman, 2020; Shin & Newman, 2019; Zainal & Newman, 2021c, 2022b), sleep quality (Calderon et al., 2024) and duration (Barber et al., 2023a), negative affect and mood (Basterfield & Newman, 2025; Zainal & Newman, 2023b), executive functioning (Zainal & Newman, 2018, 2021a), inflammation, (Zainal & Newman, 2022c, 2023c) anger expression (Win et al., 2021), avoidance (Jacobson & Newman, 2014), positive and negative reinforcement (LaFreniere & Newman, 2019b; Newman et al., 2022b), stress reactivity (Barber et al., 2023b; Fisher et al., 2010; Fisher & Newman, 2013), comorbidity (Jacobson & Newman, 2017), interpersonal problems (Kachin et al., 2001), and experiencing daily discrimination (Basterfield & Newman, 2025). Protective factors I have examined have included life satisfaction (Zainal & Newman, 2022d), positive affect (Basterfield & Newman, 2025; Rackoff & Newman, 2020), social support (Barber et al., 2023c; Bartek et al., 2021; Basterfield & Newman, 2025; Jacobson et al., 2017; Jacobson & Newman, 2016), attachment (Newman et al., 2016b), level of education (Basterfield & Newman, 2025), self-acceptance (Sanghvi et al., 2023), self-esteem (Sarkar et al., 2024), emotional venting (Marr et al., 2022), curiosity (Zainal & Newman, 2022a, 2023a), and coping strategies (Soto et al., 2025; Zainal & Newman, 2019). These studies have been helpful in informing our understanding of the development and maintenance of anxiety and depressive disorders.
Second, I created a new conceptual model of the development and maintenance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD; Newman & Llera, 2011; Newman et al., 2013) that has been expanded to explain emotion regulation in other anxiety and depressive disorders (Baik & Newman, 2023, 2025; Newman et al., 2023; Swisher & Newman, 2024; Swisher & Newman, 2025). My model, called contrast avoidance theory, postulates that individuals with GAD and other mood and anxiety disorders are driven to maintain their anxious thoughts and worries and dampen positive affect to avoid a sharp increase in negative emotions (labeled negative emotional contrast) that they might experience when unexpected negative events happen (Baik & Newman, 2023; Crouch et al., 2017; Kim & Newman, 2022; Llera & Newman, 2014, 2017; Newman et al., 2019a). At the same time, the theory and data suggest that they are motivated to maintain a negative mood and dampen a positive mood to increase the probability of a positive emotional contrast or relief when worrisome thoughts don’t come true (Baik & Newman, 2025; Kim & Newman, 2023), which happens about 91% of the time (LaFreniere & Newman, 2020), For example, worriers have endorsed a preference for expecting the worst as a means of being prepared if their fears come true and/or pleasantly surprised if things turn out better than expected. My research has shown that this dysfunctional process leads to naturalistic reinforcement of worry, rumination, and mood dampening (Baik & Newman, 2025; Newman et al., 2022b) as well as relaxation induced anxiety (Kim & Newman, 2019). When I developed the model, the prevailing theory suggested that worry enabled chronic worriers to avoid negative emotion. Instead, I have carefully laid out all the evidence that suggested that worry increased and sustained negative emotion and that this was in the service of avoiding a negative emotional contrast. For example, studies showed that when people worried, their negative mood increased and their positive mood decreased and this increased negative mood was still present an hour later. Furthermore, when people experienced a negative emotion after a prior positive emotion, the negative emotion was perceived as more negative than if they experienced a negative emotion after another negative emotion. Similarly, if they experienced a positive emotion after a prior negative emotion, the positive emotion was felt as more positive than if they experienced a positive emotion after another positive emotion. From this empirical literature, I theorized that people with anxiety and mood disorders were more sensitive to negative emotional contrasts and also motivated to increase the likelihood of a positive emotional contrast more than those without these disorders. This model may explain mixed findings associated with previous, more traditional cognitive behavioral theories of emotion regulation in GAD, anxiety, depression, and perseverative thought.
