PUBLICATIONS

A. International journals:

A.1 Consumption analysis (including labor supply and time use)

1. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMYUNCK, B. DE ROCK and J. LANIER (forthcoming), "Are consumers (approximately) rational? Shifting the burden of proof", Review of Economics and Statistics.

2. CHERCHYE L., DEMUYNCK T., DE ROCK B., KOVALEVA M., MINNE G., DE SOLA PEREA M., VERMEULEN F. (forthcoming),  "Poor and wealthy hand-to-mouth households in Belgium", Review of Economics of the Household.

3. CHERCHYE, L. SAELENS, D. and R. TUNCER (2024), "From unobserved to observed preference heterogeneity: a revealed preference methodology", Economica 91, 996-1022.

4. BOSTYN, R., L. CHERCHYE, B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2023), "Time use, intrahousehold inequality and individual welfare: revealed preference analysis", Research in Labor Economics, Vol 51 (Time Use in Economics; edited by D. Hamermesh, S. Polachek and K. Tatsiramos), p.161-186.

5. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMYUNCK, B. DE ROCK and M. FREER (2022), "Revealed preference analysis of expected utility maximization under prize-probability trade-offs", Journal of Mathematical Economics, 102607.

6. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, S. WALTHER and F. VERMEULEN (2021), "Where did it go wrong? Marriage and divorce in Malawi", Quantitative Economics  12, 505-545.

7. BRUYNEEL, S., CHERCHYE, L., COSAERT, S. DE ROCK, B. and S. DEWITTE (2021), "Verbal aptitude hurts children’s economic decision making accuracy", Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 34, 199-212.

8. SMEULDERS, B., L. CHERCHYE and B DE ROCK (2021), "Non-parametric analysis of random utility models: computational tools for statistical testing", Econometrica 89, 437-455.

9. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, K. SURANA and F. VERMEULEN (2020), "Marital matching, economies of scale and intrahousehold allocations", Review of Economics and Statistics 102, 823-837.

10. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, R. GRIFFITH, M. O'CONNELL, K. SMITH and F. VERMEULEN (2020), "A new year, a new you? Heterogeneity and self-control in food purchases", European Economic Review, 127: 10347.

11. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK, B. DE ROCK and K. SURANA (2020), "Revealed preference analysis with normal goods: application to cost of living indices", American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 12, 165-188.

12. CHERCHYE, L., S. COSAERT, T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2020), "Group consumption with caring individuals", Economic Journal 130, 587-622.

13. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2019), "Bounding counterfactual demand with unobserved heterogeneity and endogenous expenditures", Journal of Econometrics 211, 483-506.

14. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2018), "Transitivity of preferences: when does it matter?", Theoretical Economics 13, 1043-1076.

15. CHERCHYE, L., S. COSAERT, B. DE ROCK, P.J. KERSTENS and F. VERMEULEN (2018), "Individual welfare analysis for collective households", Journal of Public Economics 166, 98-114.

16. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2018), "Normality of demand in a two-goods setting", Journal of Economic Theory 173, 361-382.

17. STAMOS, A., BRUYNEEL, S., CHERCHYE, L., DE ROCK, B. and S. DEWITTE (2018), "A Dual-Process Model of Economic Decision Making: The Symmetric Effect of Intuitive and Cognitive Judgments on Optimal Budget Allocation", Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 11, 1-27.

18. BRUYNEEL, S., CHERCHYE, L., COSAERT, S. DE ROCK, B. and S. DEWITTE (2017), "Measuring the willingness-to-pay for others' consumption: An application to joint decisions of children", Quantitative Economics 8, 1037-1082.

19. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK, B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2017), "Household consumption when the marriage is stable", American Economic Review 107, 1507–1534.

20. TALLA NOBIBON, L. CHERCHYE, F. CRAMA, T. DEMUYNCK , B. DE ROCK and F. SPIEKSMA (2016), "Revealed preference tests of collectively rational consumption behavior: formulations and algorithms",Operations Research 64, 1197–1216.

21. CHERCHYE, L., I. CRAWFORD, B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2016),"Gorman revisited: nonparametric conditions for exact linear aggregation", SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association 7, 203-220.

22. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, A. LEWBEL and F. VERMEULEN (2015),"Sharing rule identification for general collective consumption models", Econometrica 83, 2001-2041.

23. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2015), "A simple identification strategy for Gary Becker's time allocation model", Economics Letters 137, 187-190.

