Heath Pardoe, PhD

Associate Professor

Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health

245 Burgundy Street

Heidelberg, Victoria 3084

Australia

Email: heath.pardoe@florey.edu.au

Phone: +61 390 357019

Research
My research investigates the causes and consequences of epilepsy in the human brain. The primary tool I use for these investigations is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). I use MRI-based image analysis to identify brain changes in epilepsy, and assist in surgical planning for individuals with severe epilepsy. I'm also interested in developing statistical techniques to assist in planning and carrying out big neuroimaging studies.

Google Scholar | ORCID

Software & datasets
Motion-affected and motion-free T1-weighted MRI scans with associated eye tracker videos and code to predict head pose changes (N = 21)

7T MP2RAGE whole brain MRI scans of healthy controls (N = 21) and epilepsy patients (N = 16) with manual and automated hippocampus and amygdala labels

Sample size estimation using bootstrapping

A cloud-based system for predicting an individual's age using a brain MRI scan

Calculate how many subjects to include in a well-powered cortical thickness study

Figure out if you can pool MRI-derived morphometric estimates if conditions have changed; for example you have changed scanners.

Scripts for analysis of structural MRI, including scripts for working with Freesurfer mgh files using R

Publications

1. Steriade, C., Patel, P., Haynes, J., Desai, N., Daoud, N., Yuan, H., Borges, H. and Pardoe, H. (2023) Predictors of seizure outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis: a clinical and morphometric quantitative analysis study, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107854 

2. Kanner AM, Saporta AS, Kim DH, Barry JJ, Altalib H, Omotola H, Jette N, O'Brien TJ, Nadkarni S, Winawer MR, Sperling M, French JA, Abou-Khalil B, Alldredge B, Bebin M, Cascino GD, Cole AJ, Cook MJ, Detyniecki K, Devinsky O, Dlugos D, Faught E, Ficker D, Fields M, Gidal B, Gelfand M, Glynn S, Halford JJ, Haut S, Hegde M, Holmes MG, Kalviainen R, Kang J, Klein P, Knowlton RC, Krishnamurthy K, Kuzniecky R, Kwan P, Lowenstein DH, Marcuse L, Meador KJ, Mintzer S, Pardoe, HR, Park K, Penovich P, Singh RK, Somerville E, Szabo CA, Szaflarski JP, Lin Thio KL, Trinka E, Burneo JG; and the Human Epilepsy Project (2023) Mood and Anxiety Disorders and Suicidality in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Focal Epilepsy: An Analysis of a Complex Comorbidity, Neurology, doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201671 

3. Bank, Anna M; Kuzniecky, Ruben; Knowlton, Robert C; Cascino, Gregory D; Jackson, Graeme and Pardoe, Heath R. for the Human Epilepsy Project Investigators (2022) Structural Neuroimaging in Adults and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Focal Epilepsy: The Human Epilepsy Project. Neurology, doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201125

4. Pardoe, H.R. and Martin, S.P. (2022), In-scanner head motion and structural covariance networks, Human Brain Mapping, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25957