Third, I have consolidated and enhanced cognitive behavioral treatments (CBT) for a diversity of anxiety disorders. I have conducted numerous studies demonstrating the efficacy and effectiveness of these treatments, examining mechanisms of change that explain how they work (LaFreniere & Newman, 2019a, 2023a, 2024; Newman & Fisher, 2010, 2013; Shin & Newman, 2018; Zainal & Newman, 2024c, 2024d), and identifying numerous client variables that predict (Dow et al., 2007a; Fisher & Newman, 2016; Fisher et al., 2011; Hofmann et al., 1995; King et al., 2020; LaFreniere & Newman, 2020; Newman et al., 2006; Newman et al., 2018; Newman et al., 2010; Newman et al., 2022a; Zainal & Newman, 2024e; Zainal et al., 2025b) and moderate (Borkovec et al., 2003; Borkovec et al., 2002; Boswell et al., 2011; Constantino et al., 2023; Crits-Christoph et al., 2011; Dow et al., 2007a, 2007b; Fisher & Newman, 2016; Fisher et al., 2011; Hofmann et al., 1995; Kenardy et al., 2003; King et al., 2020; Markell et al., 2014; Newman, 2000; Newman et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2008; Newman & Fisher, 2010, 2013; Newman et al., 1994; Newman et al., 2016a; Newman et al., 2017; Newman et al., 2018; Newman et al., 2010; Newman et al., 2022a; Newman et al., 2019b; Zainal & Newman, 2021b, 2024b) who will benefit from them. I have also examined treatment barriers (Van Doren et al., 2024), and efficacy of CBT (Markell et al., 2014) for minoritized individuals. Furthermore, I have examined the efficacy of a specific component of CBT (positive reappraisal) in the context of discrimination in a sample of black and Latine individuals (Soto et al., 2025). Also, I was the primary developer of an expanded type of CBT that integrates constructs and techniques used in various approaches of psychotherapy.(Castonguay et al., 2012; Castonguay et al., 2005; Castonguay et al., 2019; Erickson & Newman, 2007; Newman et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2015; Newman et al., 2014a; Newman & Zainal, 2020). The testing of this integrative CBT model has been the focus of two large NIMH grants and has allowed for the identification of clients who are most likely to benefit from an expanded form of therapy and clients whose treatment of choice should be traditional CBT (Newman et al., 2015).
Fourth, I am one of the earliest and most influential researchers on the creation and implementation of new modes of delivery of CBT. In the early 90’s and prior to the wide availability of cellphones or the internet, I developed a palmtop computer program for panic disorder (Newman et al., 1996) that I empirically demonstrated achieved the same level of efficacy as traditional CBT, in half the time (Newman et al., 1997). I subsequently developed and tested a palmtop program for GAD (Newman, 1999; Newman et al., 1999; Newman et al., 2014b). This was the beginning of decades of innovations and investigations including multiple randomized controlled trials testing digital, virtual reality, and ecological momentary interventions that I developed(Dow et al., 2007a, 2007b; Kanuri et al., 2020; Kenardy et al., 2003; LaFreniere & Newman, 2016, 2019a, 2020, 2023a; LaFreniere & Newman, 2023b; LaFreniere & Newman, 2024; Newman, 1999; Newman et al., 1999; Newman et al., 1996, 1997; Newman et al., 2014b; Przeworski & Newman, 2004; Schwob & Newman, 2023; Zainal et al., 2021; Zainal et al., 2025a; Zainal & Newman, 2023d, 2024a; Zainal & Newman, 2024c, 2024d; Zainal & Newman, 2024e; Zainal & Newman, 2025; Zainal et al., 2024a; Zainal et al., 2025b; Zainal et al., 2024b) as well as digital interventions developed by others (D'Adamo et al., 2023; Fitzsimmons-Craft et al., 2024; Fitzsimmons-Craft et al., 2023; Fitzsimmons-Craft et al., 2021; Kanuri et al., 2015; Newman et al., 2025; Newman et al., 2021a; Newman et al., 2021b; Rackoff et al., 2022; Rackoff et al., 2025; Topooco et al., 2022). This also included a major multi-site study currently funded by NIMH. I have also had multiple NSF grants related to machine learning and have published numerous papers that applied those technologies (Basterfield & Newman, 2025; Calderon et al., 2024; Kandemir et al., 2023; Lu et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2012; Luo et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2023; Ye et al., 2019; Zainal et al., 2025a; Zainal & Newman, 2024e; Zainal & Newman, 2025; Zainal et al., 2025b). By combining the use of advanced technologies (e.g., smart phone) and artificial intelligence (especially machine learning), my research has been at the cutting edge of mental health services for diverse populations (including university students) across the globe (e.g., India). My technological and methodological innovations have set the stage for the dissemination and personalization of care at scale.
A big focus of my research has been on technology. I am currently completing a no cost extension as PI on an R01 that ran a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare a coached mobile intervention (delivered by Smartphones) to usual care. Coaches guided participants on use of the program and its techniques via text messaging. This RCT was delivered within 26 colleges and universities (6200 participants) to treat and prevent anxiety disorders, major depression, and eating disorders. It encompasses PI’s at 4 Universities (Penn State, Washington University, University of Michigan, and Palo Alto University). We have been writing papers from this large dataset. This includes papers from our screening data (we screened over 32,000 undergraduates for multiple psychological problems). And we have begun to work on the outcome papers from this project that will happen down the line.
Also encompassing technology, my collaborators and I ran a machine learning analysis to develop an algorithm to predict who would do best from our coached program. In addition, we recently submitted a grant (pending) to conduct a stratified treatment assigning only those who are predicted by our algorithm to do well to the coached program and providing a more intensive treatment for those who will likely not do well. We have several additional submitted and published papers using machine learning to predict a variety of things including treatment fidelity, relationship between sleep and depression, and treatment uptake, and treatment outcome.