24. SMEULDERS, B., L. CHERCHYE, B. DE ROCK, F. SPIEKSMA and F. TALLA NOBIBON (2015), "Complexity results for the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference for collective consumption models", Journal of Mathematical Economics 58, 82-91.

25. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK, B. DE ROCK and P. HJERTSTRAND (2015), "Revealed preference tests for weak separability: an integer programming approach", Journal of Econometrics 186, 129-141.

26. BLUNDELL, R., M. BROWNING, L. CHERCHYE, I. CRAWFORD, B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2015), "Sharp for SARP: nonparametric bounds on counterfactual demands", American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 7, 43–60.

27. SMEULDERS, B., L. CHERCHYE, B. DE ROCK and F. SPIEKSMA (2015), "Transitive preferences in multi-member households", Economic Theory Bulletin 3, 243-254.

28. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2015), "Is utility transferable? A revealed preference analysis", Theoretical Economics 10, 51-65.

29. ADAMS, A., L. CHERCHYE, B. DE ROCK and E. VERRIEST (2014), "Consume now or later? Time inconsistency, collective choice and revealed preference", American Economic Review 104, 4147-4183.

30. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2014),"Revealed preference analysis for convex rationalizations on nonlinear budget sets", Journal of Economic Theory 152, 224-236.

31. SMEULDERS, B., F. SPIEKSMA, L. CHERCHYE and B. DE ROCK (2014), "Goodness of fit measures for revealed preference tests: Complexity results and algorithms", ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation 2, 1, Article 3 .

32. SMEULDERS, B., L. CHERCHYE, B. DE ROCK and F. SPIEKSMA (2013), "The Money Pump as a Measure of Revealed Preference Violations: A Comment", Journal of Political Economy 121, 1248-1258.

33. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and V. PLATINO (2013), "Private versus public consumption within groups: testing the nature of goods from aggregate data", Economic Theory 54, 485-500.

34. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2013),"Nash bargained consumption decisions: a revealed preference analysis", Economic Journal 123, 195-235.

35. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2012), "Married with children. A collective labor supply model with detailed time use and intrahousehold expenditure information", American Economic Review 102, 3377-3405.

36. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2012), "Economic well-being and poverty among the elderly: an analysis based on a collective consumption model", European Economic Review 56, 985–1000.

37. BRUYNEEL, S., L. CHERCHYE and B. DE ROCK (2012), "Collective consumption models with restricted bargaining weights: an empirical assessment based on experimental data", Review of Economics of the Household 10, 395-421.

38. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2011), "Revealed preference analysis of noncooperative household consumption", Economic Journal 121, 1073–1096.

39. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2011), "The revealed preference approach to collective consumption behavior: testing and sharing rule recovery", Review of Economic Studies78, 176–198.

40. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2011), "Testable implications of general equilibrium models: an integer programming approach", Journal of Mathematical Economics 47, 564-575.

41. TALLA NOBIBON, F., L. CHERCHYE, B. DE ROCK, J. SABBE and F. SPIEKSMA (2011), "Heuristics for deciding collectively rational consumption behavior", Computational Economics 38, 173-204.

42. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2010), " An Afriat theorem for the collective model of household consumption", Journal of Economic Theory 145, 1142–1163.

43. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2009), “Opening the black box of intra-household decision-making: Theory and non-parametric empirical tests of general collective consumption models”, Journal of Political Economy 117, 1074-1104.

44. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, J. SABBE and F. VERMEULEN (2008), "Nonparametric tests of collectively rational consumption behavior: an integer programming procedure", Journal of Econometrics 147, 258-265.

45. CHERCHYE, L., VERMEULEN, F. (2008), "Nonparametric Analysis of Household Labor Supply: Goodness-of-Fit and Power of the Unitary and the Collective Model", Review of Economics and Statistics, 90, 267-274.

46. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2007), "The Collective Model of Household Consumption: A Nonparametric Characterization", Econometrica 75, 553-574.

A.2 Production analysis (including efficiency measurement)

1. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, D. SAELENS and M. VERSCHELDE (forthcoming), "Productive efficiency analysis with incomplete output information", Journal of Productivity Analysis - Special Issue in Honor of Rolf Färe and Shawna Grosskopf.

2. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, D. SAELENS, M. VERSCHELDE and B. ROETS (2024), "Performance analysis with unobserved inputs: An application to endogenous automation in railway traffic management", European Journal of Operational Research, 313 (2), 678-690.

3. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, B DIERYNCK, P.-J. KERSTENS and F. ROODHOOFT (2023), "A DEA-based approach to customer value analysis", European Journal of Operational Research 308 (3), 1319-1331.

4. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and P.J. KERSTENS (2018), "Production with storable and durable inputs: nonparametric analysis of intertemporal efficiency", European Journal of Operational Research 270, 498-513.

5. CHERCHYE, L., DE ROCK, B. and V. HENNEBEL (2017), "Coordination efficiency in multi-output settings: a DEA approach”, Annals of Operations Research 250, 205-233.

6. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and B. WALHEER (2016), "Multi-output profit efficiency and directional distance functions", Omega : International Journal of Management Science 61, 100-109.

7. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and B. WALHEER (2015), "Multi-output efficiency with good and bad outputs'', European Journal of Operational Research 240, 872-881.

8. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK, B. DE ROCK and K. DE WITTE (2014), "Nonparametric analysis of multi-output production with joint inputs", Economic Journal 124, 735-775.

9. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and V. HENNEBEL (2014), "The economic meaning of Data Envelopment Analysis: a 'behavioral' perspective", Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 48, 29-37.

10. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, B. DIERYNCK, F. ROODHOOFT and J. SABBE (2013),"Opening the 'black box' of efficiency measurement: input allocation in multi-output settings" Operations Research 61, 1148–1165.

11. CHERCHYE, L., T. DEMUYNCK and B. DE ROCK (2013), "The empirical content of Cournot competition", Journal of Economic Theory 148, 1552–1581.

12. CHERCHYE, L., K. DE WITTE, E. OOGHE and I. NICAISE (2010), "Equity and efficiency in private and public education: a nonparametric comparison", European Journal of Operational Research 202, 563-573.

13. KUOSMANEN, T., M. KORTELAINEN, T. SIPILAINEN and L. CHERCHYE (2010), " Firm and industry level profit efficiency analysis under incomplete price data: a nonparametric approach based on absolute and uniform shadow prices", European Journal of Operational Research 202, 584-594.

14. CHERCHYE, L. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2009), "Semi-radial technical efficiency measurement", European Journal of Operational Research 193, 616- 625.

15. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2008), "Analyzing Cost Efficient Production Behavior Under Economies of Scope: A Nonparametric Methodology", Operations Research 56, 204-221.

16. CHERCHYE, L. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2007), "Profit Efficiency Analysis Under Limited Information. With an Application to German Farm Types", OMEGA International Journal of Management Science 35 (3), 335- 349.

17. KUOSMANEN, T., L. CHERCHYE and T. SIPILÄINEN (2006), "The Law of One Price in Data Envelopment Analysis: Restricting Weight Flexibility Across Firms," European Journal of Operational Research 170 (3), 735-757. Winner of the Management Science Strategic Innovation Price 2004 (MSSIP 2004) of the European Association of Operational Research Societies (EURO).

18. CHERCHYE, L. and P. VANDEN ABEELE (2005), "On Research Efficiency: A Micro-Analaysis of Dutch University Research in Economics and Business Management", Research Policy 34, 495-516.

19. CHERCHYE, L. and T. POST (2003), "Methodological Advances in DEA: A survey and an application for the Dutch electricity sector", Statistica Neerlandica 57, 410-438.

20. CHERCHYE, L., T. KUOSMANEN and T. POST (2002), "Nonparametric Production Analysis in Non-Competitive Environments", International Journal of Production Economics 80(3), 279-294.

21. POST, T., L. CHERCHYE, and T. KUOSMANEN (2002), "Non-Parametric Efficiency Estimation in Stochastic Environments", Operations Research 50 (4), 645-655.

22. CHERCHYE, L., T. KUOSMANEN and T. POST (2001), "FDH Directional Distance Functions: With an Application to European Commercial Banks", Journal of Productivity Analysis 15, 201-215.

23. CHERCHYE, L., T. KUOSMANEN and T. POST (2001), "Alternative Notions of Congestion in DEA", European Journal of Operational Research 133 (1), 69-74.

24. CHERCHYE, L. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2001), "A Comment on Multistage DEA Methodology", Operations Research Letters 28 (2), 93-98.

25. CHERCHYE, L., and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2001), "Product Mixes as Objects of Choice in Nonparametric Efficiency Measurement", European Journal of Operational Research 132 (2), 45-53.

26. CHERCHYE, L., T. KUOSMANEN and T. POST (2000), "What is the Economic Meaning of FDH?", Journal of Productivity Analysis 13 (3), 263-267.

27. CHERCHYE, L. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (1999), "Learning from Input-Output Mixes in DEA: A Proportional Measure for Slack-Based Efficient Projections", Managerial and Decision Economics 20 (3), 151-161.