5. Sisodiya, Sanjay M; Whelan, Christopher D; Hatton, Sean N; Huynh, Khoa; Altmann, Andre; Ryten, Mina; Vezzani, Annamaria; Caligiuri, Maria Eugenia; Labate, Angelo; Gambardella, Antonio; Ives-Deliperi, Victoria; Meletti, Stefano; Munsell, Brent C; Bonilha, Leonardo; Tondelli, Manuela; Rebsamen, Michael; Rummel, Christian; Vaudano, Anna Elisabetta; Wiest, Roland; Balachandra, Akshara R; Bargalló, Núria; Bartolini, Emanuele; Bernasconi, Andrea; Bernasconi, Neda; Bernhardt, Boris; Caldairou, Benoit; Carr, Sarah J A; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L; Cendes, Fernando; Concha, Luis; Desmond, Patricia M; Domin, Martin; Duncan, John S; Focke, Niels K; Guerrini, Renzo; Hamandi, Khalid; Jackson, Graeme D; Jahanshad, Neda; Kälviäinen, Reetta; Keller, Simon S; Kochunov, Peter; Kowalczyk, Magdalena A; Kreilkamp, Barbara A K; Kwan, Patrick; Lariviere, Sara; Lenge, Matteo; Lopez, Seymour M; Martin, Pascal; Mascalchi, Mario; Moreira, José C V; Morita-Sherman, Marcia E; Pardoe, Heath R; Pariente, Jose C; Raviteja, Kotikalapudi; Rocha, Cristiane S; Rodríguez-Cruces, Raúll; Seeck, Margitta; Semmelroch, Mira K H G; Sinclair, Benjamin; Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid; Stein, Dan J; Striano, Pasquale; Taylor, Peter N; Thomas, Rhys H; Thomopoulos, Sophia I; Velakoulis, Dennis; Vivash, Lucy; Weber, Bernd; Yasuda, Clarissa Lin; Zhang, Junsong; Thompson, Paul M; McDonald, Carrie R (2022) The ENIGMA Epilepsy working group: Mapping disease from large data sets, Human Brain Mapping, 43(1): 113-128, doi: 10.1002/hbm.25037 [html]

6. Brodtmann, A., Werden, E., Khlif, M.S., Bird, L.J., Egorova, N., Veldsman, M., Pardoe, H.R., Jackson, G., Bradshaw, J., Darby, D., Cumming, T., Churilov, L., Donnan, G. (2021), Neurodegeneration Over 3 Years Following Ischaemic Stroke: Findings From the Cognition and Neocortical Volume After Stroke Study, Frontiers Neurology, 1892, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.754204

7. Gleichgerrcht E, Munsell BC, Alhusaini S, Alvim MKM, Bargalló N, Bender B, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Bernhardt B, Blackmon K, Caligiuri ME, Cendes F, Concha L, Desmond PM, Devinsky O, Doherty CP, Domin M, Duncan JS, Focke NK, Gambardella A, Gong B, Guerrini R, Hatton SN, Kälviäinen R, Keller SS, Kochunov P, Kotikalapudi R, Kreilkamp BAK, Labate A, Langner S, Larivière S, Lenge M, Lui E, Martin P, Mascalchi M, Meletti S, O'Brien TJ, Pardoe HR, Pariente JC, Xian Rao J, Richardson MP, Rodríguez-Cruces R, Rüber T, Sinclair B, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Stein DJ, Striano P, Taylor PN, Thomas RH, Elisabetta Vaudano A, Vivash L, von Podewills F, Vos SB, Weber B, Yao Y, Lin Yasuda C, Zhang J, Thompson PM, Sisodiya SM, McDonald CR, Bonilha L; ENIGMA-Epilepsy Working Group. Artificial intelligence for classification of temporal lobe epilepsy with ROI-level MRI data: A worldwide ENIGMA-Epilepsy study. Neuroimage Clin. 2021 Jul 24;31:102765. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102765. PMID: 34339947; PMCID: PMC8346685.

8. Pardoe, H.R., Martin, S.P., Zhao, Y., George, A., Yuan, H., Zhou, J., Liu, W. and Devinsky, O. (2021), Estimation of in-scanner head pose changes during structural MRI using a convolutional neural network trained on eye tracker video, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 81:101-108, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2021.06.010 [preprint]

9. Pardoe, H.R., Antony, A.R., Hetherington, H., Bagić, A.I., Shepherd, T.M., Friedman, D., Devinsky, O. and Pan J. (2021), High resolution automated labeling of the hippocampus and amygdala using a 3D convolutional neural network trained on whole brain 700 µm isotropic 7T MP2RAGE MRI, Human Brain Mapping, 42:2089-2098, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25348