Also encompassing technology, I have separately submitted multiple NSF and seed grants with an interdisciplinary team at PSU (in Information Science and Technology, Statistics, and Social Psychology) to detect emotion and emotional disorders using machine learning. Our currently running grants, and future grant submissions (to NSF and NIMH) will aim to detect emotion and major depression and anxiety disorders from nonverbal cues of patients using video of their body movements analyzed with machine learning. We also have a grant that we are collecting data for to develop a database of videos that other researchers can make use of to detect emotions from body movements. We recently launched a project to collect pilot data and submitted an IRB to the Psychological Clinic (after receiving general IRB approval) to recruit patients. As I am the only clinical psychologist and the only expert on anxiety and depression disorders on this interdisciplinary team, I am crucial to the success of this work.
Continuing the technology theme, I am also part of an mhealth center of researchers from Stanford, Washington University, and Palo Alto Universities. We will continue to meet weekly via Zoom to discuss multiple ongoing and future possible projects. For example, we are currently collecting data for an Internet intervention called Iteratherapy (already validated in Europe) delivered to depressed college students at Penn State. Another technology based research project that I am currently collecting data for is an App developed by a company called Ellipsis that uses machine learning to detect anxiety or depressive disorders from voice recordings. I hope to continue to collaborate with this company for future projects.
I also received a grant from CTSI with collaborators at Penn State Hershey and Highmark on using Machine Learning with Primary Care patients to detect who needs to be referred for treatment for anxiety or depression disorders. We are currently running those machine learning analyses using data from both Highmark and Penn State Hershey. Also, I an my collaborators developed a virtual reality program for social anxiety disorder and I was approached by a colleague in Sweden to develop and test another virtual reality program. Moreover, I recently agreed to be a co-investigator with researchers at Michigan State University to resubmit a grant on a momentary intervention for depression.
Some of my work with graduate students will also continue to focus on use of Smartphones for momentary intervention. I have been working with Luc LaFreniere, Hani Zainal, Gavin Rackoff, and Jeremy Schwob to each separately design their own momentary Smartphone-based interventions for anxiety disorders. Luc has developed an intervention to prompt participants to focus on positive events and to spend time savoring them. Hani developed a mindfulness Smartphone intervention that she has continued to publish on. Jeremy Schwob, developed a Smartphone application-based intervention for the delivery of an exposure intervention and for his dissertation he is developed a worry outcome journal Smartphone intervention (to track worries and their outcomes to reduce worry). Gavin has developed an audio podcast intervention using Behavioral Activation for Major Depressive Disorder. Gavin also ran a Smartphone self-help intervention for stress during the COVID pandemic and is working on a paper to use machine learning to predict success from that program. Similarly, I will continue to work with graduate students on using machine learning to predict who will do well from smartphone interventions as well as to predict risk for the development of psychopathology..
Also incorporating Smartphone based intensive repeated measures, Irene Baik’s and Adam Calderon’s Masters are examining relationships between ongoing emotions and events to test theories of etiology and maintenance of worry. Moreover, my newest student, Valerie, has proposed to examine the ongoing relationship between sleep and emotions as well as a study on obsessive compulsive disorders and emotions. She has recently received a 5k grant to conduct the former study and was funded by NSF for her graduate work. I will also continue to do lab studies looking at theories of etiology and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms using momentary assessment. We have several that are currently ongoing. I will also continue work with Hani Zainal on collecting momentary assessment data to examine relationships beteen emotions and executive functioning. In addition to projects already mentioned, I foresee developing and testing other technology-based projects.
At the same time, I plan to continue doing basic experimental studies to examine mechanisms of treatment and/or maintenance of anxiety and depressive disorders. We have an ongoing lab study examining the effects of worry in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and testing a theory that I developed and am widely known for (Contrast Avoidance Theory). Gavin Rackoff, is also running a study to examine the effects of worry on exposure treatment, as there is some preliminary evidence that worry interferes with fear extinction. Moreover, I continue to be interested in papers on risk and protective factors for anxiety and depression.
