Past Perfect
+ had + regular verb + ed
had + irregular verb in 3 form
had played; had seen
- had + not + regular verb + ed
had + not + irregular verb in 3 form
hadn’t played; hadn’t seen
? had + Subject + regular verb + ed
had + Subject + irregular verb in 3 form
How many books had he written ?
1. An action completed before a stated time in the past.
Ann had done her homework by 6 o clock yesterday.
2. An action completed before another past action in Past Simple.
He had packed his suitcase before he left the house.
3. Finished actions with visible results in the past.
She had injured her foot, so she couldn’t walk.
By, by the time, before, after, just, already, when, till/until, never
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