LIBERATION OF MINSK

03.07.2024       On this day in 1944, Minsk was liberated from the Nazi invaders. During the Great Patriotic War, during Operation Bagration, Soviet troops liberated Minsk from the Nazi invaders.  Today is Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus.

The Minsk offensive operation of the Red Army forces against German troops during the Great Patriotic War took place from June 29 to July 4, 1944; it is an integral part of the Belarusian Operation Bagration (June 23 - August 29, 1944). During the Minsk operation, the capital of Belarus was liberated by the forces of the 1st 2nd and 3rd Belorussian Fronts with the support of the 1st Baltic Front. Minsk was the most important strategic hub of the German defense in the western direction.

TRAFFIC POLICE DAY

03.07.2024       Day of the State Traffic Inspectorate. On July 3, Russia celebrates the professional holiday of employees of the State Road Safety Inspectorate (STSI). Officially, the event is young - it was established at the state level only in 2009. Employees of the department have been receiving congratulations on this day for almost 100 years.

USA INDEPENDENCE DAY

04.07.2024       The US national holiday is Independence Day. July 4th is the main holiday in the United States of America. Independence Day is the day of the adoption of the US Declaration of Independence in 1776, which proclaims the independence of the United States from the Kingdom of Great Britain. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring the separation of the North American colonies from Great Britain. After the War of 1812, the celebration became a tradition in the developing country. Then the holiday began to rapidly gain popularity. The Library of Congress notes that major historical events of the 19th century, such as the groundbreaking ceremonies of the Erie Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, occurred on the Fourth of July. 

ALICE IN WONDERLAND

04.07.2024       In 1865, the first edition of Lewis Carroll's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published.

One day while out for a walk, 10-year-old Alice Liddell asked her mathematics teacher Charles Dodgson to compose a wonderful story for her and her sisters Edith and Lorina. Dodgson, who had told Dean Liddell's children stories before, readily agreed.

This time he told his sisters about the adventures of a little girl in the Underground Country, where she ended up after falling into the White Rabbit's hole. The main character very much resembled Alice herself, and some of the secondary characters resembled her sisters Lorina and Edith. Alice Liddell liked the story so much that she asked the teacher to write it down.

Dodgson promised, but still had to be reminded several times. Finally, he complied with Alice's request and presented her with a manuscript called "Alice's Adventures Underground." Later the author decided to rewrite the book. In the spring of 1863, he sent it to his friend George MacDonald for review. Dodgson presented a new version of the book to his favorite for Christmas in 1863.

You have to run as fast as you can just to stay in place, and to get somewhere you have to run at least twice as fast!

Tomorrow never happens today! Is it possible to wake up in the morning and say: “Well, it’s finally tomorrow”?

If every person minded his own business, the Earth would spin faster.

FIRST TRAVEL AGENCY

05.07.2024       On this day in 1841, Thomas Cook opened the first travel agency. The 33-year-old Baptist preacher and active fighter against the rampant drunkenness in England at the time, Thomas Cook, organized the world's first group tourist trip.

At his insistence, the Midland Counties Railway provided a special train to take 570 workers on a scenic route between Leicester and Loughborough in Leicestershire, Midland.

570 “friends of temperance” were loaded into nine open carriages. Subsequently, for advertising purposes, the railways began to provide Cook with discounts, which made it possible to organize recreational trips for people with the most limited financial resources. Therefore, there were not hundreds, but thousands of clients.

His excursions and travels were based on a very effective principle: "Getting the maximum benefit for the maximum number of people at the minimum cost."

NICHOLAS THE FIRST

06.07.2024       On this day, in 1796, the Sovereign - Emperor of the Russian Empire Nicholas the First was born.

Nicholas I - Nikolai Pavlovich Romanov 1796 - 1855

Sovereign - Emperor of the Russian Empire.

Tsar of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland

Grandson of Empress Catherine II

Son of Emperor Paul I

Father of Emperor Alexander II

U.S. DOLLAR

06.07.2024       In 1785, the dollar officially became the national currency of the United States. After the Americans won independence, it became bad manners for the Yankees to use British pounds and shillings. 