References
Baik, S. Y., & Newman, M. G. (2023). The transdiagnostic use of worry and rumination to avoid negative emotional contrasts following negative events: A momentary assessment study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 95, 102679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102679
Baik, S. Y., & Newman, M. G. (2025). Why do individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and depression engage in worry and rumination? : A momentary assessment study of positive contrast enhancement. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 111, 102982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.102982
Barber, K. E., Rackoff, G. N., & Newman, M. G. (2023a). Day-to-day directional relationships between sleep duration and negative affect. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 172, 111437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111437
Barber, K. E., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023b). The mediating effect of stress reactivity in the 18-year relationship between generalized anxiety and depression severity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325, 502–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.041
Barber, K. E., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023c). Positive relations mediate the bidirectional connections between depression and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.082
Bartek, M. E., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Individuals’ marital instability mediates the association of their perceived childhood parental affection predicting adulthood depression across 18 years. Journal of Affective Disorders, 291, 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.091
Basterfield, C., & Newman, M. G. (2025). Development of a machine learning-based multivariable prediction model for the naturalistic course of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 110, 102978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.102978
Borkovec, T. D., Newman, M. G., & Castonguay, L. G. (2003). Cognitive- behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with integrations from interpersonal and experiential therapies. CNS Spectrums, 8(5), 382–389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900018642
Borkovec, T. D., Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., & Lytle, R. (2002). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(2), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.2.288
Boswell, J. F., Llera, S. J., Newman, M. G., & Castonguay, L. G. (2011). A case of premature termination in a treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18(3), 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.09.001
Calderon, A., Baik, S. Y., Ng, M. H. S., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Eisenberg, D., Wilfley, D. E., . . . Newman, M. G. (2024). Machine learning and Bayesian network analysis identifies psychiatric disorders and symptom associations with insomnia in a national sample of 31,285 treatment-seeking college students. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), 656. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06074-7
Castonguay, L. G., Nelson, D. L., Boswell, J. F., Nordberg, S. S., McAleavey, A. A., Newman, M. G., & Borkovec, T. D. (2012). Corrective experiences in cognitive behavior and interpersonal–emotional processing therapies: A qualitative analysis of a single case. In L. G. Castonguay & C. E. Hill (Eds.), Transformation in psychotherapy: Corrective experiences across cognitive behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches (pp. 245–279). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13747-013
Castonguay, L. G., Newman, M. G., Borkovec, T. D., Holtforth, M. G., & Maramba, G. G. (2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Assimilative Integration. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration (2nd ed., pp. 241–260). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195165791.003.0011
Castonguay, L. G., Newman, M. G., & Holtforth, M. G. (2019). Chapter 11: Cognitive-behavior assimilative integration. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration (3rd ed., pp. 228–251). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190690465.003.0011
Constantino, M. J., Castonguay, L. G., Coyne, A. E., Boswell, J. F., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Baseline overly accommodating interpersonal problems in relation to parsed alliance-outcome associations in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 33(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2022.2086836
Crits-Christoph, P., Newman, M. G., Rickels, K., Gallop, R., Gibbons, M. B. C., Hamilton, J. L., . . . Pastva, A. M. (2011). Combined medication and cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(8), 1087–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.007
Crouch, T. A., Lewis, J. A., Erickson, T. M., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Prospective investigation of the contrast avoidance model of generalized anxiety and worry. Behavior Therapy, 48(4), 544–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.10.001
D'Adamo, L. D., Paraboschi, L., Grammer, A. C., Fennig, M., Graham, A. K., Yaeger, L. H., . . . Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E. (2023). Reach and uptake of digital mental health interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy for college students: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 33(2), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2023.05.002
Dow, M. G. T., Kenardy, J. A., Johnston, D. W., Newman, M. G., Taylor, C. B., & Thomson, A. (2007a). Prognostic indices with brief and standard CBT for panic disorder: I. Predictors of outcome. Psychological Medicine, 37(10), 1493–1502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707000670
Dow, M. G. T., Kenardy, J. A., Johnston, D. W., Newman, M. G., Taylor, C. B., & Thomson, A. (2007b). Prognostic indices with brief and standard CBT for panic disorder: II. Moderators of outcome. Psychological Medicine, 37(10), 1503–1509. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707000682
Erickson, T. M., & Newman, M. G. (2007). Interpersonal and emotional processes in generalized anxiety disorder analogues during social interaction tasks. Behavior Therapy, 38(4), 364–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.10.005
Erickson, T. M., Newman, M. G., Siebert, E. C., Carlile, J. A., Scarsella, G. M., & Abelson, J. L. (2016). Does worrying mean caring too much? Interpersonal prototypicality of dimensional worry controlling for social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 47(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.08.003
Fisher, A. J., Granger, D. A., & Newman, M. G. (2010). Sympathetic arousal moderates self-reported physiological arousal symptoms at baseline and physiological flexibility in response to a stressor in generalized anxiety disorder. Biological Psychology, 83(3), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.12.007
Fisher, A. J., & Newman, M. G. (2013). Heart rate and autonomic response to stress after experimental induction of worry versus relaxation in healthy, high-worry, and generalized anxiety disorder individuals. Biological Psychology, 93(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.01.012
Fisher, A. J., & Newman, M. G. (2016). Reductions in the diurnal rigidity of anxiety predict treatment outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 79, 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.02.006