10. Opheim, G., A. van der Kolk, K. M. Bloch, A. J. Colon, K. A. Davis, T. R. Henry, J. F. A. Jansen, S. E. Jones, J. W. Pan, K. Rossler, J. M. Stein, M. C. Strandberg, S. Trattnig, P. F. Van de Moortele, M. Isabel Vargas, I. Wang, F. Bartolomei, N. Bernasconi, A. Bernasconi, B. Bernhardt, I. Bjorkman-Burtscher, M. Cosottini, S. R. Das, L. Hertz-Pannier, S. Inati, M. T. Jurkiewicz, A. R. Khan, S. Liang, R. E. Ma, S. Mukundan, H. Pardoe, L. H. Pinborg, J. R. Polimeni, J. P. Ranjeva, E. Steijvers, S. Stufflebeam, T. J. Veersema, A. Vignaud, N. Voets, S. Vulliemoz, C. J. Wiggins, R. Xue, R. Guerrini, R. and M. Guye (2021), 7T Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Recommendations on the use of 7T in Clinical Practice, Neurology, 96:327-341, doi: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011413

11. Zhao, Y., Ossowski, J., Wang, X., Li, S., Devinsky, O., Martin, S.P., Pardoe, H.R. (2021) Localized Motion Artifact Reduction on Brain MRI Using Deep Learning with Effective Data Augmentation Techniques, 2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2021, pp. 1-9, doi: 10.1109/IJCNN52387.2021.9534191 [arxiv]

12. Hatton, Sean N; Huynh, Khoa H; Bonilha, Leonardo; Abela, Eugenio; Alhusaini, Saud; Altmann, Andre; Alvim, Marina K M; Balachandra, Akshara R; Bartolini, Emanuele; Bender, Benjamin; Bernasconi, Neda; Bernasconi, Andrea; Bernhardt, Boris; Bargallo, Nuria; Caldairou, Benoit; Caligiuri, Maria E; Carr, Sarah J A; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L; Cendes, Fernando; Concha, Luis; Davoodi-Bojd, Esmaeil; Desmond, Patricia M; Devinsky, Orrin; Doherty, Colin P; Domin, Martin; Duncan, John S; Focke, Niels K; Foley, Sonya F; Gambardella, Antonio; Gleichgerrcht, Ezequiel; Guerrini, Renzo; Hamandi, Khalid; Ishikawa, Akari; Keller, Simon S; Kochunov, Peter V; Kotikalapudi, Raviteja; Kreilkamp, Barbara A K; Kwan, Patrick; Labate, Angelo; Langner, Soenke; Lenge, Matteo; Liu, Min; Lui, Elaine; Martin, Pascal; Mascalchi, Mario; Moreira, Jose C V; Morita-Sherman, Marcia E; O'Brien, Terence J; Pardoe, Heath R; Pariente, Jose C; Ribeiro, Leti­cia F; Richardson, Mark P; Rocha, Cristiane S; Rodri­guez-Cruces, Raul; Rosenow, Felix; Severino, Mariasavina; Sinclair, Benjamin; Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid; Striano, Pasquale; Taylor, Peter N; Thomas, Rhys H; Tortora, Domenico; Velakoulis, Dennis; Vezzani, Annamaria; Vivash, Lucy; von Podewils, Felix; Vos, Sjoerd B; Weber, Bernd; Winston, Gavin P; Yasuda, Clarissa L; Zhu, Alyssa H; Thompson, Paul M; Whelan, Christopher D; Jahanshad, Neda; Sisodiya, Sanjay M; McDonald, Carrie R (2020) White matter abnormalities across different epilepsy syndromes in adults: an ENIGMA Epilepsy study, Brain, In Press, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa200 [html | preprint]

13. George, A., Kuzniecky, R., Rusinek, H. and Pardoe, H.R., for the Human Epilepsy Project Investigators (2020) Standardized brain MRI acquisition protocols improve statistical power in multi-center quantitative morphometry studies, Journal of Neuroimaging, 30:126-133, doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1111/jon.12673

14. Hakimi, M., Ardekani, B.A., Pressl, C., Blackmon, K., Thesen, T., Devinsky, O., Kuzniecky, R. and Pardoe, H.R. (2019) Hippocampal volumetric integrity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a fast novel method for analysis of structural MRI, Epilepsy Research, 154:57-162, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.014 [html]