On July 6, 1785, at the suggestion of Thomas Jefferson, the Continental Congress of the United States declared that the country's main currency would henceforth be the dollar. Thus, the United States became the first state to adopt the word “dollar” as the official name of the national currency.

In 1792, the Philadelphia Mint was created, where the first American dollars were minted. The appearance of the paper dollar was constantly changing. It received its modern appearance in 1928.

CARDIOLOGIST'S DAY

06.07.2024       World Cardiologist Day. The holiday was established in 2000 by the UN World Heart Federation.

Cardiologist - The doctor everyone meets. 90% of diseases in the modern world are associated with the condition and functioning of the cardiovascular system.

IVAN KUPALA DAY

07.07.2024       The popular name for the church holiday of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, the herald of the Savior, who announced his coming and later baptized Jesus Christ in the waters of the Jordan River. John proclaimed the approach of the Kingdom of God, called on people to repent of their sins and undergo the rite of purification and baptism in the waters of the Jordan, and instructed them to share with their neighbors and not harm them.

The date of birth of John the Baptist fell on the day of the summer solstice and the period of the ancient pagan holiday of Kupala, one of the brightest and most revered among the Eastern Slavs. The pagan character of the holiday was preserved in Russia for many centuries until the 19th century. Its special significance was due to the fact that Ivan Kupala was celebrated at the turn of two periods of the solar cycle, which formed the basis of the ancient agricultural calendar. This was the moment of highest solar activity, after which the day became shorter and the night longer.

VICTORY DAY POLTAVA

08.07.2024       The Russian army of Peter I defeated the Swedish army of Charles XII in the Battle of Poltava. (June 27) On July 8, 1709, the decisive episode of the Great Northern War (1700-1721) took place - the Battle of Poltava, which took place 6 versts from the city of Poltava (Russian Kingdom). The Russian army of Peter I and the Swedish army of Charles XII took part in it.

After Peter I conquered Livonia from the Swedes and founded the new fortified city of St. Petersburg, the Swedish king Charles XII decided to attack central Russia and capture Moscow.

He led his army to Moscow from the south, through Ukraine, and this was his main mistake. Unfavorable climatic conditions prevented him. By the time the Swedish army approached Poltava, Karl was wounded, lost a third of his army, and his rear was attacked by Cossacks and Kalmyks.

FAMILY DAY

08.07.2024       Day of Family, Love and Fidelity. The Day of Family, Love and Fidelity is a holiday in Russia, which is celebrated on July 8 and is dedicated to the Orthodox day of remembrance of the saints Prince Peter and his wife Fevronia.

Officially established as a holiday in Russia by presidential decree of June 28, 2022.

MOTHER HEROINE'S DAY

08.07.2024       The title and order “Mother Heroine”, “Maternal Glory” and “Motherhood Medal” were introduced. In 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the honorary title and order “Mother Heroine”, as well as the order of three degrees “Maternal Glory” and the “Motherhood Medal” of two degrees.

The title and order “Mother Heroine” were introduced as a reward for mothers who gave birth and raised at least 10 children (the last child must be at least 1 year old, the remaining 9 or older children must be alive).

Under similar conditions, the Order of “Maternal Glory” was awarded to mothers of 9–7 children, and the “Medal of Motherhood” – to mothers of 6 and 5 children.

CATHERINE II

09.07.2024       In 1762, as a result of a palace coup, Catherine II ascended to the Russian throne.

On the night of (June 28) July 9, 1762, when Russian Emperor Peter III was in Oranienbaum, his wife Catherine secretly arrived in St. Petersburg and was proclaimed autocratic empress in the barracks of the Izmailovsky regiment. Soon soldiers from other regiments joined the rebels. The news of Catherine's accession to the throne quickly spread throughout the city and was greeted with delight by St. Petersburg residents.

To prevent the actions of the deposed emperor, messengers were sent to the army and to Kronstadt. Meanwhile, Peter III, having learned about what had happened, began to send proposals for negotiations to Catherine, but they were rejected. Realizing the hopelessness of resistance, he abdicated the throne, after which he was taken into custody and died under unclear circumstances.

Catherine ascended the throne with a well-defined political program, based, on the one hand, on the ideas of the Enlightenment and, on the other, taking into account the peculiarities of the historical development of Russia. The most important principles of the implementation of her program were gradualism, consistency, and consideration of public sentiment.