Fisher, A. J., Newman, M. G., & Molenaar, P. C. (2011). A quantitative method for the analysis of nomothetic relationships between idiographic structures: Dynamic patterns create attractor states for sustained posttreatment change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 552–563. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024069
Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Rackoff, G. N., Shah, J., Strayhorn, J. C., D'Adamo, L., DePietro, B., . . . Wilfley, D. E. (2024). Effects of chatbot components to facilitate mental health services use in individuals with eating disorders following online screening: An optimization randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 57(11), 2204–2216. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24260
Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Rojas, E., Topooco, N., Rackoff, G. N., Zainal, N. H., Eisenberg, D., . . . Newman, M. G. (2023). Training, supervision, and experience of coaches offering digital guided self-help for mental health concerns. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1217698. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217698
Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Taylor, C. B., Newman, M. G., Zainal, N. H., Rojas-Ashe, E. E., Lipson, S. K., . . . Wilfley, D. E. (2021). Harnessing mobile technology to reduce mental health disorders in college populations: A randomized controlled trial study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 103, 106320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2021.106320
Hofmann, S. G., Newman, M. G., Becker, E., Taylor, C. B., & Roth, W. T. (1995). Social phobia with and without avoidant personality disorder: Preliminary behavior therapy outcome findings. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 9(5), 427–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(95)00022-G
Jacobson, N. C., Lord, K. A., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Perceived emotional social support in bereaved spouses mediates the relationship between anxiety and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 211, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.011
Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2014). Avoidance mediates the relationship between anxiety and depression over a decade later. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(5), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.007
Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2016). Perceptions of close and group relationships mediate the relationship between anxiety and depression over a decade later. Depression and Anxiety, 33(1), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22402
Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Anxiety and depression as bidirectional risk factors for one another: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 143(11), 1155–1200. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000111
Kachin, K. E., Newman, M. G., & Pincus, A. L. (2001). An interpersonal problem approach to the division of social phobia subtypes. Behavior Therapy, 32(3), 479–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(01)80032-0
Kandemir, B., Kim, H., Newman, M. G., Adams, R. B., Li, J., & Wang, J. Z. (2023). Demographic differences and biases in affect evoked by visual features. In J. Z. Wang & R. B. Adams (Eds.), Modeling visual aesthetics, emotion, and artistic style (pp. 331– 347). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50269-9_19
Kanuri, N., Arora, P., Talluru, S., Colaco, B., Dutta, R., Rawat, A., . . . Newman, M. G. (2020). Examining the initial usability, acceptability and feasibility of a digital mental health intervention for college students in India. International Journal of Psychology, 55(4), 657–673. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12640
Kanuri, N., Newman, M. G., Ruzek, J. I., Kuhn, E., Manjula, M., Jones, M., . . . Taylor, C. B. (2015). The feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of delivering Internet-based self-help and guided self-help interventions for generalized anxiety disorder to Indian university students: Design of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research Research Protocols, 4(4), e136. https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.4783
Kenardy, J. A., Dow, M. G. T., Johnston, D. W., Newman, M. G., Thomson, A., & Taylor, C. B. (2003). A comparison of delivery methods of cognitive-Behavioral therapy for panic disorder: An international multicenter trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(6), 1068–1075. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.6.1068
Kim, H., & Newman, M. G. (2019). The paradox of relaxation training: Relaxation induced anxiety and mediation effects of contrast avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 259, 271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.045
Kim, H., & Newman, M. G. (2022). Avoidance of a negative emotional contrast from worry and rumination: An application of the contrast avoidance model. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 32(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.12.007
Kim, H., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Worry and rumination enhance a positive emotional contrast based on the framework of the Contrast Avoidance Model. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 94, 102671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102671
King, B. R., Boswell, J. F., Schwartzman, C. M., Lehrbach, K., Castonguay, L. G., & Newman, M. G. (2020). Use of common and unique techniques in the early treatment phase for cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal/emotional, and supportive listening interventions for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy, 57(3), 457–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000277
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2016). A brief ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of the worry outcome journal. Depression and Anxiety, 33(9), 829–839. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22507
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2019a). The impact of uncontrollability beliefs and thought-related distress on ecological momentary interventions for generalized anxiety disorder: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 66, 102113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102113
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2019b). Probabilistic learning by positive and negative reinforcement in generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(3), 502–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702618809366
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2020). Exposing worry’s deceit: Percentage of untrue worries in generalized anxiety disorder treatment. Behavior Therapy, 51(3), 413–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.07.003
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2023a). Reducing contrast avoidance in GAD by savoring positive emotions: Outcome and mediation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 93, 102659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102659
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2023b). Upregulating positive emotion in generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of the Skilljoy ecological momentary intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 91(6), 381–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000794
