Embedded Files
Kasaysayan
Ang PLC ay imbento sa pagtugon sa mga pangangailangan ng mga Amerikano automotiw manufacturing industry. Programmable lohika controllers ay una pinagtibay ng automotiw industriya na kung saan ang software rebisyon pinalitan ang muling mga kable ng mga hard-wired control panel kapag ang produksyon modelo nagbago.
Bago sa PLC, control, sequencing, at kaligtasan magkakawing lohika para sa mga sasakyan manufacturing ay nagagawa gamit ang mga daan-daan o libu-libong ng mga relays, Cam timers, at dram sequencers at nakatuon ang sarado-loop controllers. Ang proseso sa pag-update ng ganitong mga pasilidad para sa taon-taon na pagbabago ng modelo-ay masyadong oras ubos at mahal, tulad ng electricians kinakailangan upang rewire paisa-isa bawat at bawat relay.
Digital computer, na ang mga pangkalahatang-layunin Programmable aparato, ay madaling inilalapat sa control ng pang-industriya proseso. Maagang computer kinakailangan espesyalista programmer, at ang mahigpit na operating na kapaligiran na control para sa temperatura, kalinisan, at kalidad ng kapangyarihan. Paggamit ng isang pangkalahatang-layunin computer para sa proseso ng control na kinakailangan pagprotekta sa computer mula sa mga kondisyon ng planta palapag. Isang pang-industriya computer control ay magkaroon ng ilang mga katangian: ito ay tiisin ang tindahan-palapag na kapaligiran, ito ay sumusuporta sa discrete (bit-form) input at output sa isang madaling extensible paraan, hindi ito ay mangangailangan ng taon ng pagsasanay upang gamitin, at ito ay pinapayagan nito operasyon na sinusubaybayan. Ang tugon na oras ng anumang sistema ng computer ay dapat na mabilis na sapat upang maging kapaki-pakinabang para sa control; ng mga kinakailangang bilis iba't ibang ayon sa likas na katangian ng proseso. [1]
Sa 1968 gm Hydramatic (ang awtomatikong division ng pagpapadala ng General Motors) ay bibigyan ng kahilingan para sa proposal para sa isang electronic na kapalit para sa mga hard-wired relay system. Ang panalong panukala na dumating mula sa Bedford Associates ng Bedford, Massachusetts. Ang unang PLC, itinalaga ang 084 dahil ito ay ang 84 proyekto ng Bedford Associates, ay ang resulta. [2] Bedford Associates nagsimula ang isang bagong kumpanya na nakatuon sa pagbuo, manufacturing, pagbebenta, at servicing ng bagong produkto na ito: Modicon, na stood para sa MOdular digital controller. Isa ng mga tao na nagtrabaho sa na proyekto ay Dick Morley, sino ay itinuturing na ang "ama" ng sa PLC. [3] Ang Modicon tatak ay ibinebenta sa 1977 sa Gould Electronics, at mamaya nakuha sa pamamagitan ng Aleman Company AEG at pagkatapos ay sa pamamagitan ng Pranses Schneider Electric, ang kasalukuyang may-ari.
Isa sa pinaka unang 084 mga modelo na binuo na ngayon sa display sa Modicon ng headquarters sa North Andover, Massachusetts. Ito ay iniharap sa Modicon pamamagitan ng gm, kapag ang yunit ay winawakasan makalipas ang halos dalawampung taon ng walang tigil serbisyo. Modicon ginamit ang 84 moniker sa dulo ng kanyang produkto saklaw hanggang sa 984 ginawa ang hitsura nito.