WIMBLEDON

09.07.2024       In 1877, the first tennis tournament took place at Wimbledon. In 1868, the All England Croquet Club was formed on rented land in Worple Road, southwest London. In 1872, a certain John Walsh, in order to enroll his beloved daughter as lifelong members of the club, gave the croquet players a lawn mowing machine.

In addition to croquet, the players also enjoyed lawn tennis. Soon the popularity of the game grew so much that the first tennis court had to be built in 1875 and tennis was introduced into the name of the club.

ST BASIL'S CHURCH

12.07.2024      In 1561, the Intercession Cathedral, also known as St. Basil's Cathedral, was consecrated on Red Square in Moscow.

The Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary on the Moat was built in the 16th century. Previously, on this site there was a stone Trinity Church with a small cemetery, where the holy fool for Christ’s sake, St. Basil the Blessed, was buried. When Russian troops took Kazan in 1552, Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered wooden churches to be built on Red Square to commemorate this victory. In 1555-1561, in their place, Russian architects Barma and Postnik erected a stone nine-altar church in the name of the Intercession.

The consecration of the Intercession Church and, accordingly, the entire cathedral took place (June 29) on July 8, 1561. But today the “birthday” of the temple is considered to be July 12 (since, according to the rules of the Russian Orthodox Church, the number 13 is added to all dates of the old style when converted to the new one). The exact date of consecration became known thanks to the discovery by restorers in 1957 of a temple inscription made by architects in the central church of the cathedral. The cathedral includes eight separate churches, symbolizing the days of the main battles for Kazan. Between the four axial pillar-shaped churches - Trinity, Nikolai Velikoretsky, Entrance to Jerusalem, Cyprian and Ustinia - the builders placed smaller churches: the Three Patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexander of Svir, Varlaam of Khutyn, Gregory of Armenia.

ST BASIL'S CHURCH

12.07.2024      In 1561, the Intercession Cathedral, also known as St. Basil's Cathedral, was consecrated on Red Square in Moscow.

The Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary on the Moat was built in the 16th century. Previously, on this site there was a stone Trinity Church with a small cemetery, where the holy fool for Christ’s sake, St. Basil the Blessed, was buried. When Russian troops took Kazan in 1552, Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered wooden churches to be built on Red Square to commemorate this victory. In 1555-1561, in their place, Russian architects Barma and Postnik erected a stone nine-altar church in the name of the Intercession.

The consecration of the Intercession Church and, accordingly, the entire cathedral took place (June 29) on July 8, 1561. But today the “birthday” of the temple is considered to be July 12 (since, according to the rules of the Russian Orthodox Church, the number 13 is added to all dates of the old style when converted to the new one). The exact date of consecration became known thanks to the discovery by restorers in 1957 of a temple inscription made by architects in the central church of the cathedral. The cathedral includes eight separate churches, symbolizing the days of the main battles for Kazan. Between the four axial pillar-shaped churches - Trinity, Nikolai Velikoretsky, Entrance to Jerusalem, Cyprian and Ustinia - the builders placed smaller churches: the Three Patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexander of Svir, Varlaam of Khutyn, Gregory of Armenia.

KURSK 1943

12.07.2024      During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle of World War II took place.

This battle, known as the Battle of Prokhorovka, became part of a grandiose strategic operation that went down in history as the Battle of Kursk. During this battle, the Nazi command hoped to encircle and destroy the Soviet troops wedged into their defensive line in the area of ​​Kursk, Orel and Belgorod.

The Soviet command was informed about the plans of the Nazis and the start date of the operation. In order to weaken the potential of the German offensive, the Soviet army launched a powerful pre-emptive artillery strike on German positions, which largely disorganized Nazi battle formations. As a result of this, the German offensive began with a significant delay, and the force of its impact was much weaker.

On July 12, 1943, in the area of ​​the Prokhorovka railway station (56 km north of Belgorod), the advancing German tank group (4th Tank Army, Task Force Kempf) was stopped by a counterattack by Soviet troops (5th Guards Army, 5th Guards Tank Army). More than 1,200 tanks and self-propelled guns took part in the battle on both sides. Air support for the German strike force was provided by aviation from Army Group South.