A.3 Other

1. CHERCHYE, L., DE WITTE, K. and PERELMAN S. (2019), "A Unified Productivity-Performance Approach Applied to Secondary Schools", Journal of the Operational Research Society 70, 1522-1537.

2. STAESSENS, M., P.J KERSTENS, J. BRUNEEL and L. CHERCHYE (2019), "Data Envelopment Analysis and Social Enterprises: Analysing Performance, Strategic Orientation and Mission Drift", Journal of Business Ethics 159 (2), 325-341.

3. CHERCHYE, L. and VERRIEST, A. (2016), "The Impact of Home-Country Institutions and Competition on Firm Profitability", International Business Review 25, 831-846.

4. DE WITTE, K., ROGGE, N., CHERCHYE, L. and VAN PUYENBROECK, T. (2013), "Accounting for economies of scope in performance evaluations of university professors", Journal of the Operational Research Society 64, 1595-1604.

5. DE WITTE, K., ROGGE, N., CHERCHYE, L. and VAN PUYENBROECK, T. (2012), "Economies of scope in research and teaching: a non-parametric investigation", Omega – International Journal of Management Science 41, 305 - 314.

6. CHERCHYE, L., W. MOESEN, N. ROGGE and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2011), "Constructing a knowledge economy composite indicator with imprecise data: a proposal", Expert Systems with Applications 38(9), 10940-10949.

7. CHERCHYE, L., OOGHE, E. and VAN PUYENBROECK, T. (2008), "Robust Human Development Rankings", Journal of Economic Inequality 6, 287-321.

8. CHERCHYE L., W. MOESEN, N. ROGGE, T. VAN PUYENBROECK, M. SAISANA, A. SALTELLI, R. LISKA and S. TARANTOLA (2008), "Creating composite indicators with DEA and robustness analysis: the case of the technology achievement index", Journal of the Operational Research Society 59, 239-251.

9. CHERCHYE, L., MOESEN, W, ROGGE, N. and VAN PUYENBROECK, T. (2007), "An introduction to 'benefit of the doubt' composite indicators", Social Indicators Research, 82, 111-145.

10. CHERCHYE, L., LOVELL, K., MOESEN, W and VAN PUYENBROECK, T. (2007), "One Market, One Number? A Composite Indicator Assessment of EU Internal Market Dynamics", European Economic Review, 51, 749-779.

11. CHERCHYE, L. and F. VERMEULEN (2006), "Robust rankings of multi-dimensional performances: An application to Tour de France racing cyclists", Journal of Sports Economics, 7, 359-373.

12. CHERCHYE, L., W. MOESEN and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2004), "Legitimately diverse, yet comparable: synthesising social inclusion performance in the EU”, Journal of Common Market Studies 42 (5), 919-955.

13. CHERCHYE, L. (2001), "Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Assess Macroeconomic Policy Performance", Applied Economics 33, 407-416.

B. Other journals:

1. CHERCHYE, L., KUOSMANEN, T, and H. LELEU (2010), "Technical and economic efficiency measures under short run profit maximizing behavior", LouvainEconomic Review (Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 76 (2), 163-173.

2. CLOCHET, J., COSAERT, S., CHERCHYE, L., De ROCK, B. (2010), "Store environment and advertising: investigating two manipulative forces from the supermarket", Review of Business and Economics 55,90-106.

3. CHERCHYE, L., DE BORGER, B. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2006), "Nonparametric tests of Optimizing Behavior in Public Service Provision: Methodology and an Application to Local Public Safety", Review of Business and Economics (Tijdschrift voor Economie and Management), 51 (4), 281-308.

4. CHERCHYE, L. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2006), Eds., "Advancing Public Sector Performance. A Special Issue in Honor of Prof. dr. Wim Moesen", Review of Business and Economics (Tijdschrift voor Economie and Management), 51 (4).

5. CHERCHYE L. and W. MOESEN (2004), "Trust in the Public Sector and Macroeconomic Outcomes", Empirical Economics Letters 3 (4), 169-179.

6. CHERCHYE, L., W. MOESEN and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2003), "Oorbaar Optellen", Economische Statistische Berichten, 5 september 2003, 415-417.

7. CHERCHYE, L. and A. WATTEYNE (2003), "Attacking Poverty: Is it Globalization... Or is the Institutions", Review of Business and Economics (Tijdschrift voor Economie and Management) 48 (4), 573-602.