LaFreniere, L. S., & Newman, M. G. (2024). Savoring changes novel positive mindset targets of GAD treatment: Optimism, prioritizing positivity, kill-joy thinking, and worry mediation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 177, 104541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104541
Llera, S. J., & Newman, M. G. (2014). Rethinking the role of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: Evidence supporting a model of emotional contrast avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 45(3), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.12.011
Llera, S. J., & Newman, M. G. (2017). Development and validation of two measures of emotional contrast avoidance: The Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 49, 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.04.008
Llera, S. J., & Newman, M. G. (2020). Worry impairs the problem-solving process: Results from an experimental study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103759
Lu, X., Adams, R. B., Li, J., Newman, M. G., & Wang, J. Z. (2017, 23–26 Oct. 2017). An investigation into three visual characteristics of complex scenes that evoke human emotion. Proceedings of the 2017 Seventh International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII). 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACII.2017.8273637
Lu, X., Sawant, N., Newman, M. G., Adams, R. B., Wang, J. Z., & Li, J. (2016, 2016//). Identifying Emotions Aroused from Paintings. In G. Hua & H. Jégou (Eds.), Proceedings of the Computer Vision – ECCV 2016 Workshops, Cham. 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46604-0_4
Lu, X., Suryanarayan, P., Adams, R. B., Li, J., Newman, M. G., & Wang, J. Z. (2012). On shape and the computability of emotions Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia, Nara, Japan. https://doi.org/10.1145/2393347.2393384
Luo, Y., Ye, J., Adams, R. B., Jr., Li, J., Newman, M. G., & Wang, J. Z. (2020). ARBEE: Towards Automated Recognition of Bodily Expression of Emotion in the Wild. Int J Comput Vis, 128(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01215-y
Markell, H. M., Newman, M. G., Gallop, R., Gibbons, M. B., Rickels, K., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2014). Combined medication and CBT for generalized anxiety disorder with African American participants: reliability and validity of assessments and preliminary outcomes. Behavior Therapy, 45(4), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.02.008
Marr, N. S., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022). Focus on and venting of negative emotion mediates the 18-year bi-directional relations between major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 303, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.079
Newman, M. G. (1999). The clinical use of palmtop computers in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 6(3), 222–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(99)80080-7
Newman, M. G. (2000). Recommendations for a cost-offset model of psychotherapy allocation using generalized anxiety disorder as an example. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 549–555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X .68.4.549
Newman, M. G., Castonguay, L. G., Borkovec, T. D., Fisher, A. J., Boswell, J., Szkodny, L. E., & Nordberg, S. S. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder with integrated techniques from emotion-focused and interpersonal therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022489
Newman, M. G., Castonguay, L. G., Borkovec, T. D., Fisher, A. J., & Nordberg, S. S. (2008). An open trial of integrative therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 45(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.135
Newman, M. G., Castonguay, L. G., Jacobson, N. C., & Moore, G. A. (2015). Adult attachment as a moderator of treatment outcome for generalized anxiety disorder: Comparison between cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) plus supportive listening and CBT plus interpersonal and emotional processing therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(5), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039359
Newman, M. G., Consoli, A. J., & Taylor, C. B. (1999). A palmtop computer program for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Modification, 23(4), 597–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445599234005
Newman, M. G., Crits-Christoph, P., Connelly Gibbons, M. B., & Erickson, T. M. (2006). Participant factors in treating anxiety disorders. In L. G. Castonguay & L. E. Beutler (Eds.), Principles of therapeutic change that work (pp. 121–154). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195156843.003.0006
Newman, M. G., & Fisher, A. J. (2010). Expectancy/credibility change as a mediator of cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Mechanism of action or proxy for symptom change? International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3, 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2010.3.3.245
Newman, M. G., & Fisher, A. J. (2013). Mediated moderation in combined cognitive behavioral therapy versus component treatments for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(3), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031690
Newman, M. G., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Baik, S. Y., Zainal, N. H., Calderon, A., Rackoff, G. N., . . . Wilfley, D. E. (2025). Effectiveness of a population-based randomized digital guided self-help intervention for anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in college students. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes? Behavior Therapy, 25(3), 503–517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80160-1
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., & Castonguay, L. G. (2014a). Interpersonal and emotion-focused processing psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. In P. M. Emmelkamp & T. Ehring (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders (pp. 840–851). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118775349.ch41
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., Erickson, T., & Fisher, A. J. (2016a). Interpersonal problems predict differential response to cognitive and behavioral therapies in a randomized controlled trial. SITAR Newsletter. https://sitarnewsletter.weebly.com/the-clinical-angle---newman.html
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., Erickson, T. M., & Fisher, A. J. (2017). Interpersonal problems predict differential response to cognitive versus behavioral treatment in a randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 48(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.05.005
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., Rackoff, G. N., Jones Bell, M., & Taylor, C. B. (2021a). A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based application for the treatment of anxiety. Psychotherapy Research, 31(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1790688
Newman, M. G., Jacobson, N. C., Zainal, N. H., Shin, K. E., Szkodny, L. E., & Sliwinski, M. J. (2019a). The effects of worry in daily life: An ecological momentary assessment study supporting the tenets of the contrast avoidance model. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(4), 794–810. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619827019
Newman, M. G., Kanuri, N., Rackoff, G. N., Jacobson, N. C., Bell, M. J., & Taylor, C. B. (2021b). A randomized controlled feasibility trial of internet-delivered guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among university students in India. Psychotherapy, 58(4), 591–601. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000383