KURSK 1943

12.07.2024      During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle of World War II took place.

This battle, known as the Battle of Prokhorovka, became part of a grandiose strategic operation that went down in history as the Battle of Kursk. During this battle, the Nazi command hoped to encircle and destroy the Soviet troops wedged into their defensive line in the area of ​​Kursk, Orel and Belgorod.

The Soviet command was informed about the plans of the Nazis and the start date of the operation. In order to weaken the potential of the German offensive, the Soviet army launched a powerful pre-emptive artillery strike on German positions, which largely disorganized Nazi battle formations. As a result of this, the German offensive began with a significant delay, and the force of its impact was much weaker.

On July 12, 1943, in the area of ​​the Prokhorovka railway station (56 km north of Belgorod), the advancing German tank group (4th Tank Army, Task Force Kempf) was stopped by a counterattack by Soviet troops (5th Guards Army, 5th Guards Tank Army). More than 1,200 tanks and self-propelled guns took part in the battle on both sides. Air support for the German strike force was provided by aviation from Army Group South.

SOCCER WORLD CUP

13.07.2024      In 1930, the first ever FIFA World Cup began in Uruguay. The choice of Uruguay as the venue for the sporting event was not accidental. The national team of this country won the VIII Olympic Games in 1924 in Paris and the IX Olympic Games in 1928 in Amsterdam, after which this Latin American country received the right to host the first world championship in the most spectacular sport - football.

Especially for these competitions, a new stadium was built in Montevideo, which in honor of the anniversary of independence was called “Centenario” - “centenary”. The Uruguayan side covered all expenses for accommodation of championship guests. The tournament was attended by 13 teams from France, Yugoslavia, Romania, Belgium, Peru, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay.

STORM OF JERUSALEM

14.07.2024      In 1099, participants in the first crusade began the assault on Jerusalem. In July 1099, a Crusader army of 1,200–1,300 knights and 12,000 infantry led by the French Duke Godfrey of Bouillon reached Jerusalem.

At dawn on July 14, 1099, the assault on the city began. The crusaders tried to move siege towers to the walls of Jerusalem, but they were hampered by the deep ditch surrounding the city. The assault continued all day, but the city held out. As night fell, both sides remained awake - the Muslims feared that another attack would follow, and the Christians feared that the besieged would somehow manage to set fire to the siege weapons. On the morning of July 15, when the ditch was filled in, the crusaders were finally able to freely bring the towers closer to the fortress walls.

They threw wooden walkways over the walls and rushed into the city. Seeing that the city had fallen, the emir of the garrison of the Tower of David surrendered and opened the gates of the city. After the victors broke into the city, the massacre began. The Crusaders struck everyone with a sword - Muslims, Jews, and even the few Christians remaining in the city, turning the Holy City into a real massacre.

TAKING OF THE BASTILLE

14.07.2024      In 1789, the storming of the Bastille marked the beginning of the French bourgeois revolution. The storming of the Bastille is considered the beginning of the French bourgeois revolution.

The reason for the siege of the Bastille was rumors about the decision of King Louis XVI to disperse the Constituent Assembly formed on July 9, 1789 and about the removal of the reformer Jacques Necker from the post of state controller of finance.

Outraged Parisians, armed with anything, on July 14, 1789, took to the streets and squares of the city and moved towards the Bastille. The assault on the fortress lasted about four hours. The crowd broke into the fortress, the chief of the garrison was torn to pieces, and the fortress itself suffered considerable damage. Seven prisoners held in the fortress were released. Frightened by the scale of the uprising, the king was forced to make concessions.

FIRST CAR

14.07.2024      In 1896, the first Russian car was presented at the All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod. The first Russian car with an internal combustion engine was tested in May 1896, and on July 14 the model was exhibited at the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod and made demonstration trips there.

The car was a four-stroke engine with one horizontal cylinder, which was located in the rear of the body and developed a power of 1.5-2 hp. Water was used to cool the cylinder, and the heat exchangers were two brass containers located along the sides at the rear of the machine. The ignition of the mixture was electric (a battery of dry cells and a patented spark plug), while many engines of those years used a glow tube. The car had a two-seater body, two brakes, weighed about 300 kg and reached speeds of up to 20 km/h.