15. Kirov, I., Kuzniecky, R., Hetherington H., Soher, B., Davitz, M., Babb, J., Pardoe, H.R., Pan, J., and Gonen, O. (2018) Whole brain metabolic abnormalities in patients with focal epilepsy, quantified with proton MRI spectroscopy at 3 T, Epilepsy Research, 139:85-91, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.11.017 [html]

16. Pardoe, H.R. and Kuzniecky, R. (2017) NAPR: a cloud-based framework for neuroanatomical age prediction, Neuroinformatics, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-017-9346-9 [html | preprint | www]

17. Werden, E., Cumming, T., Li, Q., Bird, L., Veldsman, M., Pardoe, H.R., Jackson, G., Donnan, G. and Brodtmann, A. (2017) Structural MRI markers of brain aging early after ischemic stroke, Neurology, published online before print, doi: 10.​1212/​WNL.​0000000000004086 [html]

18. Pardoe, H.R., Cole, J.H., Blackmon, K., Thesen, T., Kuzniecky, R., for the Human Epilepsy Project Investigators (2017) Structural brain changes in medically refractory focal epilepsy resemble premature brain aging, Epilepsy Research, 133:28-32, doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.03.007 [html]

19. Pardoe, H.R., Kucharsky Hiess, R., and Kuzniecky, R. (2016) Motion and morphometry in clinical and nonclinical populations, Neuroimage, 135:177-185, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.005 [html | preprint | data]

20. Pardoe, H.R., Cutter, G., Alter, R.A., Kucharsky Hiess, R., Semmelroch, M., Parker, D., Farquharson, S., Jackson, G. and Kuzniecky, R. (2016) Pooling morphometric estimates: a statistical equivalence approach, Journal of Neuroimaging, 26(1): 109-115, doi: 10.1111/jon.12265 [html | preprint | data]

21. Blackmon, K., Ben-Avi, E., Xang, W., Pardoe, H.R., Di Martino, A., Halgren, E., Devinsky, O., Thesen, T. and Kuzniecky, R. (2016) Periventricular white matter abnormalities and restrictive repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorder, Neuroimage: Clinical, 10: 36-45, doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.10.017 [html]

22. Falil, Z., Pardoe H.R., Bachman, R., Cunningham, B., Parulkar, I., Shain, C., Poduri, A., Knowlton, R. and Kuzniecky, R. (2015) Phenotypic and Imaging Features of FLNA-Negative Patients With Bilateral Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia and Epilepsy, Epilepsy & Behavior, 51: 321-327, doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.041 [html]

23. Kucharsky Hiess, R., Alter, R.A., Sojoudi, S., Ardekani, B., Kuzniecky, R., and Pardoe, H.R. (2015) Corpus callosum area and brain volume in autism spectrum disorder: quantitative analysis of structural MRI from the ABIDE database, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45 (10): 3107-3114, doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2468-8 [html | data and analysis]

24. Blackmon, K., Pardoe, H.R.*, Barr, W.B., Ardekani, B.A., Doyle, W.K., Devinsky, O., Kuzniecky, R. and Thesen, T. (2015) The corpus callosum and recovery of working memory after epilepsy surgery, Epilepsia, 56: 527–534. doi: 10.1111/epi.12931 [html] *co-first author

25. Pardoe, H.R., Mandelstam, S.A., Kucharsky Hiess, R., Kuzniecky, R.I. and Jackson, G. (2015) Quantitative assessment of corpus callosum morphology in periventricular nodular heterotopia, Epilepsy Research, 109: 40-47  [html | data and analysis | audioslides]

26. Ma, Y., Koyama, M.S., Milham, M.P., Castellanos, F.X., Quinn, B., Pardoe, H., Kuzniecky, R., Devinsky, O., Thesen, T. and Blackmon, K. (2015) Cortical thickness abnormalities associated with dyslexia, independent of remediation status, Neuroimage: Clinical, 7: 177-186 [html]

