Scientific computing
http://software-carpentry.org/
One of the big problems with embarking on a scientific computing career as an Engineer, is that often, your degree hasn't prepared you with the computing skills you'll need. This resource is a fantastic introduction to scientific computing. For CFD research, I'd recommend going through version control, the shell, python, regular expressions, classes and objects, make, matrix programming and high performance computing.
CFD
A very useful set of youtube clips from Boston University covering the fundamentals of CFD.
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5BB45598387B9B2C
12 Steps to Navier-Stokes (using python):
http://lorenabarba.com/blog/cfd-python-12-steps-to-navier-stokes/
OpenFOAM
Installation
Here...
http://www.openfoam.org/download/
Otherwise, if (like me) you insist on compiling your own version of foam, then this is a pretty exhaustive guide...
http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/~hani/kurser/OS_CFD/OpenFOAMonYourOwnLaptop.html
Documentation and tutorials
Once FOAM is installed, type the following in a terminal;
cd $WM_PROJECT_DIR/doc/Guides-a4
This is where the user guides live. The standard documentation is pretty ropey, but for OpenFOAM newbies, it'll get you started.
Afterwards, have a look in the tutorials folder;
cd $WM_PROJECT_DIR/tutorials
You can find examples of almost anything FOAM can do in here, find a case relevant to what you're trying to do and run it. The documentation is usually embedded in the configuration files themselves.
http://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/openfoam/
Once you're up and running, the best place to go when you're stuck is the CFD-Online forums.
http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/~hani/kurser/OS_CFD/
The Chalmers MSC/PhD course website has loads of useful information on OpenFOAM, and is a great way of getting up to speed.
http://openfoamwiki.net/index.php/Main_Page
The unofficial OpenFOAM wiki has some useful info...