Emperor Nicholas II did not pay attention to the new product when visiting the exhibition. Nevertheless, Yakovlev and Frese persistently advertised their products and continued work on “self-propelled carriages.” However, after Yakovlev's death, his plant passed into the hands of another owner who was not interested in cars.

TRANSSIB

14.07.2024      In 1903, the Great Siberian Route (Trans-Siberian Railway) was put into operation. In 1891, Emperor Alexander III signed a rescript on the construction of the Great Siberian Road near Vladivostok: “I now command that we begin the construction of a continuous railway across the whole of Siberia, which will connect the Siberian regions, abundant in natural gifts, with a network of internal rail communications.”

Construction of this railway began two months later. In the autumn of 1901, the rails were joined, and (1) on July 14, 1903, the Great Siberian Railway was put into operation.

The starting point of the Trans-Siberian Railway is the Yaroslavsky railway station in Moscow, and the final point is the railway station in Vladivostok. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the territory of 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and five federal districts, with 87 cities located along the way.

It crosses 16 major rivers: Volga, Vyatka, Kama, Tobol, Irtysh, Ob, Tom, Chulym, Yenisei, Oka, Selenga, Zeya, Bureya, Amur, Khor, Ussuri, for 207 kilometers it runs along Lake Baikal and 39 kilometers - along the shore of the Amur Bay of the Sea of ​​Japan.

The actual length of the Trans-Siberian Railway along the main passenger route (Moscow-Vladivostok) is 9288.2 km. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the territory of two parts of the world - Europe (19.1 percent of the length) and Asia (80.9 percent).

KATYUSHA 1941

14.07.2024      In 1941, the famous “Katyusha” was used in battle for the first time.

“Katyusha” became the first mobile multi-charge multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) created in the USSR. At the beginning of July 1941, the first Separate experimental battery of field rocket artillery of the Red Army was formed, led by Captain Ivan Flerov, armed with seven of these combat installations.

On July 14, 1941, the battery fired a salvo at the railway junction of the city of Orsha, captured by fascist troops. This became the Katyusha's baptism of fire. As a result of a powerful fire strike, 112 rockets simultaneously destroyed enemy trains, ammunition and the crossing of the Orshitsa River. Thus, the enemy’s crossing was disrupted and he was unable to develop success in this direction.

NEVSKAYA BATTLE

15.07.2024      In 1240, Russian troops defeated the Swedes at the Battle of the Neva. In the 30s of the 13th century, German crusaders, under the pretext of converting pagan Baltic tribes to Christianity, seized their possessions, approaching the border of Western Russian lands. Counting on the weakening of the Russian principalities after the Mongol invasion, the Swedish and German knights believed in an easy victory over Novgorod and Pskov.

In 1238, the Pope blessed the King of Sweden for a crusade against the Novgorod lands, and promised absolution to all participants in this campaign.

In 1239, the Swedes and Germans agreed on joint actions: the former were to attack Novgorod from the north, from the Neva River, and the latter through Izborsk and Pskov.

10 YEARS OF TRAGEDY IN THE METRO

15.07.2024     In 2014, a disaster occurred in the Moscow metro. In 2014, a terrible tragedy occurred in the Moscow metro - the largest man-made disaster in the history of the capital's subway. On this day, at 08.39 hours (Moscow time), between the “Victory Park” and “Slavyansky Boulevard” stations of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya (“blue”) metro line, after an abrupt stop of the train, which crashed into the concrete wall of the tunnel at full speed, three the carriages went off the rails. As a result of the accident, 21 people died on the spot, including the train driver; another 3 people died from serious bodily injuries during the first 24 hours after the accident. In total, 217 people were injured, more than half of them were seriously injured, 150 were hospitalized.

CHURCH SCHISM

16.07.2024     В 1054 году произошел окончательный раскол Христианской Церкви — на римско-католическую и православную.  

В 1054 году римский папа Лев IX послал в Константинополь своих послов-легатов во главе с кардиналом Гумбертом для разрешения конфликта, начало которому было положено закрытием в 1053 году латинских церквей в Константинополе. Однако найти путь к примирению не удалось, и 16 июля 1054 года в соборе Святой Софии папские легаты объявили о низложении Константинопольского патриарха Михаила Кирулария и его отлучении от Церкви.

