The main reason for Base 10 appears to be most humans use their fingers and mentally can count up to ten in our heads
More logically it could be based on binary optimised systems such as Octal (Base 8) or hexadecimal (Base 16)
Octal would use the eight fingers as units and thumbs as carry digits allowing easily to count to 24 on ones hands, maybe why we have used base 24 and also 2 times base 12 (In hours of the day)
The Babylonians introduced the use of base 60 (still used for Seconds and Minutes)