Modeling of Gas and Galaxies
Theoretical models of gas and galaxies are being studied to understand the physics behind gas and galaxies and their connections to dark matter. These models can be used to also paint large scale N-body simulations with physically motivated baryon profiles which can be learned from smaller scale hydrodynamic simulations. This approach reduces the computational cost significantly while preserving the understanding of physics.
Multi-wavelength Surveys
The next generation surveys will probe the various wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum with improved instruments. These surveys will extend the survey to larger areas, deeper redshifts, and lower detection limit. The outer regions of the halos where the density is lower and are intertwined with cosmic web filaments are now detectable in addition to the denser parts of cluster. Appropriate modeling of halos and filaments out to low density regions, as well as the astrophysical effects on systematic uncertainties will be studied by combining simulations and theories to improve the cosmological measurements of dark matter and dark energy.
Splashback and Shock radius in Omega500 Hydrodynamical Simulation
Simulations
The cosmological simulations model the universe from cosmological initial conditions after the inflation to the current day. Physical effects from smaller scales are modeled in details in high-resolution idealized simulations. Combining the two will allow us to understand the physics as well as statistics to interpret large scale observations.