В ответ на это 20 июля патриарх предал анафеме папу и его легатов. Это послужило расколу Христианской Церкви, в результате которого окончательно обособились: римско-католическая церковь на Западе и православная на Востоке.

Раскол имел множество предпосылок и причин, коренившихся в обрядовых, догматических и этических различия между западной и восточной Церквями.

Разными были языки богослужения: латынь в западной церкви и греческий – в восточной. Кроме того, имели место имущественные споры, а также прямая борьба папы римского и константинопольского патриарха за первенство среди других христианских первосвященников. Покинув Константинополь, папские легаты отправились в Рим окружным путем, чтобы оповестить об отлучении Михаила Кирулария других восточных патриархов.

Среди прочих городов они посетили Киев, где встретились с древнерусскими клириками и были приняты при княжеском дворе. При этом русская Церковь сохранила приверженность православию. Церковный раскол не преодолён до сих пор, хотя в 1965 году по решению римского папы и константинопольского патриарха взаимные проклятия были сняты.

MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV

16.07.2024     In 1748, Mikhail Lomonosov first formulated the “universal natural law” - the law of conservation of matter.

The encyclopedist scientist (physicist and astronomer, historian and philologist) Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was also an outstanding chemist of his time. At the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, he officially held the position of professor of chemistry.

This science, showing how “new ones are generated from several taken bodies,” led to knowledge of the internal structure of matter. For a long time, Lomonosov sought to open a special chemical laboratory at the academy, without which it would be impossible to conduct even basic scientific experiments. Thanks to his persistence, the laboratory was eventually created, and thus the basis for the implementation of an epoch-making scientific discovery - the "universal natural law", also known as the "law of conservation of matter" - emerged.

Its rationale was first given in a letter from Lomonosov dated (5) July 16, 1748, addressed to the great mathematician Leonhard Euler.

WASHINGTON - USA CAPITAL

16.07.2024     In 1790, the US Congress decided to allocate a special territory for the construction of the new capital of the country - Washington.

After the victorious war of the inhabitants of the British colonies of North America for independence from England and the proclamation of the United States, the new country had several temporary capitals. The last of them were New York and Philadelphia. The president and the government worked there, and meetings of Congress were also held there.

However, the first US President George Washington, elected in 1789, believed that none of the administrative centers of the then States should be declared the capital. He did not want this or that state to consider itself “capital” and thus claim primacy and special status in the federal state.

Therefore, at the insistence of Washington, on July 16, 1790, Congress decided to found a new capital city near the Potomac River, in the territory of a special “Federal District of Columbia”, formed on lands demarcated along the border of the states of Virginia and Maryland.

FIRST NUCLEAR EXPLOSION

16.07.2024     In 1945, the world's first nuclear explosion was carried out at the Los Alamos test site.

In the early 1940s, the physical principles of a nuclear explosion were developed in the United States (the so-called “Manhattan Project”).

On July 16, 1945, at the test site near Los Alamos (another name is Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA), the world's first atomic device was exploded above ground. The flash from it was visible at a distance of 290 km, and the sound was heard at a distance of up to 160 km.

In preparation for the nuclear test, a 30-meter tower was built at the test site. On July 12, the assembly of a uranium-plutonium atomic charge began, the power of which was 20-22 kilotons. Two days later, the almost finished nuclear device (without detonators) was lifted to the top of the tower. On the night of July 15, detonators were installed on it.

CHILDREN'S DAY

01.06.2024       International Children's Day. After World War II, new international organizations emerged to help vulnerable groups. Children's Day was established in 1949 by the Paris Congress of the International Democratic Federation of Women. The holiday was created to take care of the well-being of those who lost their parents and homes during the war years. It was first celebrated on June 1, 1950; celebrations took place in 51 countries around the world. The USSR joined them in 1954. Today, the main thing in this holiday is attention and care. It is celebrated differently in different countries, depending on the interests and favorite activities of children. In Russia, on the first day of summer, cultural and sporting events are usually held for the whole family: festivals, concerts, competitions and charity events.