Ang automotiw industriya pa rin ang isa sa pinakamalaking mga gumagamit ng PLCs.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Andar
Ang functionality ng PLC ay umunlad sa mga nakaraang taon upang isama ang nanggagalaing relay control, kontrol ng paggalaw, ang proseso ng control, distributed control system at networking. Ang data ng paghawak, imbakan, processing kapangyarihan at komunikasyon na kakayahan ng ilang mga modernong PLCs ay tinatayang katumbas ng sa mga computer na desktop. PLC-tulad ng programming na pinagsama sa remote ko / O hardware, payagan ang isang pangkalahatang-layunin na desktop computer sa overlap ang ilang mga PLCs sa ilang mga application. Tungkol sa pagiging praktiko ng mga desktop computer na batay controllers lohika, ito ay mahalaga na tandaan na hindi sila ay pangkalahatan tinanggap sa mabigat na industriya dahil ang desktop computer na tumakbo sa mas matatag na operating system kaysa PLCs, at dahil ang desktop computer hardware ay karaniwang hindi idinisenyo sa sa parehong antas ng pagpapaubaya sa temperatura, kahalumigmigan, panginginig ng boses, at matagal na buhay bilang ng mga processors na ginagamit sa PLCs. Sa karagdagan sa mga limitasyon ng hardware ng desktop batay lohika, ang mga operating system tulad ng Windows ay hindi bang ipahiram sa kanilang mga sarili sa deterministic pagpapatupad ng lohika, na may resulta na lohika ay maaaring hindi palaging tumugon sa mga pagbabago sa lohika ng estado o katayuan ng input sa ang matinding pagbabago sa timing ng ay inaasahan mula sa PLCs. Pa, tulad ng mga desktop lohika application mahanap gamitin sa mga mas kritikal na sitwasyon, tulad ng pag-aautomat ng laboratoryo at gamitin sa maliit na pasilidad kung saan ang application ay mas mababa hinihingi at kritikal, dahil sila ay sa pangkalahatan mas mababa mahal kaysa PLCs.
Sa mga mas bagong taon, ang maliit na mga produkto na tinatawag na PLRs (Programmable lohika relays), at din sa pamamagitan ng katulad na pangalan, ay naging mas karaniwang at tinanggap. Mga ito ay napaka tulad ng PLCs, at ay ginagamit sa industriya ng liwanag kung saan ang mga lamang ng ilang mga punto ng ako / O (ibig sabihin ng ilang mga signal na nanggagaling mula sa totoong mundo at ilang pagpunta out) ay kasangkot, at mababang gastos ay ninanais. Ang mga maliit na aparato na ito ay karaniwang ginawa sa isang pangkaraniwang pisikal na sukat at hugis ng ilang mga tagagawa, at branded ng mga gumagawa ng mas malaking mga PLCs upang punan ang saklaw ng kanilang mga mababang dulo produkto. Popular pangalan ay isama ang Controller ng Pico, NANO PLC, at iba pang mga pangalan na implying napakaliit na controllers. Karamihan sa mga ito sa pagitan ng 8 at 12 digital input, 4 at 8 digital outputs, at hanggang sa 2 analog input.
Ang Sukat ay karaniwang tungkol sa 4 "na lapad, 3" mataas, at 3 "malalim. Karamihan sa mga tulad aparato isama ang isang napakaliit na selyo laki ng LCD screen para sa pagtingin pinasimple na lohika ng hagdan (lamang ng isang maliit na bahagi ng program na makikita sa isang naibigay na panahon) at katayuan ng ako / O puntos, at karaniwang ang mga screen na ito ay sinamahan ng isang 4 - paraan kawit push-button plus apat na higit pa hiwalay push-pindutan, katulad sa ang mga key na pindutan sa isang vcr remote control, at ginamit upang mag-navigate at i-edit ang lohika. Karamihan sa magkaroon ng isang maliit na plug para sa pagkonekta sa pamamagitan ng RS-232 o RS-485 sa isang personal computer upang programmer ay maaaring gamitin ang mga simpleng mga aplikasyon ng Windows para sa programming sa halip ng pagiging sapilitang upang gamitin ang mga maliliit na LCD at push-button set para sa hangaring ito. Hindi tulad ng mga regular PLCs na ay karaniwang modular at lubhang expandable, ang mga PLRs ay karaniwang hindi modular o expandable, ngunit ang kanilang mga presyo ay maaaring dalawang order ng magnitude mas mababa kaysa sa isang PLC at sila pa rin ay nag-aalok ng matatag na disenyo at deterministic pagpapatupad ng lohika.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Site and content changes are coming to this site soon. By focusing on the anti-sparky principle of preventive maintenance and service delivery.
