The gene is an unit of inheritance which determines the sequence of amino acids on a polypeptide chain.
(a) Define a gene as a unit of inheritance.
(b) Distinguish between a gene and an allele.
(c) Explain terms associated with heredity - dominant, recessive, codominant, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype and genotype.
(d) Predict results of simple crosses, eg. 3:1 and 1:1.
(e) Explain why observed phenotypic ratios in small numbers of offspring deviates from expected ratios.
(f) Describe ABO blood group as a multiple alleles and co-dominance system. Use genetic crosses illustrate blood types of given crosses.
(g) Describe the determination of sex in humans.
(h) Describe gene mutation and chromosomal mutations and given examples of mutagens.
(i) Explain the differences between continuous and discontinuous variation and give examples of each case.
(j) Explain how variation, selection pressure and competition leads to natural selection.
(k) Describe how natural selection leads to evolution.
(l) Give examples of artificial selection.
(m) Describe the differences between artificial selection and genetic engineering.