C. Books:

1. CAPÉAU, B., L. CHERCHYE, K. DECANCQ, A. DECOSTER, B. DE ROCK, F. MANIQUET, A. NYS, G. PÉRILLEUX, E. RAMAEKERS, Z. RONGÉ, E. SCHOKKAERT and F. VERMEULEN (2020), “Well-being in Belgium. Beyond happiness and income.”, Springer. (Summary on Springer.com)

2. CAPÉAU, B., L. CHERCHYE, K. DECANCQ, A. DECOSTER, B. DE ROCK, F. MANIQUET, A. NYS, G. PÉRILLEUX, E. RAMAEKERS, Z. RONGÉ, E. SCHOKKAERT and F. VERMEULEN (2019), “En faut-il peu pour être heureux? Conditions de vie, bonheur et bien-être en Belgique”, Anthemis, Limal, Belgium. (Summary in Regards Economiques)

3. CAPÉAU, B., L. CHERCHYE, K. DECANCQ, A. DECOSTER, B. DE ROCK, F. MANIQUET, A. NYS, G. PÉRILLEUX, E. RAMAEKERS, Z. RONGÉ, E. SCHOKKAERT and F. VERMEULEN (2018), “Wat heet dan gelukkig zijn? Geluk, welvaart en welzijn van de Belgen”, Garant, Antwerp, Belgium.

4. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2011), "Collective Household Consumption Behavior: Revealed Preference Analysis", Foundations and Trends® in Econometrics: Vol. 4: No 4, pp 225-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0800000016

5. CHERCHYE, L. (2010), "Hoe samen beslissen? Collectieve rationaliteit in termen van gereveleerde voorkeuren", Inaugural Lecture, Tilburg University.

6. CHERCHYE, L. (2001), "Topics in nonparametric production and efficiency analysis", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Leuven.

D. Chapters in books:

1. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (forthcoming), "Nonparametric models in consumer behaviour", in J.M. Labeaga and J.A. Molina (eds.), Encyclopedia of Consumption, Edward Elgar Publishing.

2. STAESSENS, M., P.J KERSTENS, J. BRUNEEL and L. CHERCHYE (2019)," A performance tool for policy-makers to monitor the dual objective of social enterprises: a data envelopment analysis approach", in A. Lindgreen, C. Vallaster, S. Yousofzai and B. Hirsch  (eds.), Measuring and Controlling Sustainability: Spanning Theory and Practice, London: Routledge.

3. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, A. ESTACHE and M. VERSCHELDE (2018),"Efficiency measures in regulated industries: History, outstanding challenges and emerging solutions", in E. Grifell-Tatje, C. A. K. Lovell and R. C. Sickles (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis, Oxford University Press.

4. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK and B. WALHEER (2014), "Reducing Energy Use Without Affecting Economic Objectives: A Sectoral Analysis" in A. Estache  (editor), The Next Generation of Economic Issues in Energy Policy in Europe, CEPR Press, UK.

5. CHERCHYE, L., B. DE ROCK, F. VERMEULEN and E. VERRIEST (2011), "Revealed preference tests for collective behavior" in J.A. Molina (editor), Household Economic Behaviors , Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

6. CHERCHYE, L., I. CRAWFORD, B. DE ROCK and F. VERMEULEN (2009), "The revealed preference approach to demand" Chapter 9 in Daniel Slottje (ed.), "Quantifying Consumer Preferences: Estimating Demand Systems", Contributions to Economic Analysis, Emerald Press.

7. CHERCHYE, L. and T. KUOSMANEN (2006), "Benchmarking Sustainable Development: A Synthetic Meta-Index Approach" Chapter 7 in M. McGillivray and M. Clarke (eds.), Understanding Human Well-Being, United Nations University Press.

8. CHERCHYE, L., W. MOESEN and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (2004), "Social Inclusion in the EU: Towards a Synthetic Indicator with Endogenous Weights" in B. Cantillon and J. Vandamme (ed.), The Open Method of Coordination and Minimum Income Protection in Europe, Liber Memorialis Herman Deleeck, Acco, Leuven-Leusden.

9. MOESEN, W. and L. CHERCHYE (2000), "Fatsoenlijkheid Rendeert. De Relatie tussen Micro-Maatschappelijke Waarden en Macro-Economische Performantie van Landen" in A. Vandevelde (ed.) Over Vertrouwen en Bedrijf, Acco, Leuven-Leusden, 57-84.

10. CHERCHYE, L. and T. VAN PUYENBROECK (1999), "Non-Radial Efficiency as Semi-Radial Efficiency" in G. Westermann (ed.), Data Envelopment Analysis in the Service Sector, Gabler, Wiesbaden, 51-64.