27. Barron, D.S., Fox, P.T., Pardoe, H., Lancaster, J., Price, L.R., Blackmon, K., Berry, K., Cavazos, J.E., Kuzniecky, R., Devinsky, O., and Thesen, T. (2015) Thalamic functional connectivity predicts seizure laterality in individual TLE patients: Application of a biomarker development strategy, Neuroimage: Clinical, 7: 273 - 280 [html]

28. Li, Q., Pardoe, H.R., Lichter, R., Werden, E., Raffelt, A., Cumming, T. and Brodtmann, A. (2015) Cortical thickness estimation in longitudinal stroke studies: a comparison of 3 measurement methods, Neuroimage: Clinical, 8: 526-535 [html]

29. Pardoe, H. and Kuzniecky, R. (2014) Advanced magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy, U.S. Neurology, 10(2):104-8 [html]

30. McGill, M.L., Devinsky, O., Wang, X., Quinn, B.T., Pardoe, H., Carlson, C., Butler, T., Kuzniecky, R., and Thesen, T. (2014) Functional neuroimaging abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Neuroimage: Clinical, 6: 455-462 [html]

31. Brodtmann, A., Werden, E., Pardoe, H., Li, Q., Jackson, G., Donnan, G., Cowie, T., Bradshaw, J., Darby, D. and Cumming, T. (2014) Charting cognitive and volumetric trajectories after stroke: protocol for the Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke (CANVAS) study, International Journal of Stroke, 9(6):824-8 [html]

32. Pardoe, H. and Kuzniecky, R. (2014) Advanced Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Nonlesional Epilepsy: MRI, MRS, PET, and SPECT, Epilepsy Currents, 14 (3), 121-124 [html]

33. Zelko, F.A., Pardoe, H.R., Blackstone, S.R., Jackson, G.D., and Berg, A.T. (2014) Regional brain volumes and cognition in childhood epilepsy: Does size really matter?, Epilepsy Research, 108: 692-700 [html]

34. Pardoe, H.R. and Jackson, G.D. (2013) Manual hippocampal volumetry is a better detector of hippocampal sclerosis than current automated hippocampal volumetric methods, American Journal of Neuroradiology, 34: E114 - E115 [html]

35. Tsai, M.H., Pardoe, H.R., Perchyonok, Y., Fitt, G.J., Scheffer, I.E., Jackson, G.D., and Berkovic, S.F. (2013) Etiology of hippocampal sclerosis: Evidence for a predisposing familial morphologic anomaly, Neurology, 81 (2): 144 - 149 [html]

36. Pardoe, H.R., Berg, A.T., and Jackson, G.D. (2013) Sodium valproate use is associated with reduced parietal lobe thickness and brain volume, Neurology, 80 (20): 1895 - 1900 [html]

37. Pardoe, H.R., Berg, A.T., Archer, J.A., Fulbright, R.K., and Jackson, G.D. (2013) A Neurodevelopmental Basis for BECTS: Evidence from Structural MRI, Epilepsy Research, 105 (1-2): 133 - 139 [html]

38. Pardoe, H.R., Abbott, D.F., Jackson, G.D. et al (2013) Sample size estimates for well-powered cross-sectional cortical thickness studies, Human Brain Mapping, 34 (11): 3000 - 3009 [html]

39. Brodtmann, A., Pardoe, H., Li, Q., Lichter, R., Ostergaard, L., and Cumming, T. (2012) Changes in regional brain volume three months after stroke, Journal of Neurological Sciences, 322 (1): 122 - 128 [html]

40. Abbott, D.F., Pell, G.S., Pardoe, H.R., and Jackson, G.D. (2012) Selecting appropriate methods for voxel-based neuroimaging studies, Neuroimage 59 (2): 885 [html]

41. Berg, A.T., Pardoe, H.R., Fulbright, R.K., Schuele, S.U., and Jackson, G.D. (2011) Hippocampal size anomalies in a community-based cohort with childhood-onset epilepsy, Neurology 76 (16): 1415 [html]

