Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
U.S. Congressional Budget Office
As of July 2023 (USA, BLS)
Population: 335.3 million
Civilian noninstitutional population: 267.0 million
Labor force: 167.1 million
Employed: 161.2 million
Unemployed: 5.9 million
Labor participation rates (blue line) for the working-age population steadily climbed up from 1950’s to 2000 and has declined ever since then. One argument: because of the change of lady’s labor force participation rate. They are kind of unrelated to economic conditions.
Employment-to-population ratios (orange line) show the relation to the economic conditions (coming from employment rate) and the trend of labor force participation.
Natural unemployment rates (U.S. Congressional Budget Office)