Newman, M. G., Kenardy, J., Herman, S., & Taylor, C. B. (1996). The use of hand-held computers as an adjunct to cognitive-behavior therapy. Computers in Human Behavior, 12(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(95)00024-0
Newman, M. G., Kenardy, J., Herman, S., & Taylor, C. B. (1997). Comparison of palmtop-computer-assisted brief cognitive-behavioral treatment to cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.65.1.178
Newman, M. G., Lafreniere, L. S., & Jacobson, N. C. (2018). Relaxation-induced anxiety: Effects of peak and trajectories of change on treatment outcome for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 28(4), 616–629. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1253891
Newman, M. G., & Llera, S. J. (2011). A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: A review and synthesis of research supporting a Contrast Avoidance Model of worry. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.008
Newman, M. G., Llera, S. J., Erickson, T. M., Przeworski, A., & Castonguay, L. G. (2013). Worry and generalized anxiety disorder: A review and theoretical synthesis of research on nature, etiology, and treatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185544
Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Consoli, A. J., & Taylor, C. B. (2014b). A randomized controlled trial of ecological momentary intervention plus brief group therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy, 51(2), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032519
Newman, M. G., Przeworski, A., Fisher, A. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2010). Diagnostic comorbidity in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: Impact of comorbidity on psychotherapy outcome and impact of psychotherapy on comorbid diagnoses. Behavior Therapy, 41(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.12.005
Newman, M. G., Rackoff, G. N., Zhu, Y., & Kim , H. (2023). A transdiagnostic evaluation of contrast avoidance across generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 93, 102662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102662
Newman, M. G., Schwob, J. T., & Rackoff, G. N. (2022a). Within-day sudden gains and generalized anxiety disorder psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy, 59(3), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000445
Newman, M. G., Schwob, J. T., Rackoff, G. N., Shin, K. E., Kim, H., & Van Doren, N. (2022b). The naturalistic reinforcement of worry from positive and negative emotional contrasts: Results from a momentary assessment study within social interactions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 92, 102634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102634
Newman, M. G., Shin, K. E., & Lanza, S. T. (2019b). Time-varying moderation of treatment outcomes by illness duration and comorbid depression in generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(3), 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000385
Newman, M. G., Shin, K. E., & Zuellig, A. R. (2016b). Developmental risk factors in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 206, 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.008
Newman, M. G., & Zainal, N. H. (2020). Interpersonal and emotion-focused therapy (I/EP) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In A. L. Gerlach & A. T. Gloster (Eds.), Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worrying (pp. 231–244). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119189909.ch11
Przeworski, A., & Newman, M. G. (2004). Palmtop computer-assisted group therapy for social phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10246
Rackoff, G. N., Fitzimmons-Craft, E., Taylor, C. B., Eisenberg, D., Wilfley, D. E., & Newman, M. G. (2022). A randomized controlled trial of internet-based self-help for stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Adolescent Health, 71(2), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.227
Rackoff, G. N., & Newman, M. G. (2020). Reduced positive affect on days with stress exposure predicts depression, anxiety disorders, and low trait positive affect 7 years later. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(8), 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000639
Rackoff, G. N., Zhang, Z. Z., & Newman, M. G. (2025). Chatbot-delivered mental health support: Attitudes and utilization in a sample of U.S. college students. Digital Health, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241313401
Sanghvi, D., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Trait self-acceptance mediates parental childhood abuse predicting depression and anxiety symptoms in adulthood. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 94, 102673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102673
Sarkar, N., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024). Self-esteem mediates child abuse predicting adulthood anxiety, depression, and substance use symptoms 18 years later. Journal of Affective Disorders, 365, 542–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.107
Schwob, J. T., & Newman, M. G. (2023). Brief imaginal exposure exercises for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial of a self-help momentary intervention app. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 98, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102749
Shin, K. E., & Newman, M. G. (2018). Using retrieval cues to attenuate return of fear in individuals with public speaking anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 49(2), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.07.011
Shin, K. E., & Newman, M. G. (2019). Self- and other-perceptions of interpersonal problems: Effects of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 65, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.04.005
Soto, J. A., Albrecht Soto, S. L., Perez, C. R., Posada Rodriguez, C., & Newman, M. G. (2025). Examining the effectiveness of positive reappraisal in the context of discrimination. Emotion, 25(1), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001422
Swisher, V., & Newman, M. G. (2024). Avoidance of negative emotional contrasts as a diagnostic feature of OCD: A receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires. European Psychiatry, 67(Suppl. 1), S357–S358. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.736
Swisher, V. S., & Newman, M. G. (2025). Contrast avoidance as a diagnostic feature of OCD: A receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires. Journal of Affective Disorders, 368, 734–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.117
Topooco, N., Fowler, L. A., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., DePietro, B., Vazquez, M., Firebaugh, M.-L., . . . Taylor, C. B. (2022). Digital interventions to address mental health needs in colleges: Perspectives of student stakeholders. Internet Interventions, 28, 100528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100528
Van Doren, N., Zhu, Y., Vazquez, M. M., Shah, J., Grammer, A. C., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., . . . Newman, M. G. (2024). Racial and ethnic disparities in barriers to mental health treatment in United States college students. Psychiatric Services, 75(9), 839–846. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.20230185
Wang, J. Z., Zhao, S., Wu, C., Adams, R. B., Newman, M. G., Shafir, T., & Tsachor, R. (2023). Unlocking the emotional world of visual media: An overview of the science, research, and impact of emotion understanding. Proceedings of the IEE, 111(10), 1236–1286. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3273517