the reduction in the amount of time in electrical repair(troubleshooting) is proportional to the increase in optimum(time of) availability of the equipment.
the increase in time spent in electrical repair is directly proportional to increase in lost of equipment availability, therefore prevent the electrician from performing repair. (blog)
Preventive Maintenance is not a concept of maintaining a lot of repair or preventing equipment availability. If the PM(Preventive Maintenance) is spending more time doing repair then it is not PM, and the Departments' name should be immediately change to Repair Maintenance to embarrass the electricians and supervisors. (blog)
If the electrician will focus to deliver 100% equipment availability, they will in effect force everyone concerned with the equipment to do the same, including the mechanics, operators and equipment manufacturer.
The simplification of mechanical repair follows from the simplification of electrical repair, and is similar to simplification of mechanical maintenance follows from the simplification of electrical maintenance.
An electrician alone is enough to do machanical maintenance if not repair. An electrician who avoids down time will be most concerned with any mechanical vibration, moisture, corrosion and heat build-up than a mechanical technician.
This priciple shows the importance of the electrician in 100% equipment availability, however, it also shows that the less an electrician has to spend on repair and doing call-outs is proportional to more equipment availability. The measure is, the less a company spends on electrician, the more there is time for equipment availability.
Highly recommended website : www.tachcontractor.com
great stuff in there and nice people too
I have started a new review, this one is for the FREE version of RS Logix for the micro PLC. I am not finish yet, but you can check it now here.
<----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
Geeky Sparky - the science of maintenance
--------------------------------------
Simplified and interactive manual.
A study of modernizing manual and how to make them for better customer service.
Connect
Collect
Failure analysis
Table of contents base on picture not list
Should it be like forensics
Should it be like fill in the blanks or icons leading to the solution
How do we solve problems
How do we solve problems at a much quicker pace.
How do we start to solve a crossword puzzle
A chess game is a puzzle that is dynamic, constantly changing, while there is only one factor that actually changes everything.
And to win in a chess game, we often try to predict the next move, by forcing them to move what we want them to move.
--------------------------------------
How to be good a PLC system maintenance (scratch for now)
this is more on how to start knowing how to maintain a plant or a system
1) Know how is will fail, by simulating all forms of failure, but be careful, especially for hazardous places, do it when the plant or machine is down. it is more difficult to do when PLC code is not available to view.
* know the specs of each component, like deviceNet, or other parts such as the safety controls, DAC and Analog to Digital, transducers,
* know what the plant or machine is supposed to do
stay ahead of the failure, by knowing which will mechanically fail soon
what are the common faults, if it was an old system
if its a new plant, talk more with the designer, supplier and constructor
if old, ask the present workers and engineers what are the common faults, and what are the SOP when the faults happen. know the supplier when there are faults, they will know what parts are often ask, they may have a list too
if there are many machines with similar PLC, then you can compare this PLC with other on how they operate
read the manual
check the specifications of moving parts, the operating temperature and movement, example the contactor, they have a rated capacity and number theoretical working hours, and statistics of failure. therefore the failure should be nearly predictable.
-----------------------------------------
I had a typing speed test, although not accurate but good enough. Why did i do it, to know how many pages i should contribute to this website. if one page everyday, then I must spend around 2 hours everyday.
Result from : http://speedtest.10-fast-fingers.com/
You type 221 characters per minute
You have 40 correct words and
you have 1 wrong words
Result from : http://www.typeonline.co.uk/typingspeed.php
Your speed was: 35wpm.
You made 4 mistakes, your mistakes are shown in bold text:
Result from : http://www.dataentryhomebusiness.com/typing-test.html
On this site, the words are too small and I always lost my sight, probably the test is for those who really dont need to see the keyboard or use only one type of keyboard
Your speed is 26 words per minute
Result from : http://www.learn2type.com/TypingTest
This is not showing your fault, but still great to do, because of the bigger text to read
The exercise was
Kids have never taken guidance from their parents..If you could travel back in time and observe the original primate family in the original tree, you would see the primate parents yelling at the primate teenager for sitting around and sulking all day instead of hunting for grubs and berries like dad primate..Then you'd see the primate teenager stomp up to his branch and slam the leaves.