42. Morrell, M.J., Jackson M.L., Twigg, G.L., Ghiassi R., McRobbie, D.W., Quest, R.A., Pardoe, H., Pell, G.S., Abbott, D.F., Rochford, P.D., Jackson, G.D., Pierce, R.J., O'Donoghue, F.J. and Corfield, D.R. (2010) Changes in Brain Morphology in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Thorax 65: 908-914 [abstract]

43. Pardoe, H.R., Pell, G.S., Abbott, D.F., and Jackson, G.D. (2009) Hippocampal volume assessment in temporal lobe epilepsy: how good is automated segmentation? Epilepsia, 50(12): 2586-2592 [pdf | html]

44. Abbott, D.F., Pell, G.S., Pardoe, H., and Jackson, G.D. (2009) Voxel-Based Iterative Sensitivity (VBIS) analysis: methods and a validation of intensity scaling for T2-weighted imaging of hippocampal sclerosis. NeuroImage 44(3):812-819 [html]

45. Pardoe, H., Pell, G.S., Abbott, D.F., Berg, A.T., and Jackson, G.D. (2008) Multi-site voxel-based morphometry: Methods and a feasibility demonstration with childhood absence epilepsy, Neuroimage, 42(2): 611-6 [pdf | html]

46. Pell, G.S., Briellmann, R.S., Chan, C. H., Pardoe, H., Abbott, D.F., and Jackson, G.D. (2008) Selection of the control group for VBM analysis: Influence of covariates, matching and sample size, Neuroimage, 41(4): 1324-35 [html]

47. Pell, G.S., Briellmann, R.S., Pardoe, H., Abbott, D.F., and Jackson, G.D. (2008) Composite voxel-based analysis of volume and T2 relaxometry in temporal lobe epilepsy, Neuroimage, 39(3): 1151-1161 [html]

48. St. Pierre, T.G., Clark, P.R., Chua-anusorn, W., Fleming, A., Pardoe, H., Jeffrey, G.P., Olynyk, J.K., Pootrakul, P., Jones, S. and Moroz, P. (2005) Non-invasive measurement and imaging of tissue iron oxide nanoparticle concentrations in vivo using proton relaxometry, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 17: 122-126

49. Pardoe, H., Chua-Anusorn, W., St. Pierre, T. G., and Dobson, J. (2003) Detection limits for ferrimagnetic particle concentrations using magnetic resonance imaging based transverse relaxation rate measurements, Journal of Physics in Medicine and Biology, 48: 89-95 [html]

50. Pardoe, H., Clark, P.D., St. Pierre, T.G., Moroz, P., Jones, S.K. (2003) A magnetic resonance imaging based method of measurement of tissue iron concentration in liver arterially embolized with ferrimagnetic particles designed for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of tumours, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 21: 483-488 [html]

51. Moroz, P., Pardoe, H., Jones, S.K., St. Pierre, T.G., Song, S., and Gray, B.N. (2002) Arterial embolization hyperthermia: hepatic iron particle distribution and its potential determination by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Physics in Medicine and Biology, 47: 1591-1602 [html]

52. Pardoe, H., Chua-anusorn, W., St. Pierre, T. G., Dobson, J. (2001) Structural and magnetic properties of nanoscale magnetic particles synthesised by coprecipitation of iron oxide in the presence of dextran or polyvinyl alcohol. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 225: 41-46 [html]

53. Pardoe, H. and Dobson, J. (1999) Magnetic iron biomineralization in rat brains: Effects of iron loading. BioMetals 12: 77-8 [pdf]

Book Chapters

54. Dobson, J., Gross, B., Exley, C., Mickhailova, A., Batich, C., Pardoe, H. (2001) Biomedical Applications of Biogenic and Biocompatible Magnetic Nanoparticles. In: Modern Problems of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Eds. S Ayrapetyan and A North.

55. Dobson, J., St. Pierre, T.G., Pardoe, H., Schultheiss-Grassi, P.P. (1999) Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the interactions of biogenic magnetite with electromagnetic fields. In: Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Ed. S. Bersani. Plenum, New York: 401-404.