Win, E., Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Trait anger expression mediates childhood trauma predicting for adulthood anxiety, depressive, and alcohol use disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 288, 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.086
Ye, J., Li, J., Newman, M. G., Adams, R. B., & Wang, J. Z. (2019). Probabilistic multigraph modeling for improving the quality of crowdsourced affective data. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 10(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2017.2678472
Zainal, N. H., Chan, W. W., Saxena, A. P., Taylor, C. B., & Newman, M. G. (2021). Pilot randomized trial of self-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 147, 103984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103984
Zainal, N. H., Eckhardt, R., Rackoff, G. N., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Rojas-Ashe, E., Taylor, C. B., . . . Newman, M. G. (2025a). Capitalizing on natural language processing (NLP) to automate the evaluation of coach implementation fidelity in guided digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (GdCBT). Psychological Medicine, 55, 1–13, e106. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000340
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2018). Executive function and other cognitive deficits are distal risk factors of generalized anxiety disorder 9 years later. Psychological Medicine, 48(12), 2045–2053. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717003579
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2019). Relation between cognitive and behavioral strategies and future change in common mental health problems across 18 years. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(4), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000428
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2021a). Depression and executive functioning bidirectionally impair one another across 9 years: Evidence from within-person latent change and cross-lagged models. European Psychiatry, 64(1), e43. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2217
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2021b). Mindfulness enhances cognitive functioning: A meta-analysis of 100 randomized controlled trials. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vzxw7
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2021c). Within-person increase in pathological worry predicts future depletion of unique executive functioning domains. Psychological Medicine, 51(10), 1676 – 1686. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000422
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022a). Curiosity helps: Growth in need for cognition bidirectionally predicts future reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms across 10 years. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 642–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.001
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022b). Depression and worry symptoms predict future executive functioning impairment via inflammation. Psychological Medicine, 52(15), 3625–3635. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000398
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022c). Inflammation mediates depression and generalized anxiety symptoms predicting executive function impairment after 18 years. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.077
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022d). Life satisfaction prevents decline in working memory, spatial cognition, and processing speed: Latent change score analyses across 23 years. European Psychiatry, 65(1), e27. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.19
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023a). Corrigendum: Curiosity does help to protect against anxiety and depression symptoms but not conversely. Journal of Affective Disorders, 323, 894–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.038
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023b). Elevated anxious and depressed mood relates to future executive dysfunction in older adults: A longitudinal network analysis of psychopathology and cognitive functioning. Clinical Psychological Science, 11(2), 218–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026221114076
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023c). Prospective network analysis of proinflammatory proteins, lipid markers, and depression components in midlife community women. Psychological Medicine, 53(11), 5267 – 5278. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172200232X
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2023d). A randomized controlled trial of a 14-day mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI) for generalized anxiety disorder. European Psychiatry, 66(1), e12. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024a). Examining the effects of a brief, fully self-guided mindfulness ecological momentary intervention on empathy and theory-of-mind for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e54412. https://doi.org/10.2196/54412
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024b). Mindfulness enhances cognitive functioning: A meta-analysis of 111 randomized controlled trials. Health Psychology Review, 18(2), 369–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2023.2248222
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024c). Treatment as a moderator and executive function as a mediator of the effect of a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 54(13), 3715–3728. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724001958
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024d). Treatment condition as a moderator and change in trait mindfulness as a mediator of a brief mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder. European Psychiatry., 67(1), e40. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1750
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024e). Which client with generalized anxiety disorder benefits from a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention versus a self-monitoring app? Developing a multivariable machine learning predictive model. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 102, 102825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102825
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2025). Who engages? Machine learning insights into digital mindfulness-based intervention for generalized anxiety disorder. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Zainal, N. H., Tan, H. H., Hong, R. Y., & Newman, M. G. (2024a). Is a brief mindfulness ecological momentary intervention more efficacious than a self-monitoring app for social anxiety disorder? A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 104, 102858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102858
Zainal, N. H., Tan, H. H., Hong, R. Y., & Newman, M. G. (2025b). Prescriptive predictors of mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for social anxiety disorder: Machine learning analysis of randomized controlled trial data. JMIR Mental Health, 12, e67210. https://doi.org/10.2196/67210
Zainal, N. H., Tan, H. H., Hong, R. Y. S., & Newman, M. G. (2024b). Testing the efficacy of a brief self-guided mindfulness ecological momentary intervention on emotion regulation and self-compassion in social anxiety disorder: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 11, e53712. https://doi.org/10.2196/53712