RUSSIA DAY

12.06.2024       06.12.2024  Russia Day, which is celebrated annually in my country on June 12, is the only public holiday falling in the summer that is entitled to its own non-working day. This is one of the youngest among all the “red days” of the calendar - its history goes back just over three decades.

Until 2002, Russia Day was known as the Day of Adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia. It was on June 12, 1990 that this document was adopted, which, in particular, establishes “the supremacy of the Constitution of the RSFSR and the laws of the RSFSR throughout the entire territory of the RSFSR.”. 

THE ASCENSION OF THE LORD

13.06.2024       Ascension of the Lord. 

KURBAN BAYRAM

16.06.2024       Kurban Bayram. A big holiday for Muslims.

MEDICAL WORKER'S DAY

18.05.2024       Medical Worker Day.

PRINCE IGOR

18.06.2024       Transfer of the relics of the blessed Prince Igor (George).

PARENTS SATURDAY

22.06.2024       Trinity Parents' Saturday.

SPRING & LABOR DAY

01.05.2024       Spring & Labor Day. 

ORTHODOX EASTER DAY

05.05.2024       Day of St. George the Victorious. The Holy Great Martyr George is considered the patron and protector of warriors. 

Since the time of Grand Duke John III, the image of St. George the Victorious - a horseman slaying a serpent with a spear - became the coat of arms of Moscow and the emblem of the Russian state. 

ST. GEORGE'S DAY

06.05.2024       St. George's Day. 

ACT OF CAPITULATION OF GERMANY

07.05.2024       On this day, a document was signed that marked the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 and the end of World War II in Europe. The act of surrender was signed twice. Initially, the Act was signed by representatives of the Wehrmacht High Command (Colonel General Alfred Yodel and the Head of the OKW, General Wilhelm Keitel), the High Command of the Western Allies (the United Kingdom, the countries of the British Commonwealth of Nations, the United States of America, as well as France and some other countries in the anti-Hitler coalition - Chief of the General Staff of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, US Army Lieutenant General Walter Bedell Smith) and the Soviet Union (Representative of the Supreme High Command Headquarters under the Allied command, Major General Ivan Susloparov). May 7 at 02:41 Central European Time in Reims (France). The surrender of the German armed forces came into force on May 8 at 23:01 Central European Time (May 9 at 01:01 Moscow time). 

VICTORY DAY & EUROPE DAY

09.05.2024       Victory Day & Europe Day.  Victory Day in the Russian World.  V-E Day. Europe Day is an annual celebration of unity in the countries of the European Union and the Council of Europe. There are two separate Europe Days, celebrated on 5 and 9 May, created by the Council of Europe and the European Union respectively. In the EU, the holiday is also known as Schumann Declaration Day.

THE LAST BATTLE

12.05.2024       Czech Republic. The last battle in Europe in World War II 1939 - 1945.

ST. THOMAS' SUNDAY

12.05.2024       St. Thomas' Sunday. 

MUSEUM DAY

18.05.2024       St. International Museum Day has been celebrated all over the world since 1977, when the 11th general conference of ICOM (International Council of Museums) was held in Moscow and Leningrad. On this day, many museums in Russia and around the world invite you to visit their expositions and exhibitions for free.

ST. NICOLAS DAY

22.05.2024       Orthodox believers celebrate the day of remembrance of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. People called the holiday “Nikola Veshny”. 

Nicholas the Wonderworker, also called St. Nicholas the Pleasant, was born in the Greek colony of the Roman province of Lycia (now the territory of Turkey) around 270. He was a priest and then archbishop of the city of Myra in Lycia.

FOOL'S DAY 

01.04.2024       International April Fool's Day / Old French New Year. The history of this European holiday is unknown for certain, but the most common is the “French” version. According to it, in medieval France, the New Year was celebrated in different regions on different days - in March or September. The “Spring” New Year was celebrated from March 25 to April 1, observing the custom of giving gifts. In 1564, King Charles IX set the national date for the New Year to be January 1st. But the tradition of exchanging gifts on April 1 was not forgotten. The French began to present each other with jokes, practical jokes, funny and absurd things.

Actually, April Fool's Day began to be celebrated in Russia during the reign of Peter I. In his youth, the tsar spent a lot of time in the German Settlement, a district of Moscow where Europeans lived. It was there that Pyotr Alekseevich learned about the tradition of playing each other on April 1st. 

COSMONAUTICS DAY

12.04.2024       Cosmonautics Day in Russia is celebrated every year. It was first celebrated in 1962, exactly one year after the first manned space flight. It was carried out by the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, whose name became known throughout the world thanks to this. The first Vostok spacecraft launched on April 12, 1961 at 06:07 Baikonur time. At launch, Yuri commanded “Let’s go!” The flight lasted 108 minutes.

The holiday Cosmonautics Day was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on April 9, 1962 in honor of the world's first human flight into space on April 12, 1961 by Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. In November 1968, at the congress of the International Air Sports Federation, it was decided to celebrate April 12 as World Aviation and Space Day, and on April 8, 2011, at a meeting of the UN General Assembly, a resolution proposed by Russia was adopted, according to which April 12 was declared International Day of Human Flight into the space.

“...humanity will not remain forever on Earth, but, in pursuit of light and space, will first timidly penetrate beyond the atmosphere, and then conquer the entire circumsolar space.”

K. E. Tsiolkovsky. 

OPERATION BERLIN 

16.04.2024       04/16/2024 On this day 79 years ago, the battle for Berlin began. The final part of the Berlin offensive operation in 1945. The operation to capture Berlin lasted from April 16 to May 2.

EARTH DAY

22.04.2024       The official name of the holiday is International Mother Earth Day, but in Russia and many other countries it is known as Earth Day. Earth Day is a series of springtime environmental events that has taken place annually in the United States since the 1970s. The holiday became an international holiday only in 2009 at the initiative of the UN. The appearance of the holiday is due to the American Gaylord Nelson - he is called the father of Earth Day. Democrat Nelson was appointed senator of Wisconsin in 1963 and began to pay great attention to environmental issues.

Birthday of V.I. Lenin. On April 10 (22), 1870, a political and statesman, the creator of the Soviet socialist state, one of the leaders of the international communist movement, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (real name Ulyanov), was born in Simbirsk.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is the leader, the main key figure of the October Revolution in the Russian Empire. Birthday of V.I. Lenin was a significant and special date in the USSR. Five main traditions on this day:

Laying flowers at monuments

Coincided with important events in the USSR

Admission to the Pioneers

Lenin's subbotniks

Lenin readings.

PALM SUNDAY

28.04.2024       Palm Sunday is the popular name for the event in Christian history known as the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem. In Orthodoxy, it is considered one of the 12 most important holidays after Easter (the twelfth holidays).

The Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem is celebrated exactly one week before the Holy Resurrection of Christ, on the sixth Sunday of Lent. This is a moving holiday - that is, its date changes every year and depends on the day of Easter.

It's spring outside, there's exactly a week left until Easter, which means that today is Bright Palm Sunday!

Please accept my purest and kindest congratulations on this holiday.

Let the bad things remain behind, and let the sun, joy and happiness lie ahead!

THE FIRST & THE MOST

01.03.2024     I started preparing material for an exciting tour of Moscow "The First & The Most". The car tour and excursions will focus on objects that are the only and unique, the most advanced and the best, or the most backward and the worst. The tour will include the best elements from my other current tour programs.     

BELOVED & DEAR

08.03.2024       International Women's Day is a holiday for which everyone prepares in advance. March 8 - some are in anticipation and expectation, others are in worries and problems. I am one of those who loves to give gifts, beautiful compliments and good mood. I love and respect women. On this holiday, I provide all excursions and tours for women for free, as always. Flowers, surprises, presents and gifts are also ready. 

MASLENITSA 

17.03.2024       During car excursions and tours, I will tell you about eight folk rituals for celebrating Maslenitsa in Rus'. Following traditions, I will share with you the most effective and, above all, magical ritual. Wealth comes down to those who work hard and do everything smartly. Without the main ritual rite, other rituals may simply not work.

And also - in ancient times they said that on holidays you shouldn’t be a recluse and you should go for a walk!

I conduct exciting excursions and tours for adults and fabulous tours for children. 

The magic sleigh is ready for Maslenitsa meetings at various venues in Moscow, Vladimir and Suzdal.