You typed
Kids have never taken guidance from their parents. If you could travel back in time and observe the original primate family in the original tree, you would see the primate parents yelling at the primate teenager for sitting around and sulking all day instead of hunting for grubs and berries like dad primate. Then you'd see the primate teenager stomp up to his branch and slam the leaves.
Your accuracy was impressive.
Your speed was 35 WPM
Result from : http://www.mrkent.com/kb/kbtest.htm
This is not easy to read stuff. And due to the short sentence, doesn't seem to be accurate.
TEST: Don't steal their old shrunken paper. Kick a skinny new garage.
Speed (ignoring errors): 27
Errors: 0
≈Speed (including errors): 27
If copying, the result will be slower, compared to typing what is already in the mind.
So far my typing speed is around 26 to 35 words per minute. With a good accuracy.
--------------------------------------------
The best way to burn coal is without turning coal into gas - this should be the motto of the modern world.
http://www.planetark.com/enviro-news/item/54940
http://www.wbcsd.org/Plugins/DocSearch/details.asp?ObjectId=MzU5MTk
the only way i see it, is with the use of nano-technology, using nano-fingers to combine each carbon atom with oxygen, and keep it trap inside the coal surface. or slicing coal into thin film and in nano environment, run it in a oxygen film, creating heat as the two surface are combined. The CO2 should still be stuck in the coal film using a binder.
Or converting coal into energy without digging.
Can we do what fuel cell has done for H2O, by using Coal.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It has been a 7 months since i last updated this website, I have lost focus for a long while. I will continue again with a more
narrow focus on things that are not easily found on the internet. I would move a little bit off the PLC stuff, coz there are many website
about PLC now, and instead I will focus on how to improve in serviceability and maintenance solutions. I will still put stuff about PLC
and other electri-mechanical technology.
Hot topics such as CMMS, CBM (condition base maintenance) and 5-star simplification.
3 C's in maintenance that needs to be targeted: Contingency, Control and Continuity. Do you have a contingency plan, this includes parts that can be swapped, can it be fixed with very few people and assistance, CONTROL, do you have control of the system or are you reliant on someone else, are you dependent on PLC program that only one person knows about. CONTINUITY, in the event of the death of the PLC programmer, bankruptcy, or resignation of electrician, would you be able to know what to do?
update: 7 October 2009
Sorry but the site is still under construction. (i will put here image logo, so it will be easier for you to navigate)
The topics that I am going to tackle here are predominantly AutoCAD electrical & AutoCAD VBA, Visio & VBA,
Excel VBA and Access VBA. It will contain my favorite links about this topic. Click here
I am also trying to finish a software, this software will be the ANTI-SPARKY, it is a system designed to save time
from avoiding downtime and shortening trouble shooting time. The reason why I called it ANTI-SPARKY, is because
it is designed so that companies would only require one-sparky per shift or even per site, which should save a lot of
money. It will also remove the company from being held in the neck by the sparky. And this software will not only be
applicable to electrician, but to other technicians. Click here
I will also include a section for REVIEW. Some PLC review and how to program them. I presently have a UniTronics PLC,
Zelio, Twido and Micrologix. Some VSD review and other smart relays like Shimaden. It will contain my favorite links
about this topic. Click here
For my other topics, I will put them on my OTHER STUFF. Example is how I started in Site.Google
I will also include here some security stuff that you can do in your home and which brand to go for. Click here
I will also include some FOR SALE stuff, but not all the time I will post something for sale on it. Click here
How it will look like in the future
Anti-Sparky section
.
.
.
.
.
.
Geeky Sparky section
.
.
.
.
.
.
Review section
.
.
.if i will ever finish reviewing stuffs
.
.
.
For Sale section
.
.
.
.
.
.
other Stuff section
.
.
.
.
.
.
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse