PUBLICATIONS

Refereed Journal Articles [student(s) underlined, G = Graduate student, U = Undergraduate student, P = Post-doc]

130. A. PandaG and A. L. Garner, “Bifurcation and Hysteresis in Vacuum Diodes,” Physical Review E, Accepted 22 October 2026.

129. S. Shrestha, P. Ghosh, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Evaluating Electron Photoemission Current from a Metal Emitter Based on the Lucky Drift Model,” Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 44, 064202 (2026).

128. A. L. Garner, J. K. WrightG, and N. R. Sree HarshaP, “A capacitance-based approach for determining the space-charge limited current density and electric potential in a crossed-field gap,” AIP Advances 16, 065213 (2026).

127. A. PandaG, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “Virtual Cathode Behavior in a Crossed-Field Gap,” Physical Review E 113, 065202 (2026).

126. N. R. Sree HarshaG,P, X. ZhuG, D. Smithe, M. E. McFeelyU, A. PandaG, and A. L. Garner, “A general formulation of multi-dimensional space-charge-limited current density with nonzero monoenergetic initial velocity,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 59, 215502 (2026).

125. L. I. BreenG and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical assessment of the transition between electron emission mechanisms in a collisional crossed-field gap,” Physics of Plasmas 33, 052107 (2026).

124. [FEATURED] J. K. WrightG, A. M. Darr, C. EckardtU, and A. L. Garner, “Calculating the space-charge-limited current density for nonplanar geometries by simulating the charge-free electric field,” Physics of Plasmas 33, 052101 (2026).

123. J. K. WrightG, S. T. UnzickerU, and A. L. Garner, “Calculating the Volume-Averaged Space-Charge-Limited Current Density by Simulating Vacuum Capacitance,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 73, 2207-2213 (2026).

122.E. WongU, S. Roy, S. Chatzidakis, A. FernandesU, A. GomezU, A. L. Garner, and P. Bermel, “A Comparison of Lead and Polyethylene Versus Tungsten and Hexagonal-Boron Nitride for Space Radiation Shielding,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 73, 372 - 382 (2026).

121. Y. M. PokhrelG, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “A Microscopic Study into the Role of Grain Boundaries in Field Assisted Protrusion Growth and Potential for Current Fluctuations in Electron Nanoemitters,” Journal of Applied Physics 138, 143303 (2025).

120. M. Pearlman, D. Smithe, M. Worthington, A. L. Garner, and J. Browning, “Noise Generation Mechanisms in Re-Entrant Backward Wave Crossed-Field Amplifiers,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 72, 6256-6263 (2025).

119. R. Bhattcharya, C. S. Del Rio, W. Chern, J. West, I. Wolstenholme, M. Cannon, G. Herrera, M. Pearlman, A. I. Akinwande, A. L. Garner, and J. Browning, “Radio Frequency Amplification in a Linear Crossed-field Amplifier using Cold Cathodes,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 72, 5209-5215 (2025).

118. J. K. WrightG, N. R. Sree HarshaP, and A. L. Garner, “A generalized framework for the critical current for a one-dimensional crossed-field gap in an orthogonal coordinate system,” Physics of Plasmas 32, 072115 (2025).

117. A. L. Garner, N. R. Sree HarshaP, and A. M. Loveless, “Extending the Mott-Gurney law to one-dimensional nonplanar diodes using point transformations,” Journal of Applied Physics 137, 234501 (2025).

116. A. L. Garner and N. R. Sree HarshaP, “The implications of collisions on the spatial profile of electric potential and the space-charge limited current,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 72, 1419-1426 (2025).

115. T. D. CrawfordG, A. J. RomesU, S. Sengupta, and A. L. Garner, “Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Behavior of Ferroic and Multiferroic Ceramics from 100 K to 400 K for Nonlinear Pulse Forming Line Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 61, 2800206 (2025).

114. J. M. HalpernU, N. R. Sree HarshaG,P, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge-limited current for nonplanar relativistic diodes with nonzero monoenergetic initial velocity using point transformations,” Physics of Plasmas 32, 012106 (2025).

113. T. D. CrawfordG, S. I. EversU, B. H. SapoffU, and A. L. Garner, "A coaxial solid state nonlinear pulse forming line with an exponentially tapered ferrite composite core,” Review of Scientific Instruments 95, 124709 (2024).

112. A. G. SinelliU, L. I. BreenG, N. R. Sree HarshaP, A. M. Darr, A. M. KomrskaG, and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Assessment of the Transition Between Electron Emission Mechanisms for Nonplanar Diodes,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 72, 397-403 (2025).

111. C. BakerG, A. Willis, W. Milestone, M. Baker, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Numerical assessments of geometry, proximity and multi-electrode effects on electroporation in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to nanosecond electric pulses,” Scientific Reports 14, 23854 (2024).

110. S. J. WyssG, W. Milestone, R. P. Joshi, and A. L. Garner, “Maps of Membrane Pore Dynamics from Picosecond to Millisecond Pulse Durations,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 72, 768-776 (2025).

109. L. I. BreenG, K. L. Cartwright, A. M. Loveless, and A. L. Garner, “Limiting current in a collisional crossed-field gap,” Physics of Plasmas 31, 092108 (2024).

108. S. MahajanG, H. WangG, A. M. Loveless, A. Semnani, A. Venkattraman, and A. L. Garner, “Scaling Laws for AC Gas Breakdown in Microscale Gaps,” Journal of Applied Physics 135, 243301 (2024).

107. M. Pearlman, D. Smithe, M. Worthington, J. Watrous, A. L. Garner, and J. Browning, “Spoke Characterization in Re-Entrant Backward Wave Crossed-Field Amplifiers via Simulation, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 71, 5020-5027 (2024).

106. X. ZhuG, J. K. WrightG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Critical current in a two-dimensional non-magnetically-insulated crossed-field gap with monoenergetic emission,” Physics of Plasmas 31, 072101 (2024).

105. L. I. BreenG and A. L. Garner, “Collisional space-charge limited current with monoenergetic velocity: From Child-Langmuir to Mott-Gurney,” Physics of Plasmas 31, 032102 (2024).

104. X. ZhuG, J. K. WrightG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “Electron Trajectories and Critical Current in a Two-Dimensional Planar Magnetically Insulated Crossed-field Gap,” IEEE Access 12, 11378-11387 (2024).

103.A. M. LovelessP, S. J. WyssG, W. Milestone, R. P. Joshi, and A. L. Garner, “A Simplified Electrical-Based Model for Electroporation Dynamics,” IEEE Access 12, 8004-8021 (2024).

102. X. ZhuG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Uniform space-charge-limited current for a two-dimensional planar emitter with nonzero monoenergetic initial velocity,” Journal of Applied Physics 134, 113301 (2023). [Erratum: “Uniform space-charge-limited current for a two-dimensional planar emitter with nonzero monoenergetic initial velocity” [J. Appl. Phys. 134, 113301 (2023)]], Journal of Applied Physics 134, 239902 (2023).

101. L. I. BreenG, A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, K. L. Cartwright, and A. L. Garner, “The Transition from Field Emission to Collisional Space-Charge Limited Current with Nonzero Initial Velocity,” Scientific Reports 13, 14505 (2023).

100. [EDITOR'S PICK] H. WangG, A. Venkattraman, A. M. LovelessP, and A. L. Garner, “Particle-in-cell simulations of the ionization process in microwave argon microplasmas,” Journal of Applied Physics 134, 103303 (2023).

99. R. Bhattacharya, A. M. DarrG, W. Chern, J. McClarin, B. Sainz, I. Wolstenholme, A. Yue, M. Cannon, G. Herrera, A. I. Akinwande, A. L. Garner, and J. Browning, “Experimental Analysis of Beam Perturbation in a Planar Crossed-Field Structure,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 51, 2229-2236 (2023).

98. W. MilestoneG, C. BakerG, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Electroporation from mitochondria to cell clusters: model development towards analysis of electrically driven bioeffects over a large spatial range,” Journal of Applied Physics 133, 244701 (2023).

97. C. BakerG, W. MilestoneG, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Selective Electroporation of Tumor Cells Under AC Radiofrequency Stimulation,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 71, 114-121 (2024).

96. [INVITED, GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY] R. P. Joshi, A. L. Garner, and R. Sundararajan, “Review of Developments in Bioelectrics as an Application of Pulsed Power Technology,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 51, 1682-1717 (2023).

95. [EDITOR'S PICK] B-S. ChenG, A. L. Garner, and S. P. M. Bane, “Numerical Analysis of a Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Plasma Assisted Counter-flow Diffusion Flame,” Journal of Applied Physics 133, 203302 (2023).

94. A. L. Garner, A. M. KomrskaU, L. I. BreenG, A. M. LovelessP, and K. L. Cartwright, “Electron Trajectories in a Collisional Crossed-Field Gap,” Applied Physics Letters 122, 194101 (2023).

93. W. MilestoneG, Q. Hu, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Sinusoidal RF Simulations for Optimized Electroporation Protocols,” Journal of Applied Physics 133, 174702 (2023).

92. N. R. Sree HarshaG, J. M. HalpernU, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge-limited current density for nonplanar diodes with monoenergetic emission using Lie-point symmetries,” Physical Review E 106, L063201 (2022).

91. [EDITOR'S PICK] H. WangG, A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Transitions between field emission, space-charge limited emission, and vacuum breakdown in nanoscale gaps,” Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B 40, 062805 (2022).

90. M. Pearlman, D. Smithe, C. Roark, M. Worthington, J. Watrous, A. Garner, and J. Browning, “Simulation of the pulsed 4.7 MW, L-band crossed-field amplifier,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 69, 7053-7058 (2022).

89. T. D. CrawfordG and A. L. Garner, “Nonlinear Transmission Line Performance as a Combined Pulse Forming Line and High-Power Microwave Source as a Function of Line Impedance,” Applied Sciences 12, 10305 (2022).

88. X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Nonlinear Effective Dielectric Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate Composites from 300 MHz to 4 GHz,” Applied Composite Materials 30, 93-109 (2023).

87. J. M. HalpernU, A. M. DarrG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “A coordinate system invariant formulation for space-charge limited current with nonzero injection velocity,” Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, 095002 (2022).

86. W. MilestoneG, Q. Hu, A. M. LovelessP, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Modeling coupled single cell electroporation and thermal effects from nanosecond electric pulse trains,” Journal of Applied Physics 132, 094701 (2022).

85. H. WangG, A. Venkattraman, A. M. LovelessP, C. J. BuerkeU, and A. L. Garner, “An empirical relationship for ionization coefficient for microscale gaps and high reduced electric fields,” Journal of Applied Physics 132, 073302 (2022).

84. A. M. DarrG and A. L. Garner, “Modifications of Limiting Current and Magnetic Insulation in a Crossed-Field Diode by a Series Resistor,” IEEE Access 10, 60438-60446 (2022).

83. A. L. Garner, B. Neculaes, and D. V. Dylov, “Infrared laser-based single cell permeabilization by plasma membrane temperature gradients,” Membranes 12, 574 (2022).

82. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, S. Klopman, and E. A. LongmanU, “Dependence of electric pulse mediated growth factor release on the platelet rich plasma separation method,” Applied Sciences 12, 4965 (2022).

81. [INVITED] A. L. Garner, A. M. DarrG, and N. R. Sree HarshaG, “A Tutorial on Calculating Space-Charge Limited Current Density for General Geometries and Multiple Dimensions,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 50, 2528-2540 (2022).

80. [INVITED] A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Linkage of Thermionic, Field, and Space-Charge Limited Emission for a Vacuum Crossed-Field Gap,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 50, 2609-2620 (2022).

79. H. WangG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Experimental study of gas breakdown and electron emission in nanoscale gaps at atmospheric pressure,” Applied Physics Letters 120, 124103 (2022).

78. A. L. Garner and T. A. Mehlhorn, “A Review of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas for Trauma and Acute Care,” Frontiers in Physics 9, 786381 (2021).

77. [FEATURED] N. R. Sree HarshaG, M. PearlmanP, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “A multi-dimensional Child-Langmuir law for any diode geometry,” Physics of Plasmas 28, 122103 (2021).

76. S. A. LangG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Incorporating photoemission into the theoretical unification of electron emission and space-charge limited current,” Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 39, 062808 (2021).

75. A. M. DarrG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Response to Comment on “A coordinate system invariant formulation for space-charge limited current in vacuum” [APL 119, 206101 (2021)],” Applied Physics Letters 119, 206102 (2021).

74. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “Analytic Solutions for Space-Charge-Limited Current Density from a Sharp Tip,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 68, 6525-6531 (2021).

73. [INVITED] A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, M. E. VaughanU, and A. L. Garner, “Simulated and Measured Output from a Composite Nonlinear Transmission Line Driven by a Blumlein Pulse Generator,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 49, 3383-3391 (2021).

72. A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Nonlinear transmission line implemented as a combined pulse forming line and high-power microwave source,” Review of Scientific Instruments 92, 104702 (2021).

71. X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Modelling Effective Electromagnetic Properties of Composites Containing Barium Strontium Titanate and/or Nickel Zinc Ferrite Inclusions from 1-4 GHz,” Composites Science and Technology 214, 108978 (2021).

70. A. M. DarrG, R. BhattacharyaP, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “Space-Charge Limited Current in Planar and Cylindrical Crossed-Field Diodes using Variational Calculus,” Physics of Plasmas 28, 082110 (2021).

69. L. XuG, H. Hou, B. Farkas, K. M. Keener, A. L. Garner, and B. Tao, “High voltage atmospheric cold plasma modification of bovine serum albumin,” LWT Food Science & Technology 149, 111995 (2021).

68. A. M. DarrG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Response to “Comment on ‘A coordinate system invariant formulation for space-charge limited current in vacuum’” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 266101 (2021)]," Applied Physics Letters 118, 266102 (2021).

67. A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, J. A. HernandezG, J. D. MatejaU, X. ZhuG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Properties of Multiphase Composites Containing Barium Strontium Titanate and Nickel Zinc Ferrite Inclusions from 1-4 GHz,” Composites Science and Technology 211, 108826 (2021).

66. A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, J. A. HernandezG, J. D. MatejaU, X. ZhuG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic measurements of composites containing barium strontium titanate or nickel zinc ferrite inclusions from 1-4 GHz,” Composites Science and Technology 210, 108798 (2021).

65. T. D. CrawfordG, A. J. FairbanksG, J. A. HernandezG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Nonlinear Permeability Measurements for Nickel Zinc Ferrite and Nickel Zinc Ferrite/Barium Strontium Titanate Composites from 1-4 GHz,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 57, 6100810 (2021).

64. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Linkage of Electron Emission and Breakdown Mechanism Theories from Quantum Scales to Paschen’s Law,” Physics of Plasmas 28, 042110 (2021).

63. R. BhattacharyaP, A. M. DarrG, A. L. Garner, and J. Browning, “Analysis of Injected Electron Beam Propagation in a Planar Crossed-Field Gap,” Applied Sciences 11, 2540 (2021).

62. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, S. Klopman, C. Morton, and A. S. Torres, “A Multi-Donor Ex Vivo Platelet Activation and Growth Factor Release Study Using Electric Pulses With Durations Up to 100 Microseconds,” IEEE Access 9, 31340 – 31349 (2021).

61. [INVITED PERSPECTIVE, FEATURED] P. Zhang, Y. S. Ang, A. L. Garner, Á. Valfells, J. W. Luginsland, and L. K. Ang, “Space-charge limited current in nanodiodes: Ballistic, collisional and dynamical effects,” Journal of Applied Physics 129, 100902 (2021).

60. A. M. LovelessG,P, L. I. BreenU, and A. L. Garner, “Analytic theory for field emission driven microscale gas breakdown for a pin-to-plate geometry,” Journal of Applied Physics 129, 103301 (2021).

59. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “Applying Conformal Mapping to Derive Analytical Solutions of Space-Charge-Limited Current Density for Various Geometries,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 68, 264-270 (2021).

58. [INVITED PERSPECTIVE] A. L. Garner, G. Meng, Y. Fu, A. M. LovelessG,P, R. S. Brayfield IIG, and A. M. DarrG, “Transitions between electron emission and gas breakdown mechanisms across length and pressure scales,” Journal of Applied Physics 128, 210903 (2020).

57. S. A. LangG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical analysis of the transition from field emission to space-charge-limited emission in liquids and gases,” Journal of Applied Physics 128, 185104 (2020).

56. J. R. MalayterU and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Assessment of Surface Waviness on Work Function,” AIP Advances 10, 095110 (2020).

55. A. J. FairbanksG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “A Review of Nonlinear Transmission Line System Design,” IEEE Access 8, 148606 – 148621 (2020).

54. L. XuG, X. YepezG, B. Applegate, K. M. Keener, B. Tao, and A. L. Garner, “Penetration and Microbial Inactivation by High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma in Semi-Solid Material,” Food and Bioprocess Technology 13,1688–1702 (2020).

53. A. L. Garner, A. S. Torres, S. Klopman, and B. Neculaes, “Electrical stimulation of whole blood for growth factor release and potential clinical implications,” Medical Hypotheses 143, 110105 (2020).

52. A. M. DarrG, C. R. DarrU, and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Assessment of Transitions across Thermionic, Field, and Space-Charge Limited Emission,” Physical Review Research 2, 033137 (2020).

51. [INVITED MINI-COURSE] A. L. Garner, A. M. LovelessG, J. N. Dahal, and A. Venkattraman, “A Tutorial on Theoretical and Computational Techniques for Gas Breakdown in Microscale Gaps,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, 808-824 (2020).

50. R. A. VadlamaniG, A. DhanabalG, D. Detwiler, R. PalG, J. McCarthy, M. N. Seleem, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond electric pulses rapidly enhance the inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria using Gram-positive antibiotics,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, 2217–2227 (2020).

49. C. H. GeisslerU, M. L. MulliganU, Z. E. ZmolaU, S. RayG, J. A. Morgan, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond and Microsecond Electric Pulse Pretreatment for Enhanced Lipid Recovery from Chlorella protothecoides,” BioEnergy Research 13, 499-506 (2020).

48. [INVITED MINIREVIEW] A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Electric Field Inactivation of Microorganisms: From Fundamental Biophysics to Synergistic Treatments,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, 7917-7929 (2019).

47. [FEATURED ARTICLE] A. M. DarrG and A. L. Garner, “A Coordinate System Invariant Formulation for Space-Charge Limited Current in Vacuum,” Applied Physics Letters 115, 054101 (2019). [Selected for Featured Article: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5121645]

46. B-S. ChenG, A. L. Garner, and S. P. M. Bane, “Simulation of Flame Speed Enhancement of a Hydrocarbon Flame with an Applied Electric Field,” Combustion and Flame 207, 250-264 (2019).

45. S. D. DynakoU, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Incorporating Resistance into the Transition from Field Emission to Space Charge Limited Emission with Collisions ,” IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society 7, 650-654 (2019).

44. R. A. VadlamaniG, Y. NieP, D. A. Detwiler, A. DhanabalG, A. M. KraftU, S. Kuang, T. P. Gavin, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond Electric Pulse Induced Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts and Myoblasts,” Journal of the Royal Society Interface 16, 20190079 (2019).

43. R. S. Brayfield, IIG, A. J. FairbanksG, A. M. LovelessG, S. GaoG, A. DhanabalG, W. LiU, C. DarrU, W. Wu, and A. L. Garner, “The Impact of Cathode Surface Roughness and Multiple Breakdown Events on Microscale Gas Breakdown at Atmospheric Pressure,” Journal of Applied Physics 125, 203302 (2019).

42. A. M. LovelessG, G. Meng, Q. Ying, F. Wu, K. Wang, Y. Cheng, and A. L. Garner, “The Transition to Paschen’s Law for Microscale Gas Breakdown at Subatmospheric Pressure,” Scientific Reports 9, 5669 (2019).

41. A. L. Garner, A. L. Frelinger III, A. J. Gerrits, T. Gremmel, E. E. Forde, S. L. Carmichael, A. D. Michelson, and V. B. Neculaes, “Using Extracellular Calcium Concentration and Electric Pulse Conditions to Tune Platelet-Rich Plasma Growth Factor Release and Clotting,” Medical Hypotheses 125, 100-105 (2019).

40. G. Meng, Q. Ying, A. M. LovelessG, F. Wu, K. Wang, Y. Fu, A. L. Garner, and Y. Cheng “Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Pulsed Gas Breakdown in Microgaps,” Physics of Plasmas 26, 014506 (2019).

39. A. M. DarrG, A. M. LovelessG, and A. L. Garner, “Unification of field emission and space charge limited emission with collisions,” Applied Physics Letters 114, 014103 (2019).

38. L. MittalG, V. RamanG, I. G. Camarillo, A. L. Garner, and R. Sundararajan, “Viability and Cell Cycle Studies of Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Using Low Voltage Electrical Pulses and Herbal Curcumin,” Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express 5, 025040 (2019).

37. S. DynakoU, A. M. LovelessG, and A. L. Garner, “Sensitivity of Modeled Microscale Gas Breakdown Voltage due to Parametric Variation,” Physics of Plasmas 25, 103505 (2018).

36. J. Castle, A. L. Garner, R. Smith, B. Davis, S. Klopman, S. R. Dinn, A. S. Torres, and V. B. Neculaes, “Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Fibroblast Proliferation during Electrically Stimulated Platelet Activation,” IEEE Access 6, 56395-56401 (2018).

35. P. Norgard, S. Kovaleski, R. S. Brayfield, IIG, and A. L. Garner, “Non-Equilibrium High Pressure Helium Plasma Produced in the Local Electric Fields of a Piezoelectric Transformer,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 47, 128-135 (2019).

34. [FEATURED ARTICLE] G. Meng, X. Gao, A. M. LovelessG, C. Dong, D. Zhang, K. Wang B. Zhu, Y. Chen, and A. L. Garner, “Demonstration of Field Emission Driven Microscale Gas Breakdown for Pulsed Voltages using In-situ Optical Imaging,” Physics of Plasmas 25, 082116 (2018). [Selected for Featured Article: https://publishing.aip.org/publications/latest-content/researchers-unravel-the-path-of-electrical-discharges-on-scales-that-are-phenomenally-small-and-fleetingly-brief-shedding-light-on-future-innovations/ ]

33. A. VadlamaniG, D. A. Detwiler, A. DhanabalG, and A. L. Garner, “Synergistic Bacterial Inactivation by Combining Antibiotics with Nanosecond Electric Pulses,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, 7589-7596 (2018).

32. T. ParupudiG, R. RahimiP, M. Ammirati, R. Sundararajan, A. L. Garner, and B. Ziaie, “Fabrication and characterization of implantable flushable electrodes for electric field-mediated drug delivery in a brain tissue-mimic agarose gel,” Electrophoresis 39, 2262-2269 (2018).

31. S. SuwalP, C. P. Coronel-Aguilera, J. Auer, B. Applegate, A. L. Garner, J-Y. Huang, “Mechanism Characterization of Bacterial Inactivation of Atmospheric Air Plasma Gas and Activated Water using Bioluminescence Technology,” Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 53, 18-25 (2019).

30. R. S. Brayfield II, A. Jassem, M. V. Lauria, A. J. Fairbanks, K. M. Keener, and A. L. Garner, “Characterization of High Voltage Cold Atmospheric Plasma Generation in Sealed Packages as a Function of Container Material and Fill Gas,” Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 38, 379-395 (2018).

29. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “A Universal Theory for Gas Breakdown from Microscale to the Classical Paschen Law,” Physics of Plasmas 24, 113522 (2017). [Erratum: “A universal theory for gas breakdown from microscale to the classical Paschen law” [Phys. Plasmas 24, 113522 (2017)], Physics of Plasmas 29, 099901 (2022)].

28. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Scaling Laws for AC Gas Breakdown and Implications for Universality,” Physics of Plasmas 24, 104501 (2017).

27. A. L. Garner, A. Caiafa, Y. Jiang, S. Klopman, C. Morton, A. S. Torres, A. M. Loveless, and V. B. Neculaes, “Experimental Validation of a Compact, Flexible Pulsed Power Architecture for Ex Vivo Platelet Activation,” PLOS ONE 12(7), e0181214 (2017).

26. L. Xu, A. L. Garner, B. Tao, and K. M. Keener, “Microbial Inactivation and Quality Changes in Orange Juice Treated by High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma,” Food and Bioprocess Technology 10(10), 1778-1791 (2017).

25. V. S. Robinson, A. L. Garner, A. M. Loveless, and V. B. Neculaes, "Calculated Plasma Membrane Voltage Induced by Applying Electric Pulses using Capacitive Coupling," Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 3, 025016 (2017).

24. [INVITED] A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Generalization of Microdischarge Scaling Laws for All Gases at Atmospheric Pressure," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45(4), 574-583 (2017).

23. J. Song, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, "Molecular Dynamics Assessment of the Role of Thermal Gradients Created by Electromagnetic Fields on Cell Membrane Electroporation," Physical Review Applied 7, 024003 (2017).

22. A. L. Frelinger III, A. J. Gerrits, A. L. Garner, A. S. Torres, A. Caiafa, C. A. Morton, M. A. Berny-Lang, S. L. Carmichael, V. B. Neculaes, and A. D. Michelson, “Modification of Pulsed Electric Field Conditions Results in Distinct Activation Profiles of Platelet-Rich Plasma,” PLoS ONE 11(8), e0160933 (2016).

21. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Scaling Laws for Gas Breakdown for Nanoscale to Microscale Gaps at Atmospheric Pressure,” Applied Physics Letters 108(23), 234103 (2016).

20. A. L. Garner, G. J. Parker, and D. L. Simone, “A Semi-Empirical Approach for Predicting the Performance of Multiphase Composites at Microwave Frequencies,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 23(2), 1126-1134 (2016).

19. A. L. Garner, V. B. Neculaes, M. Deminsky, D. V. Dylov, C. Joo, E. R. Loghin, S. Yazdanfar, and K. R. Conway, “Plasma Membrane Temperature Gradients and Multiple Cell Permeabilization Induced by Low Peak Power Density Femtosecond Lasers," Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 5, 168-174 (2016).

18. A. L. Garner, G. J. Parker, and D. L. Simone, "Accounting for Conducting Inclusion Permeability in the Microwave Regime in a Modified Generalized Effective Medium Theory,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 22, 2064-2072 (2015).

17. A. M. Loveless, T. G. Schaaff, and A. L. Garner, "Age-dating Uranium Metal Using Microstructural Damage,” Annals of Nuclear Energy 83, 298-301 (2015).

16. V. B. Neculaes, A. Torres, A. Caiafa, C. Morton, A. Larriera, S. Klopman, K. Conway, and A. L. Garner, "Ex Vivo Platelet Activation with Extended Duration Pulse Electric Fields” EWMA Journal 15(1), 15-19 (2015).

15. A. S. Torres, A. Caiafa, A. L. Garner, S. Klopman, N. LaPlante, K. Conway, A. D. Michelson, A. Frelinger, and V. B. Neculaes, "Platelet Activation using Electric Pulse Stimulation: Growth Factor Profile and Clinical Implications," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 77(3S2), S94-S100 (2014).

14. A. L. Garner and K. Lewis, "Buckingham Pi Analysis of Railgun Multiphysics," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, 2104-2112 (2014).

13. A. L. Garner, M. Deminksy, V. B. Neculaes, V. Chashihin, A. Knizhnik, and B. Potapkin, "Cell Membrane Thermal Gradients Induced by Electromagnetic Fields," Journal of Applied Physics 113, 214709 (2013).

12. A. L. Garner, G. J. Parker, and D. L. Simone, "Predicting effective permittivity of composites containing conductive inclusions at microwave frequencies," AIP Advances 2, 032109 (2012).

11. A. L. Garner and V. B. Neculaes, "Extending membrane pore lifetime with AC fields: A modeling study," Journal of Applied Physics 112, 014701 (2012).

10. E. Kvam, B. Davis, F. Mondello, and A. L. Garner, "Non-thermal atmospheric plasma rapidly disinfects multidrug-resistant microbes by inducing cell surface damage," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, 2028-2036 (2012).

9. A. L. Garner, "Cathode spot motion in an oblique magnetic field," Applied Physics Letters 92, 011505 (2008).

8. N. Chen, A. L. Garner, G. Chen, Y. Jing, Y. Deng, R. J. Swanson, J. F. Kolb, S. J. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, "Nanosecond electric pulses penetrate the nucleus and enhance speckle formation," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 364, 220-225 (2007).

7. A. L. Garner, G. Chen, N. Chen, V. Sridhara, J. F. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, S. J. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, "Ultrashort electric pulse induced changes in cellular dielectric properties," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 362, 139-144 (2007).

6. A. L. Garner, Y. Y. Lau, D. W. Jordan, M. D. Uhler, and R. M. Gilgenbach, "Implications of a simple mathematical model to cancer cell population dynamics," Cell Proliferation 39, 15-28 (2006).

5. A. L. Garner, Y. Y. Lau, T. L. Jackson, M. D. Uhler, D. W. Jordan, and R. M. Gilgenbach, "Incorporating spatial dependence into a multicellular tumor spheroid growth model," Journal of Applied Physics 98, 124701 (2005).

4. A. L. Garner, N. Chen, J. Yang, J. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, K. C. Loftin, S. J. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, "Time domain dielectric spectroscopy measurements of HL-60 cell suspensions after microsecond and nanosecond electrical pulses," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 32, 2073-2084 (2004).

3. N. Chen, K. H. Schoenbach, J. F. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, A. L. Garner, J. Yang, R. P. Joshi, and S. J. Beebe, "Leukemic cell intracellular responses to nanosecond electric fields," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 317, 421-427 (2004).

2. A. L. Garner, Y. Y. Lau, and D. Chernin, "Collapse of cycloidal electron flows induced by misalignments in a magnetically insulated diode," Physics of Plasmas 5, 2447-2453 (1998).

1. P. J. Christenson, D. P. Chernin, A. L. Garner, and Y. Y. Lau, "Resistive destabilization of cycloidal electron flow and universality of (near-) Brillouin flow in a crossed-field gap," Physics of Plasmas 3, 4455-4462 (1996).

Conference Papers

30. J. K. WrightG, C. EckardtU, A. M. Darr, and A. L. Garner, “Space Charge Limited Current Density for an Array of Multiple Tips,” Proceedings of the 2026 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, CA, 2026 pp. 79-80.

29. A. M. KomrskaG, M-J. F. DeganusG, K. Torfason, A. Valfells, and A. L. Garner, “Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Benchmarking Electron Emission Theories in Nonplanar Nanoscale Devices,” Proceedings of the 2026 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, CA, 2026 pp. 77-78.

28. L. I. BreenG, J. K. WrightG, and A. L. Garner, “The Transition between Electron Emission Mechanisms in a Nonplanar Vacuum Crossed-Field Gap,” Proceedings of the 2026 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, CA, 2026 pp. 26-27.

27. J. K. WrightG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge limited current for nonplanar crossed-field diodes,” 2024 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P1.15, 25 April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/IVECIVESC60838.2024.10694948

26. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “Effect of Self-Affine Surface Roughness on Space-Charge Limited Current,” 2024 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterrey, CA, 23 April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/IVECIVESC60838.2024.10694947

25. M. Pearlman, J. Watrous, D. Smithe, M. Worthington, A. Garner, and J. Browning, “Simulation Analysis of Noise Generation in a Re-Entrant Crossed-Field Amplifier,” 2024 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterrey, CA, 23 April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/IVECIVESC60838.2024.10694825 \

24. J. Marquardt, A. Garne, J. Prager, L. Lucas, and S. Chatzidakis, “Machine Learning-Accelerated Exploration in Medicinal Pulsed Plasma using Bayesian Optimization,” 2023 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC47928.2023.10311006

23. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “Analytical Solution for Space Charge Limited Current Emission from a Sharp Tip Using Variational Methods,” IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P8.22, 22 October 2020, pp. 395-396.

22. X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Predicting Effective Dielectric Properties of Composites for Nonlinear Transmission Lines Using Effective Medium Theories and CST Microwave Studios,” IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P5.2, 22 October 2020, pp. 305-306.

21. T. D. CrawfordG, A. J. FairbanksG, X. ZhuG, J. A. HernandezG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Development of Composites for Nonlinear Transmission Lines,” IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P5.1, 22 October 2020, PP. 303-304.

20. A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Transitions in Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown from Nanoscale to Microscale,” IEEE Vacuum Electronics Conference, 20 October 2020, pp. 63-64.

19. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, J. R. MalayterU, S. A. LangG, and A. L. Garner, “Nanoscale Feature Implications on Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 121, 399-401 (2019).

18. T. Parupudi, A. L. Garner, and R. Sundararajan, “Electrical Impedance Measurement as Biomarker for Brain Tumors,” Proc. 2018 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Oral G5, 19 June 2018, Boston, MA (2018).

17. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, "AC Gas Breakdown Scaling Laws," 2017 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 807-809 (2017).

16. L. Mittal, V. Raman, I. G. Camarillo, A. L. Garner, A. J. Fairbanks, G. A. Dunn, and R. Sundararajan, "Synergy of Micro and Nanosecond Electrical Pulses with Chemotherapeutics on Human Cancer Cell Viability," 2017 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 596-599 (2017).

15. J. Castle, R. Smith, B. Davis, S. Klopman, A. Torres, V. S. Robinson, V. B. Neculaes, and A. L. Garner, “Pilot Study Assessing the Impact of Platelet Activation Electric Stimulation Protocols on Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation,” in Proc. 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), pp. 88-90 (2016).

14. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Predicting breakdown voltage for microscale and nanoscale gaps as a function of pressure,” Proc. 2016 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Oral R1, 16 June 2016, West Lafayette, IN.

13. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Calculating Field Enhancement Factor using the Boundary Element Method,” Proc. 2016 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Poster G3, 14 June 2016, West Lafayette, IN.

12. A. L. Garner, J. J. Maciejewski, A. Vadlamani, and R. J. Byer, “Electric Pulse Shape Impact on Biological Effects: A Modeling Study,” in 2015 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 632-635 (2015).

11. A. J. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond Electric Pulse Induced Changes in Cell Suspension Conductivity,” in 2015 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 628-631 (2015).

10. V. Raman, I. Camarillo, A. Garner, P. Diwakar, S. Madhivanan, M. Raakesh, and R. Sundararajan, “Irreversible Electroporation of Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells,” in 2015 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 624-627 (2015).

9. T. Whitmer, A. Vadlamani, P. Bardos, and A. L. Garner, “Modification of Cell Population Dynamics by Pulsed Electric Fields,” in Proc. 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), pp. 408-410 (2014).

8. S. Sommakia, S. Wyatt, K. Otto, A. Vadlamani, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Interactions with Microglia and Astrocytes,” in Proc. 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), pp. 405-407 (2014).

7. A. Vadlamani, J. Zhuang, J. F. Kolb, and A. L. Garner, “Measuring Dielectric Properties of Biological Cells as a Function of Temperature,” in Proc. 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), pp. 402-404 (2014).

6. A. J. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Real Time Measurements of Cell Suspension Conductivity Changes Due to Pulsed Electric Fields,” in Proc. 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), pp. 399-401 (2014).

5. A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, Y. Jiang, S. Klopman, A. Torres, and N. LaPlante, “Compact Solid State Pulsed Power Architecture for Biomedical Workflows; Modular Topology, Programmable Pulse Output and Experimental Validation on Ex Vivo Platelet Activation,” in Proc. 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), pp. 35-40 (2014).

4. [INVITED] A. L. Garner, M. Deminsky, V. B. Neculaes, and B. Potapkin, "AC Field Induced Cell Membrane Temperature Gradients,” Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXV; and Terahertz for Biomedical Applications, ed. E. D. Jansen, R. J. Thomas, G. J. Wilmink, B. L. Ibey, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 8941, 89411Q-1 (2014).

3. G. Chen, N. Chen, A. L. Garner, J. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, S. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach, “Conductivity in Jurkat Cell Suspension after Ultrashort Electric Pulsing,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Biological Effect of EMFs, Kos, Greece, 1, 56-65 (2004).

2. A. L. Garner, J. Yang, N. Chen, J. Kolb, K. C. Loftin, R. J. Swanson, S. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach, "Effects of electrical pulses on the dielectric properties of biological cells," 2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 52-55 (2003).

1. K. H. Schoenbach, J. Cooper, A. Garner, B. Goan, R. P. Joshi, J. Kolb, S. Katsuki, S. Kono, M. Laroussi, F. Leipold, X. Lu, C. Mallot, J. Quian, S. Xiao, "Electrical breakdown of submillimeter water gaps," BEAMS 2002: 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams," 650, 111-114 (2002).

Books and Book Chapters

1. A. L. Garner, A. M. LovelessPD, A. M. DarrG, and H. WangG, “Gas Discharge and Electron Emission for Microscale and Smaller Gaps,” in Pulsed Discharge Plasmas: Characteristics and Applications, edited by T. Shao and C. Zhang, (Springer, Singapore Pte Ltd., 2023), Chap. 3, pp. 75-95.

Invited Seminars and Colloquia

93. A. L. Garner, "Extending Electron Emission Models Beyond Planar, Single Mechanism Devices," Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 09 October 2026.

92. A. L. Garner, “Mathematical Models and Applications of Intense Electromagnetic Radiation,” School of Health Sciences Seminar, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 21 September 2026.

91. A. L. Garner, "Theoretical Techniques to Extend Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown Theories to More Realistic Geometries," Physics and Theoretical Divisions Colloquium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 18 June 2026.

90. A. L. Garner, “Extending Electron Emission Equations to More Realistic Conditions,” Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 17 June 2026.

89. A. L. Garner, “Generalizing Electron Emission Theories Using Electric Potential,” Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Warfare Directorate, Albuquerque, NM, 16 June 2026.

88. A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Analyses of Electron Emission Physics in Crossed Field Geometries,” Air Force Research Laboratory, High Power Electromagnetics Division, Albuquerque, NM, 15 June 2026.

87. A. L. Garner, “Biological Cell Response to Electric fields: Models and Applications,” PANTHER online symposium, 06 April 2026.

86. A. L. Garner, “Extending Electron Emission Theories to More Realistic Conditions,” Distinguished Lecture, Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, Crane, IN 02 March 2026.

85. A. L. Garner, “Electrical Manipulation of Biological Cells: Models and Applications,” Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 15 September 2025.

84. A. L. Garner, “Extending Electron Emission Theories to More Realistic Conditions,” Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 17 July 2025.

83. A. L. Garner, “Generalizing Space-Charge Limited Current Theories for Geometry and Collisions,” Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 23 June 2025.

82. A. L. Garner, “Extending Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown Theories toward Devices,” Elve Speed, Inc., Davis, CA, 13 June 2025.

81. A. L. Garner, “Mathematical Techniques for Assessing Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown,” Applied Materials, Santa Clara, CA, 12 June 2025.

80. A. L. Garner, “Reenvisioning space-charge limited current and electron emission,” School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 26 March 2025.

79. A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Techniques for Extending Electron Emission Theories to More Realistic Geometries,” BR&T/IVS/Structures Technology, Boeing, Tukwila, WA, 10 January 2025.

78. A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Techniques for Extending Electron Emission Theories to More Realistic Geometries,” Avalanche Energy Designs, Tukwila, WA, 09 January 2025.

77. A. L. Garner, “Generalizing Higher Order Differential Equations for Geometry: Applications to Electron Emission,” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 7 January 2025.

76. A. L. Garner, “New Perspectives on Electron Emission Physics,” Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 22 October 2024.

75. A. L. Garner, “Linking Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown Across Length and Pressure Scales,” Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 23 February 2024.

74. A. L. Garner, “Experiments and Theories Linking Electron Emission to Avalanche Formation,” Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 19 December 2023.

73. A. L. Garner, “Interactions and Applications of Electric Waveforms with Cells and Tissues,” Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA, 12 December 2023.

72. A. L. Garner, “Electroporation: Fundamental Biophysics to Medical Applications,” Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 14 November 2023.

71. A. L. Garner, “Nonionizing Radiation: Biophysical Mechanisms and Applications,” School of Health Sciences Seminar, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 31 October 2023.

70. A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Analyses of Electron Physics in Crossed-Field Geometries,” Avalanche Energy Designs, Tukwila, WA, 07 September 2023.

69. A. L. Garner, “Incorporating Geometry, Multiple Dimensions, and Collisions into the Child-Langmuir Law,” Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 30 August 2023.

68. A. L. Garner, “Extending Crossed-Field Device Physics to Collisional and Nonplanar Conditions,” Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 29 August 2023.

67. A. L. Garner, “Electron Emission Theories for More Realistic Geometries and Conditions,” Center for Applied Optics, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 01 August 2023.

66. A. L. Garner, “Transitions between breakdown and electron emission from DC to AC,” Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA, 27 July 2023.

65. A. L. Garner, “Vacuum and Collisional Crossed-Field Device Physics,” Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 26 July 2023.

64. A. L. Garner, R. Sundararajan, and I. Camarillo, “Electroporation: Fundamental Biophysics to Medical Applications,” Abbott, Delivered Virtually, 23 February 2023.

63. A. L. Garner, “Space-charge limited current: Extending beyond the Child-Langmuir law,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 12 December 2022.

62. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic field exposure: Modeling and application,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 12 December 2022.

61. A. L. Garner, “Transitions Between Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission Mechanisms at Nanoscale,” Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 05 April 2022.

60. A. L. Garner, “Extending Space-Charge Limited Current Theories to Nonplanar and Multidimensional Geometries,” Science, Mathematics and Technology Online Research Seminar, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore, 24 February 2022.

59. A. L. Garner, “Cellular Manipulation Using Intense Electromagnetic Radiation: From Fundamental Biophysics to Practical Application,” Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 26 October 2021 (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

58. A. L. Garner, “Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission at Nanoscale,” Joint Webinar Series by Purdue University, USA and VIT, Vellore India, 23 September 2021 (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

57. A. L. Garner, “Directed Energy: From Source to Molecular Interactions,” School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 10 March 2021 (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

56. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Cells,” Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD, 20 October 2020. (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

55. A. L. Garner, “Modified Paschen's law for Microscale and Nanoscale Gaps,” Michigan Institute of Plasma Science and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, 13 October 2020. (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

54. A. L. Garner, “Re-envisioning Electron Emission Physics,” Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 17 August 2020 (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

53. A. L. Garner, “Electric pulses: Fundamental Biophysics and Emerging Biomedical Applications,” Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanceepuram 603203, Tamil Nadu, India, 16 July 2020 (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

52. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Manipulation of Biological Cells,” Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 10 April 2020 (Delivered virtually due to COVID-19).

51. A. L. Garner, “Unified Electron Emission Theory and Experimental Validation,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 03 March 2020.

50. A. L. Garner, “Unified Electron Emission Theory and Experimental Validation,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 06 December 2019.

49. A. L. Garner, “Theoretical and Experimental Unification of Electron Emission Mechanisms,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 04 December 2019.

48. A. L. Garner, “Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown from Quantum to Classical Lengths,” Plasma Seminar Series, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 02 December 2019.

47. A. L. Garner, “Biological Manipulation with Intense Electromagnetic Radiation,” Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics,” Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA, 29 October 2019.

46. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetic Manipulation of Biological Cells and Systems,” Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 25 September 2019.

45. A. L. Garner, “Progress Toward a Universal, Unified Electron Emission Theory,” Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 11 July 2019.

44. A. L. Garner, “Unification of Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown Mechanisms: Experiment and Theory,” Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 10 July 2019.

43. A. L. Garner, “Unification of Breakdown Theories across Gap and Pressure,” Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD, 12 July 2018.

42. A. L. Garner, “The Influence of Gap Size and Electrode Surface on Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission,” Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA, 11 July 2018.

41. A. L. Garner, “The Influence of Gap Size and Electrode Surface on Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission,” Varex Imaging, Salt Lake City, UT, 07 June 2018.

40. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetism for Biological Manipulation,” Luna Innovations, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, 22 May 2018.

39. A. L. Garner, “Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission for Microscale and Smaller Gaps,” Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane, Crane, IN, 03 May 2018.

38. A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Power and Plasmas: Electromagnetism for Medicine and Agriculture,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 29 January 2018.

37. A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Power and Plasmas: Tools for Medicine and Agriculture,” Department of Biological Systems Engineering Seminar, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 30 November 2017.

36. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Biomedical Manipulation: Theory and Application,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 29 September 2017.

35. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: From Fundamental Physics to Application,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 27 September 2017.

34. A. L. Garner, “Directed Energy Technology: From Fundamental Electrophysics to Bioelectrics,” Association of the Old Crows, Windy City Chapter, Rolling Meadows, IL, 07 June 2017.

33. A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Power and Plasmas: From Fundamental Electrophysics to Bioelectrics,” Atlanta Joint Chapter of IEEE Antennas and Propagation and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Societies, Smryna, GA, 09 May 2017.

32. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: From Fundamental Physics to Application,” State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 01 May 2017.

31. A. L. Garner, “Plasmas, Pulsed Power, and Lasers for Biology and Medicine,” Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 27 March 2017.

30. A. L. Garner, “Nonionizing Radiation for Biomedical Manipulation,” School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 31 January 2017.

29. A. L. Garner, “Directed Energy for Biomedical Manipulation,” Department of Engineering Physics Seminar, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 19 January 2017.

28. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetism for Cellular Manipulation and Cancer Treatment,” Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 22 August 2016.

27. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Pulsed Power, Plasma, and Laser Induced Biological Phenomena and Applications,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 26 February 2016.

26. A. L. Garner, “Directed Energy – Induced Biological Effects and Manipulation,” Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Aberdeen, MD, 23 February 2016.

25. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetism for Biology: Mechanisms and Applications,” Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences Colloquium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 15 January 2016.

24. A. L. Garner, “Biological Manipulation with Intense Electromagnetic Radiation,” School of Engineering and Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland, 14 October 2015.

23. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetism for Biological Manipulation,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Seminar, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 11 September 2015.

22. A. L. Garner, “Plasmas and Pulsed Power for Combustion and Ignition,” Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 24 June 2015.

21. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Electric Pulses, Plasmas, and Lasers for Biological Manipulation,” EP Technologies, Akron, OH, 23 June 2015.

20. A. L. Garner, “Cellular Manipulation and Control by Electromagnetism,” XSD Special Presentation, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 20 April 2015.

19. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Manipulation of Biological Cells: Effects across the Electromagnetic Spectrum,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 17 April 2015.

18. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Cellular Manipulation by Intense Electromagnetic Radiation,” Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 10 April 2015.

17. A. L. Garner, “Biological Manipulation by Electromagnetism,” Department of Biomedical Engineering Seminar, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 19 March 2015.

16. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetic Radiation for Biomedical Applications,” Nuclear Engineering Division Seminar, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 08 January 2015.

15. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Actuation for Biology,” Fields and Optics Seminar, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 02 December 2014.

14. A. L. Garner, “Biological Actuation by Intense Electromagnetic Radiation,” Clinical Systems and Signal Processing Directorate Seminar Series, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, 29 July 2014.

13. A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Power and Plasmas -- New Tools for Biomedical Applications,” Diversified Technologies, Inc., Bedford, MA, 28 July 2014.

12. A. L. Garner, “Intense Electromagnetic Radiation for Biological Actuation,” Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA, 17 June 2014.

11. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Pulsed Power, Plasmas, and Lasers for Biology and Medicine,” High Energy Density Physics Seminar, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 05 June 2014.

10. A. L. Garner, “Directed Energy Biological Interactions: Effects and Applications,” Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM, 18 December 2013.

9. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Biomedical Applications of Pulsed Power, Plasmas, and Lasers,” Accelerator Operations and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 07 August 2013.

8. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Pulsed Electric Fields and Plasmas for Cellular Manipulation,” Radiofrequency Radiation Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 06 August 2013.

7. A. L. Garner and K. M. Keener, “Generating Atmospheric Cold Plasma Inside a Sealed Container,” Code 6700, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, 08 March 2013.

6. A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Power and Plasmas: New Tools in Healthcare,” Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 01 May 2012.

5. A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Power: A New Tool in Healthcare,” School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 18 April 2012.

4. A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Radiation as a Tool for Biological Manipulation,” GE Global Research Center, RF Instrumentation and Systems Laboratory, Niskayuna, NY, 18 November 2011.

3. A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: A Cross-Disciplinary Research Area,” Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 22 April 2010.

2. R. Gilgenbach, A. Garner, D. Jordan, H. Y. Chan, Y. Y. Lau, and M. Uhler, “Ultrawideband Electrochemotherapy Experiments & Theory at UM,” Biological Effects of ElectroMagnetics (BEEM) Workshop, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 20 February 2006.

1. A. L. Garner, “Biological Cell Response to Ultrashort Electrical Pulses: An Engineer’s Perspective,” GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, 15 February 2006.

Oral Presentations [Presenter(s) in italics, student(s) underlined]

170. C. D. GastonG and A. L. Garner, “Characterizing Collision Frequency and Electron Transit Time in a Space-Charge-Limited Gap,” 2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Lake Tahoe, NV, MF3.4, 22 June 2026.

169. N. MankerG, M. Pearlman, A. Garner, M. Worthington, and J. Browning, “Simulation of a Secondary Electron Emission Cathode in a Crossed-Field Amplifier,” 2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Lake Tahoe, NV, WB3.3, 22 June 2026.

168. A. PandaG, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “Virtual Cathode Formation and the Bifurcation Current in a Crossed-Field Gap,” 2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Lake Tahoe, NV, MF3.2, 22 June 2026.

167. S. HossainG, C. D. GastonG, and A. L. Garner, “Characterizing Collision Frequency in More Realistic Diode Geometries at the Space-Charge Limit,” 2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Lake Tahoe, NV, MF3.1, 22 June 2026.

166. A. L. Garner, J. K. WrightG, and N. R. S. HarshaP, “Limiting Current in a Crossed-Field Gap Using Electric Potential and Capacitance,” 2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Lake Tahoe, NV, MF2.6, 22 June 2026.

165. J. K. WrightG, C. EckardtU, A. M. Darr, and A. L. Garner, “Space charge limited current density for an array of multiple tips,” 2026 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, CA, 21 April 2026.

164. A. M. KomrskaG M-J. F. DeganusU, K. Torfason, A. Valfells, and A. L. Garner, “Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Benchmarking Electron Emission Theories for Nonplanar Devices,” 2026 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, CA, 21 April 2026.

163. L. I. BreenG, J. K. WrightG, and A. L. Garner, “The transition between electron emission mechanisms in a non-planar crossed-field gap,” 2026 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, CA, 20 April 2026.

162. A. L. Garner, J. K. WrightG, N. R. S. Harsha, and L. I. BreenG, “A Capacitance Argument for Electric Potential and Space-Charge-Limited Current in a Crossed-Field Gap,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session JM11.

161. A. M. KomrskaG, M-J. DeganusU, K. Torfason, Á. Valfells, and A. L. Garner, “Applying Molecular Dynamics to Benchmark Point Transformations for Assessing Electron Emission Mechanisms in Nonplanar Nanoscale Devices,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session JM11.

160. J. K. WrightG, S. UnzickerU, C. EckardtU, N. R. S. Harsha, and A. L. Garner, “Calculating the Space-Charge-Limited Current using the Vacuum Electric Field,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session JM11.

159. C. BuerkeG, A. KomrskaG, Z. CatoU, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge-limited current in a gap composed of materials with different collision frequencies,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session JM11.

158. L. I. BreenG and A. L. Garner, “Asymptotic Analysis of Electron Emission Mechanisms in a Collisional Crossed-Field Gap,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session JM11.

157. A. PandaG, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “Virtual Cathode Behavior in Crossed-Field Gaps at the Limiting Current,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session JM11.

156. A. M Darr, T. J. Renk, T. J. Webb, M. D. Johnston, K. A. Mikkelson, J. G. Maynard, M. G. Mazarakis, J. K. WrightG, L. I. BreenG, and A. L. Garner, “Theory and simulations to characterize impedance modes due to HERMES III transmission line modifications,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 20NOV2025, Session UV14.

155. C. J. BuerkeG, S. HossainUG, R. L. McCaffertyUG, A. G. SinelliUG, N. R. S. HarshaG, A. M. Loveless, and A. L. Garner, “Experimental and theoretical assessments of electron emission in solid-state diodes,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 30 May 2024.

154. P. D. SpenglerG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Multidimensional space-charge-limited current as a function of cathode thickness,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 31 May 2024.

153. S. J. WyssG, R. P. Joshi, and A. L. Garner, “Modeling pulse waveforms necessary for neuronal stimulation,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 31 May 2024.

152. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. Garner, “Multidimensional space-chage-limited current from a rough cathode,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 30 May 2024.

151.A. L. Garner, N. R. S. HarshaG, and A. M. Loveless, “Extending collisional space-charge-limited current to nonplanar diodes,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 30 May 2024.

150. S. MahajanG, H. WangG, A. M. Loveless, A. Semnani, V. Ayyaswamy, L. I. BreenG, and A. L. Garner, “Extending microscale gas breakdown theory to AC fields,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 29 May 2024.

149. L. I. BreenG, S. MahajanG, A. Semnani, A. M. Loveless, and A. L. Garner, “Gas breakdown at intermediate pressures and gap distances,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 29 May 2024.

148. T. D. CrawfordG and A. L. Garner, “A solid state, composite-based nonlinear transmission line with exponential taper for microwave generation,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 29 May 2024.

147. T. D. CrawfordG and A. L. Garner, “A Solid State Gyromagnetic Nonlinear Transmission Line with Exponential Taper for High Power Microwave Generation,” 2024 Directed Energy Science and Technology Symposium, Colorado Springs, CO, May 2024.

146. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “Effect of Self-Affine Surface Roughness on Space-Charge Limited Current,” 2024 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterrey, CA, 23 April 2024.

145. [INVITED] A. Garner, A. LovelessP, H. WangG, S. MahajanG, V. Ayyaswamy, and A. Semnani, “Gas Breakdown for Nano-and Microscale Gaps: Linking Electron Emission and Avalanche Theories,” Gaseous Electronics Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, 13 October 2023.

144. T. CrawfordG and A. Garner, “Material and System Design Considerations for Nonlinear Transmission Lines used as Combined Pulse Forming Lines and High-Power Microwave Sources,” 24th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, San Antonio, TX, Medical Applications of Pulsed Power 1, 27 June 2023.

143. J. MarquardtG, A. Garner, J. Prager, L. Lucas, S. Chatzidakis, “Machine Learning-Accelerated Exploration in Medicinal Pulsed Plasma using Bayesian Optimization,” 24th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, San Antonio, TX, Medical Applications of Pulsed Power 1, 27 June 2023.

142. A. Loveless, S. WyssG, W. Milestone, R. Joshi, and A. Garner, “SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL INCORPORATING ELECTROPORATION,” 24th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, San Antonio, TX, Medical Applications of Pulsed Power 1, 26 June 2023.

141. S. WyssG, W. Milestone, S. EversU, A. LovelessP, S. Chatzidakis, R. Joshi, and A. Garner, “Scaling of Electropermeabilization with Electric Pulse Parameters: A Simulation Study,” 24th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, San Antonio, TX, Medical Applications of Pulsed Power 1, 26 June 2023.

140. C. BakerG, S. WyssG, W. Milestone, A. Garner, and R. Joshi, “Radiofrequency (RF) Based Selectivity in Electroporation for Treatment of Tumor Cells,” 24th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, San Antonio, TX, Medical Applications of Pulsed Power 1, 26 June 2023.

139. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “A multi-dimensional Child-Langmuir law with surface roughness,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-7.6.7, 25MAY2023.

138. M. Pearlman, J. Watrous, D. Smithe, A. Yue, A. L. Garner, M. Worthington, J. Browning, “Electron Spoke Characterization During Amplification in a Crossed-Field Amplifier via Simulation,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-7.5.1, 25MAY2023.

137. A. LovelessPD, V. Ayyaswamy, H. WangG, A. Semnani, and A. Garner, “Comparing Continuum and Particle-in-Cell Simulations at Microscale,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-5.1.3, 24MAY2023.

136. J. HalpernU, N. R. Sree HarshaG, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Relativistic Space-Charge-Limited Current in Nonplanar Diodes,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-3.1.5, 23MAY2023.

135. X. ZhuG, J. W. Luginsland, J. Browning, A. L. Garner, “Electron Cycloidal and Brillouin Flows in a Two-Dimensional Planar Crossed-Field Gap,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-3.1.1, 23MAY2023.

134. L. I. BreenG, A. M. LovelessPD, A. M. KomrskaU, K. L. Cartwright, A. L. Garner, “Incorporating Collisions into the Limiting Current of a Crossed-Field Gap,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-1.1.3, 22MAY2023.

133. H. WangG, A. Venkattraman, A. LovelessPD, S. MahajanG, and A. Garner, “Study of Ionization rate in microwave microplasmas by PIC/MCC Simulations,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Basic Phenomena, O-1.1.2, 22MAY2023.

132. T. D. CrawfordG and A. L. Garner, “Testing of a Compact High-Power Microwave System Utilizing a Novel Composite Based Nonlinear Transmission Line Topology” Directed Energy Professionals Society Conference, San Antonio, TX, April 2023.

131. H. WangG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Assessment of techniques for determining space-charge limited current for non-planar crossed-field diodes,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Analytical Methods Section, 22 June 2022.

130. N. R. Sree HarshaG, A. M. DarrG, J. M. HalpernU, A. L. Garner, “Novel techniques for deriving the space-charge limited current for nonplanar diodes,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Analytical Methods Section, 22 June 2022.

129. [INVITED] L. I. BreenG, A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, K. L. Cartwright, A. L. Garner, “Crossed-field nexus theory: Incorporating collisions, field emission, thermionic emission, and space-charge,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Analytical Methods Section, 22 June 2022.

128. A. M. LovelessP, V. Ayyaswyamy, S. MahajanG, A. Semnani, and A. L. Garner, “Comparison of particle-in-cell and continuum simulations for RF microscale gas breakdown,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Analytical Methods Section, 22 June 2022.

127. S. MahajanG, A. M. LovelessP, A. Semnani, A. Venkattraman, and A. L. Garner, “Microscale gas breakdown for microwave fields: Theory and simulation,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Repetitive Pulsed Power Section, 22 June 2022.

126. [INVITED] R. A. VadlamaniG, A. DhanabalG, D. A. Detwiler, R. Pai, J. McCarthy, M. N. Seleem, and A. L. Garner, “Enhanced inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria using Gram-positive antibiotics and nanosecond electric pulses,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Biomedical and Applications Session, 22 June 2022.

125. W. J. Milestone, Q. Hu, A. M. LovelessP, A. L. Garner, and R. P. Joshi, “Analysis of the role of cellular heating in microsecond irreversible electroporation,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Biomedical and Applications Session, 22 June 2022.

124. B. Neculaes, A. Garner, and E. Longman, “Pulsed electric field activation of platelet rich plasmas with different levels of platelet enrichment and red blood cell content,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, Biomedical and Applications Session, 22 June 2022.

123. T. D. CrawfordG, X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, and A. L. Garner, “System design considerations for a nonlinear transmission line used simultaneously as a pulse forming line and high-power microwave source,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, High Power Microwaves Session, 21 June 2022.

122. X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Modeling composite nonlinear transmission lines as high-power microwave source,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, High Power Microwaves Session, 21 June 2022.

121. H. WangG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Assessment of techniques for determining space-charge limited current in non-planar crossed-field diodes,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO 4.1-5, 4.1 – 1.1, 26 May 2022.

120. N. R. Sree HarshaG, J. M. HalpernU, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Using Lie symmetries to derive space-charge-limited current in non-planar diodes with nonzero injection velocity,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO 4.1-4, 4.1 – 1.1, 26 May 2022.

119. J. M. HalpernU, A. M. DarrG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge-limited current in non-planar diodes with nonzero injection velocity,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO 4.1-3, 4.1 – 1.1, 26 May 2022.

118. L. I. BreenG, A. M. DarrG, A. M. LovelessP, K. L. Cartwright, and A. L. Garner, “Incorporating electron injection velocity into the transition from field emission to space-charge limited emission with collisions,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO 4.1-2, 4.1 – 1.1, 26 May 2022.

117. A. M. DarrG and A. L. Garner, “Resistor effects on non- and semi-magnetically insulated crossed-field devices,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, AO 3.4-2, 3. 4– 2.2/2.3, 25 May 2022.

116. R. Bhattacharya, J. McClarin, B. Sainz, A. Yue, I. Wolstenholme, M. Cannon, G. Herrera, L. Gaffney, A. M. Darr, G. Rughoobur, W. Chern, A. L. Garner, A. I. Akinwande, and J. Browning,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO 3.5-2, 3. 5 – 6.2/6.3, 25 May 2022.

115. A. M. LovelessP, V. Ayyaswamy, S. MahajanG, A. Semnani, and A. L. Garner, “Comparison of particle-in-cell and continuum simulations for microscale gas breakdown,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO 3.4-7. 3.4 – 2.5/2.7, 25 May 2022.

114. S. MahajanG, A. M. LovelessP, A. L. Garner, A. Semnani, and A. Venkattraman, “Theoretical analysis of microwave breakdown for microscale gaps,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, MO3.4-4, MO 3.4 – 2.5/2.7, 25 May 2022.

113. H. WangG, A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Experimental studies of gas breakdown and electron emission for nanoscale vacuum gaps,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, AO 2.5-1, AO 2.5 -7.1, 24 May 2022.

112. T. CrawfordG, X. ZhuG, and A. L. Garner, “Impedance effects on nonlinear transmission line performance,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, AO 1.6.01, AO1.6 – 7.2/7.4, 23 May 2022.

111. T. D. CrawfordG and A. L. Garner, “Antenna design consideration for a nonlinear transmission line used as a pulse forming line and high-power microwave source,” Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, DE Student Workshop, Mobile, AL, 28 April 2022.

110. W. MilestoneG, Q. Hu, A. LovelessP, A. Garner, and R. Joshi, “Coupling Smoluchowski Equation with COMSOL for Generalized Electroporation Simulations,” IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Oral 4O-D: Medical, Biological and Environmental Applications, 16 December 2021.

109. A. LovelessP, R. RamosG, W. MilestoneG, R. Joshi, K. Virgilio, and A. Garner, “Deriving Simple Models to Account for Electroporation in Membrane Potential Calculations,” IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Oral 4O-D: Medical, Biological and Environmental Applications, 16 December 2021

108. N. R. Sree HarshaG, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Space-charge limited current: Extensions to non-planar, multidimensional, and crossed-field diodes,” 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, ZO05.00012, Virtual 12 November 2021.

107. A. M. DarrG, A. L. Garner, and A. Hassanein, “Transient model of fuzzy tungsten growth, annealing, and erosion in fusion environments,” 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, PO08.00005, Virtual 10 November 2021.

106. S. MahajanG, A. LovelessP, A. Semnani, and A. Garner, “Asymptotic Analysis of AC Microscale Gas Breakdown,” 74th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, UF23.00005, Virtual 08 October 2021.

105. H. WangG, A. LovelessP, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Experimental Studies of Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission for Nanoscale Gaps,” 74th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, UF23.00004, Virtual 08 October 2021.

104. A. LovelessP, A. DarrG, H. WangG, J. Welch IIIU, and A. Garner, “Theoretical Linkage of Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown Mechanisms,” 74th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, UF23.00003, Virtual 08 October 2021.

103. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. Garner, “Applying Conformal Mapping to simulate the generation of species in Nanosecond Pulsed Discharges in a tip-to-tip geometry,” 74th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, GT54.00001, Virtual 05 October 2021.

102. [INVITED PLENARY] A. Garner, “Diode physics: From Child-Langmuir to Paschen’s law,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Plenary 8, Virtual 15 September 2021.

101. J. HalpernU, A. DarrG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. Garner, “Space-charge-limited current for nonzero electron injection velocity in non-planar diodes,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 7O-B-05, Virtual 15 September 2021.

100. S. LangG, A. DarrG, and A. GarnerG, “Unification of photo-, thermionic, and field emission,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 7O-B-04, Virtual 15 September 2021.

99. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. GarnerG, “Multi-dimensional space-charge limited current using variational calculus and vacuum capacitance,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 7O-B-03, Virtual 15 September 2021.

98. A. DarrG, J. PanH, R. BhattacharyaP, J. Browning, and A. Garner, “Space-charge limited current for a nonplanar crossed-field diode,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 7O-B-02, Virtual 15 September 2021.

97. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. Garner, “Conformal mapping to simulate nanosecond pulsed plasma for plasm species generation in tip-tip geometry,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 7O-A-04, Virtual 15 September 2021.

96. T. CrawfordG, A. FairbanksG, and A. Garner, “Testing composite based nonlinear transmission lines with various pulsed power drivers,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5O-E-02, Virtual 14 September 2021.

95. A. FairbanksG, T. CrawfordG, and A. Garner, “Composite-based nonlinear transmission line as a complete high power microwave system,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5O-E-01, Virtual 14 September 2021.

94. H. WangG, R. BrayfieldG, A. Venkattraman, A. LovelessP, C. BuerkeU, and A. Garner, “Calculation of ionization coefficient in microscale and nanoscale gaps using PIC/MCC simulations,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5O-A-05, Virtual 14 September 2021.

93. H. WangG, R. BrayfieldG, A. LovelessP, and A. Garner, “Experimental studies of gas breakdown and electron emission for nanoscale gaps at atmospheric pressure,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5O-A-04, Virtual 14 September 2021.

92. J. WelchU, A. DarrG, A. LovelessP, and A. Garner, “Incorporating a series resistor into microscale gas breakdown theory,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5O-A-02, Virtual 14 September 2021.

91. X. ZhuG, A. FairbanksG, T. CrawfordG, W. Sessions, and A. Garner, “Microwave generation in coaxial, composite nonlinear transmission lines,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 4O-C-05, Virtual 13 September 2021.

90. [INVITED TALK] A. LovelessP, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Electron emission nexus theory for a crossed-field diode,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 3I-B-02, Virtual 13 September 2021.

89. B-S. ChenG, A. Garner, and S. Bane, “Simulation of nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasma assisted counter-flow diffusion, flame,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2O-D-03, Virtual 13 September 2021.

88. [INVITED TALK] A. L. Garner, “Characterizing Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Biological Cells to Guide Medical Applications,” 2nd Virtual Annual International Conference on Naturopathy, Nanotechnology, Nutraceuticals and Immunotherapy in Cancer Research, Virtual 11 June 2021.

87. A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, A. L. Garner, “Novel composite based NLTL as complete high power microwave system,” 2021 Annual DE S&T Symposium, Student Workshop – HPM & Thermal, Virtual 24 March 2021.

86. [INVITED TALK] A. L. Garner, “Biological Manipulation with Electromagnetic Radiation,” 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Material Chemistry (ICRAMC - 2021), 19 February 2021.

85. A. M. LovelessP, R. R. RamosG, M. R. DeWitt, and A. L. Garner, “A Simplified Theory Unifying Electroporation and Action Potential Propagation,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA5-S5-050, Session D5N6-TA5.510 December 2020.

84. A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, J. A. HernandezG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Nonlinear transmission line design using novel nonlinear composites,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA2-S6-009, Session D5M3-TA2.6, 09 December 2020. [Chosen as selected paper]

83. T. D. CrawfordG, A. J. FairbanksG, J. A. HernandezG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Nonlinear Permeability Measurements of Single and Dual Inclusion Composites for NLTL Systems from 1-4 GHz,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA2-S6-007, Session D5M3-TA2.6, 09 December 2020.

82. H. WangG, R. S. BrayfieldG, A. M. DarrG, A. M. LovelessP, and A. L. Garner, “Experimental studies of electron emission and gas breakdown for nanoscale diodes at atmospheric pressure,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA1-S1-070, Session D4N1-TA1.4+TA1.1, 09 December 2020.

81. J. R. MalayterU and A. L. Garner, “Calculations of work function as a function of surface roughness period and shape,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA1-S1-064, Session D1N1-TA1:1, 06 December 2020.

80. S. A. LangG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Examination of electron emission liquids to gases,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA1-S1-060, Session D1N1-TA1:1, 06 December 2020.

79. A. M. DarrG, A. M. LovelessP, R. S. BrayfieldG, H. WangG, and A. L. Garner, “Nexus Theory: electron emission regime transitions across length, pressure, and temperature scales,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA3-S1-066, Session D1N3-TA3.1, 06 December 2020.

78. A. LovelessG,P, L. BreenU, R. BrayfieldG, and A. Garner, “A Universal Theory for Microscale Gas Breakdown for a Pin to Plate Geometry,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, NO03.00010, 11 November 2020.

77. S. LangG, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Theoretical analysis of the transition from field emission to space-charge limited emission in liquids,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, NO03.00009, 11 November 2020.

76. N. IsnerG and A. Garner, “Scaling Nanosecond Electric Pulse Parameters for Plasma Species Generation,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, JO07.00005, 10 November 2020.

75. A. DarrG, Sree Harsha N RG, and A. Garner, “Space-charge Limited Emission in Crossed Field Diodes using Variational Calculus,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, BO03.00013, 10 November 2020.

74. Sree Harsha N RG and A. L. Garner, “Conformal Mapping for Calculating Space Charge Limited Current,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, BO03.00013, 09 November 2020.

73. A. M. LovelessP, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Transitions in Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown from Nanoscale to Microscale,” IEEE Vacuum Electronics Conference, 20 October 2020.

72. A. M. DarrG, C. R. DarrU, and A. L. Garner, “Nexuses between Field, Thermionic, and Space-Charge Limited-Emission Theories,” IEEE Vacuum Electronics Conference, 20 October 2020.

71. A. J. FairbanksG, X. ZhuG, J. A. HernandezG, T. D. CrawfordG, J. D. MatejaU, T. N. Tallman, A. L. Garner, “Experimental and Simulation Evaluation of Composite Materials for NLTL System Design,” 22nd Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Student Workshop, 11 March 2020, West Point, NY, USA.

70. R. S. Brayfield IIG, A. M. DarrG, W. LiU, A. J. FairbanksG, H. WangG, A. M. LovelessG, and A. L. Garner, “Nano/Micro-Meter electrode topology Effects on Electron Emission,” 22nd Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Student Workshop, 11 March 2020, West Point, NY, USA.

69. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Implications of Electrode Geometry on Electron Emission and Microscale Gas Breakdown,” 22nd Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Student Workshop, 11 March 2020, West Point, NY, USA.

68. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, J. R. MalayterU, S. A. LangG, and A. L. Garner, “Nanoscale Feature Implications on Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown,” Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 121, 399-401 (2019).

67. J. MalayterU and A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Assessment of Surface Waviness on Work Function,” 2019 Fall Undergraduate Research Expo, West Lafayette, IN, 18 November 2019.

66. N. IsnerG, J. Poggie, and A. Garner, Computational Study of Nanosecond Electric Pulse Parameters on Plasma Species Generation,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 64, JO4.00014 (2019).

65. A. DarrG and A. Garner, “Space-charge limited current calculation using the minimum energy principle,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 64, JO4.00007 (2019).

64. [INVITED] A. L. Garner, A. M. LovelessG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, A. M. DarrG, J. R. MalayterU, and G. Meng, “Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission for Microscale Gaps: Unified Theory and Nanofeature Effects,” Joint Meeting of the 32nd International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) and 12th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC), Cincinnati, OH, 13.1, 25 July 2019.

63. A. DarrG and A. Garner, “A Coordinate Invariant Theory for Space Charge Limited Emission using Variational Calculus,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 10A5, 28 June 2019.

62. G. Meng, Q. Ying, A. LovelessG, F. Wu, K. Wang, Y. Fu, A. Garner, and Y. Cheng, “Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Pulsed Gas Breakdown in Microgaps,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 10C2, 28 June 2019.

61. A. DarrG, A. LovelessG, and A. Garner, “Incorporating Resistance into the Unification of Field Emission and Space Charge-Limited Emission with Collisions,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 7A3, 27 June 2019.

60. R. BrayfieldG, A. FairbanksG, A. LovelessG, S. GaoG, C. DarrU, J. MalayterU, W. Wu, and A. Garner, “Microscale Gas Breakdown Voltage Dependence on Electrode Surface,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3F3, 25 June 2019.

59. A. LovelessG, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown: Unification of Theory from Schrodinger’s Equation to Paschen’s Law,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3F2, 25 June 2019.

58. L. MittalG, A. Garner, I. Camarillo X. Chen, R. Joshi, and R. Sundararajan, “Electrochemotherapy Enhances the Curcumin Effect on TNBC Cells in a Dosage and Energy Dependent Manner,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3C4, 25 June 2019.

57. V. Neculaes, A. Garner, D. Dimitry, and E. Loghin, “Single Cell Laser Mediated Molecule Delivery – Infrared Laser Based Microinjection,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3C3, 25 June 2019.

56. J. FirehammerU, L. MittalG, M. DeWitt, R. Sundararajan, and A. Garner, “Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth and Response to Electrochemotherapy,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3C2, 25 June 2019.

55. A. LovelessG, M. Lopez de Bertodano, and A. Garner, “Modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley Wave Behavior by Electroporation,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 2D2, 24 June 2019.

54. A. Cross, K. Frutschy, A. Garner, and V. Neculaes, “Experimental, analytical, and computational studies of electron gun grid heating,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 2B3, 24 June 2019.

53. A. FairbanksG, X. ZhuG, J. HernandezG, S. GaoG, W. Wu, T. Tallman, and A. Garner, “Development and Diagnostics on Composites for Nonlinear Transmission Lines,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 2C3, 24 June 2019.

52. X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, and A. L. Garner, “Assessing Effective Medium Theories for Designing Composites for Nonlinear Transmission Lines,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 2C2, 24 June 2019.

51. A. DhanabalG, A. VadlamaniP, D. Detwiler, and A. Garner, “Microorganism Inactivation with Electric Pulsed and Drugs,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1D5, 24 June 2019.

50. E. Loghin, A. Garner, T. CrawfordG, and V. Neculaes, “Cell permeabilization an exogenous molecule delivery via microwave treatment,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1D4, 24 June 2019.

49. R. S. Brayfield, IIG, A. J. FairbanksG, A. M. LovelessG, S. GaoG, W. LiU, C. DarrU, J. R. MalayterU, W. Wu, and A. L. Garner, “Experimental assessment of electrode effects on gas breakdown for microscale gaps,” 21st Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Student Workshop II, 10 April 2019, Destin, FL, USA.

48. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, S. DynakoU, and A. L. Garner, “Transition of Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown Mechanisms from Microscale to Nanoscale,” 21st Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Student Workshop I, 09 April 2019, Destin, FL, USA.

47. A. LovelessG, A. DarrG, S. DynakoU, and A. Garner, “Unification of Gas Breakdown and Electron Emission,” American Physical Society March Meeting 2019, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 64, R18.00004 (2019).

46. A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Application of Variational Mechanics to the Child-Langmuir Law,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, Vol. 63, TO7.00009 (2018).

45. S. DynakoU, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Incorporating collisions and resistance into the transition from field emission to the space charge regime regime,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, Vol. 63, NO8.00006 (2018).

44. A. LovelessG and A. Garner, “Electron Emission and Gas Breakdown from Schrӧdinger’s Equation to Paschen’s Law,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, Vol. 63, NO8.00002 (2018).

43. [INVITED] A. L. Garner, A. M. LovelessG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, A. J. FairbanksG, S. D. DyankoU, S. GaoG, W. Wu, R. S. Bean, and G. Meng, “Gas Breakdown at Microscale and Smaller Gaps: Theoretical Unification of Mechanisms and Experimental Assessment of Surface Roughness,” iPlasmaNanoIX, New Buffalo, MI, 27 August 2018.

42. S. D. DynakoU, A. M. DarrG, and A. L. Garner, “Incorporating collisions and resistance into the transition from field emission to the space charge regime,” The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium, 02 August 2018, West Lafayette, IN USA, p.89.

41. L. XuG, Y. W. BaoG, C. M. ZhangG, H. HouG, X. YepezG, B. Farkas, K. M. Keener, A. L. Garner, and B. Tao, “Physiochemical, Structural Characteristic and Modification Mechanism of High Voltage Atmospheric cold Plasma on Bovine Serum Albumin,” 2018 Institute of Food Technologists Conference, 15 July 2018, Chicago, IL USA. [2nd Place Best Oral Presentation]

40. M. L. MulliganU, C. H. GeisslerU, S. RayG, Z. E. ZmolaU, J. A. Morgan, and A. L. Garner, “Application of Nanosecond and Microsecond Pulsed Electric Fields for Increased Lipid Recovery from Microalga Chlorella Protothecoides,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, O8C-2, 28 June 2018, Denver, CO USA.

39. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, S. D. DyankoU, and A. L. Garner, “Transition from Microscale to Nanoscale Breakdown Dynamics,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, O3A-2, 26 June 2018, Denver, CO USA.

38. T. ParupudiG, A. L. Garner, and R. Sundararajan, “Electrical Impedance Measurement as Biomarker for Brain Tumors,” Proc. 2018 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Oral G5, 19 June 2018, Boston, MA (2018).

37. [INVITED] A. Frelinger, A. Garner, A. Torres, S. Klopman, A. Caiafa, A. Michelson, and V. B. Neculaes, “Pilot Study of Ex Vivo Platelet Activation using Variable Added Calcium and Electric Pulse Parameters: Growth Factor Release and Clotting Features,” 04 June 2018, Jackson Lake Lodge, WY, USA, Oral 2O-3,4 (2018).

36. C. GeisslerU, M. MulliganU, S. RayG, Z. ZmolaU, J. Morgan, and A. Garner, “Nanosecond and Microsecond Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Microalga Chlorella Protothecoides for Increased Lipid Extraction,” 04 June 2018, Jackson Lake Lodge, WY, USA, Oral 2O-2 (2018).

35. A. FairbanksG, A. DarrG, A. VadlamaniG, R. Brayfield IIG, and A. Garner, “Real-time Conductivity Measurements of Mammalian Cell Suspension during Nanosecond Electric Pulse Trains,” 2018 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 04 June 2018, Jackson Lake Lodge, WY, USA, Oral 2O-1 (2018).

34. A. L. Garner, R. S. Brayfield II, A. J. Fairbanks, A. M. Loveless, S. Gao, R. S. Bean, Y. Xuan, and W. Wu, “Microscale Gas Breakdown and Implications to Electron Emission,” 20th Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, High Power Microwave (HPM) Technologies, 01 March 2018, Oxnard, CA, USA.

33. A. M. Loveless, A. M. Darr, S. D. Dynako, and A. L. Garner, “Gas Breakdown Dynamics: From Microscale to Nanoscale,” 20th Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Education Workshop I, 27 February 2018, Oxnard, CA, USA.

32. [STUDENT EXCELLENCE AWARD FINALIST] A. Loveless, A. Darr, and A. Garner, “Gas Breakdown: Across Length Scales and Frequency,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. Vol. 62, No. 10, ET2.00002 (2017).

31. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “AC Gas Breakdown Scaling Laws,” 2017 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 632-635 (2017).

30. A. J. Fairbanks, A. M. Darr, A. Vadlamani, and A. L. Garner, “Measurement of Electric Pulse Modification of Cell Suspension Conductivity during Treatment,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral TU 1.5-4, 25 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

29. [STUDENT BEST PAPER COMPETITION] A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Universal Gas Breakdown Theory from Microscale to the Classical Paschen Law,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Student Award Competition, 23 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

28. R. S. Brayfield II, A. J. Fairbanks, and A. L. Garner, “Plasma Species Variation as a Function of Voltage for High Voltage Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas in Sealed Bags,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral TU 2.5-2, 23 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

27. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Universal Gas Breakdown Theory from Microscale to the Classical Paschen Law,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral MO 1.1-3, 22 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

26. A. Loveless, and A. Garner, “Generalizing Microdischarge Breakdown Scaling Laws for Pressure and Gas,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. Vol. 61, No. 18, TO7.00010 (2016).

25. M. V. Lauria, R. S. Brayfield II, R. G. Johnson, and A. L. Garner, “Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas for Food Applications,” The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium, 04 August 2016, West Lafayette, IN, AO-17, no. 11 (2016).

24. A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, A. Dhanabal, and A. L. Garner, “Electric Pulse Manipulation of Cancer Cell Population Dynamics,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 123 (2016).

23. [INVITED] J. Castle, A. Garner, R. Smith, B. Davis, S. Klopman, A. Torres, V. Robinson, and V. B. Neculaes, “Impact of Platelet Activation Electric Stimulation Protocols on Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 121 (2016).

22. [INVITED] A. Garner, A. M. Darr, A. D. Michelson, A. Frelinger III, A. J. Gerrits, A. Caiafa, C. A. Morton, V. Robinson, M. A. Berny-Lang, S. L. Carmichael, and V. B. Necuales, “Physical and Biological Implications of Capacitive Coupling for Electric Pulse Treatments,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 119 (2016).

21. [STUDENT BEST PAPER COMPETITION] A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Generalization of Scaling Laws for Gas Breakdown to Account for Pressure,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Poster 1P-3, 21 June 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada. [1st Place Best Student Paper]

20. [INVITED] A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Matched Asymptotic Analysis of Atmospheric Pressure Gas Breakdown from Nanoscale to Microscale,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral 3A-5, 21 June 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

19. R. S. Brayfield II, A. Jassem, M. Lauria, A. J. Fairbanks, A. L. Garner, and K. M. Keener, “Optical Emission Spectroscopy of High Voltage, Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral 3E-2, 21 June 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

18. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Predicting breakdown voltage for microscale and nanoscale gaps as a function of pressure,” Proc. 2016 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Oral R1, 16 June 2016, West Lafayette, IN. [1st Place Best Student Paper]

17. [INVITED] A. L. Garner, V. B. Neculaes, M. Deminsky, A. S. Torres, V. Robinson, A. Valdlamani, J. J. Maciejewski, T. Whitmer, A. J. Fairbanks, S. K. Wyatt, A. L. Brewster, R. Sundararajan, and B. Potapkin, “Electric Pulse Manipulation of Biological Cells: From Theory to Applications,” 60th Annual Health Physics Society Conference, 14 July 2015, Indianapolis, IN, TAM-G – Special Session: Non-Ionizing Radiation, TAM-G.3.

16. A. L. Garner, J. J. Maciejewski, A. S. Torres, A. Caiafa, and V. B. Neculaes, “Implications of pulser design and pulse parameters on platelet activation,” 2015 IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, 02 June 2015, Austin, TX.

15. A. L. Garner, R. S. Bean, G. McCullough, Sr., and A. M. Loveless, “Proposal for a Nuclear Reactor Operations Course at Purdue University,” Conference on Nuclear Training and Education (CONTE), 03 February 2015, Jacksonville, FL, pp. 90-91.

14. V. Robinson, A. L. Garner, and V. B. Neculaes, “Electric pulse induced membrane voltage with capacitive coupling,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, 16 October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 58.

13. A. L. Garner, M. Deminsky, V. B. Neculaes, and B. Potapkin, “Calculations of plasma membrane temperature gradients due to electric fields,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, 16 October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 57.

12. V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, A. Caiafa, and A. Torres, “Ex-vivo platelet activation using electric pulses of extended duration,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, 14 October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 1.

11. A. M. Loveless, A. L. Garner, R. D. Bean, and N. Satvat, “Optimizing neutron yield for active interrogation,” The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium, 07 August 2014, West Lafayette, IN, no. 116 (2014).

10. N. Upole, R. Bean, and A. Garner, “Energy deposition in a graphene field effect transistor based radiation detector,” The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium, 07 August 2014, West Lafayette, IN, no. 49 (2014).

9. A. L. Garner, M. Deminsky, V. B. Neculaes, and B. Potapkin, “Impact of electric pulse shape on cell membrane temperature gradients,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 02 June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 79 (2014).

8. [INVITED] A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, and S. Klopman, “All solid-state, modular pulsed power topology for biomedical applications,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 02 June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 78 (2014).

7. [INVITED-PLENARY] A. L. Garner, “Bioelectrics: Biomedical applications of fusion related technologies,” 2014 North American Young Generation in Nuclear Annual Workshop and Conference, 19 May 2014, Phoenix, AZ.

6. [INVITED] A. L. Garner, M. Deminsky, V. B. Neculaes, and B. Potapkin, “AC Field-induced Cell Membrane Temperature Gradients,” 2014 SPIE Photonics West, BiOS Conference 8941B: Terahertz and Ultrashort Electromagnetic Pulses for Biomedical Applications, 02 Feb 2014, San Francisco, CA, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 8941, p. 123 (2014).

5. A. L. Garner, H. Y. Chan, D. Mangla, A. Holtz, M. D. Uhler, R. M. Gilgenbach, and Y. Y. Lau, “Electrical Pulse Induced Changes in Cell Population Dynamics,” 2006 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, p. 356 (2006).

4. A. L. Garner, G. Chen, N. Chen, V. Sridhara, J. F. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Changes in the Dielectric Properties of Jurkat and HL-60 Cells after Electrical Pulses,” Electromed 2005, May 2005, Portland, Oregon, pp. 28-32.

3. D. W. Jordan, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. D. Uhler, A. L. Garner, and Y. Y. Lau, “Ultrawideband Irradiation Effects on Chemotherapy of Jurkat Cells,” Electromed 2005, May 2005, Portland, Oregon.

2. A. L. Garner, N. Chen, J. F. Kolb, K. C. Loftin, R. J. Swanson, S. J. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Effects of Electrical Pulses on the Dielectric Properties of Biological Cells,” Electromed 2003, June 2003, San Antonio, TX.

1. A. L. Garner, Y. Y. Lau, and D. P. Chernin, "Disruption of electron flows in a crossed-field gap by a slight misalignment in the magnetic field," Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 42, No. 10, p. 1846 (1997).

Poster Abstracts

116. A. G. SinelliG, A. M. Darr, J. K. WrightG, and A. L. Garner, “Simple Models of Space-Charge-Limited Current Density in Realistic Geometries,” 2026 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, MP16, 22 June 2026.

115. A. G. SinelliG, N. R. S. Harsha, and A. L. Garner, “A Lagrangian Formulation of Collisional Space-Charge-Limited Current,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 18NOV2025, Session GP13, Poster #41.

114. S. HossainG, A. LeClairU, S. WyssG, A. M. KomrskaG, A. L Garner, “Simulations of Collisional Space-Charge Limited Current: From Semiconductors toward Vacuum,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 19NOV2025, Session NP13, Poster #14.

113. C. D. Gaston IIG and A. L Garner, “Simulations of the Pressure Dependence of the Space-Charge Limited Electric Potential,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP), 19NOV2025, Session NP13, Poster #27.

112. M. D. Johnston, E. VarkekarG, A. M. Darr, T. J. Renk, I. Owens, T. C Grabowski, and A. L. Garner, “BERTHA Circuit Model of the HERMES III Induction Voltage Adder and Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line,” 20NOV2025, Session UP13, Poster #141.

111. T. L. PriceG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Analysis of novel materials for nonlinear transmission line applications,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 30 May 2024.

110. J. K. WrightG, X. ZhuG, and A. L. Garner, “Limiting current in a two-dimensional crossed-field gap with bipolar flow,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 30 May 2024.

109. A. M. KomrskaG, L. I. BreenG, and A. L. Garner, “Molecular dynamics simulations to assess the transition between field emission and space-charge-limited current with collisions,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 30 May 2024.

108. S. HossainG, C. BuerkeG, T. Miller, S. Chatzidakis, and A. Garner, “Electron emission in neutron-irradiated Schottky diodes,” 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 29 May 2024.

107. J. K. WrightG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge limited current for nonplanar crossed-field diodes,” 2024 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P1.15, 25 April 2024,

106. H. WangG, V. Ayyaswamy, A. Loveless, and A. Garner, “Determination of Ionization Frequency in Microwave Discharges at Microgaps,” 76th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, Session IW5: Poster Session II, Ann Arbor, MI, 11OCT2023.

105. N.R. Sree HarshaG, J. Watrous, and A. L. Garner, “Space-charge-limited current in finite concentric cylindrical diodes,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, P.2.42, 23MAY2023.

104. N. K. MankerG, M. Pearlman, J. Watrous, C. Roark, D. Smithe, A. L. Garner, M. Worthington, and J. Browning, “Secondary Electron Emission Study In L-4953 Crossed-Field Amplifier,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, P.2.30, 23MAY2023.

103. M. Pearlman, J. Watrous, D. Smithe, A. Yue, A. L. Garner, M. Worthington, and J. Browning, “A Simulation Study of the Gain Limits of a Crossed-Field Amplifier,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, P-2.29, 23MAY2023.

102. J. Watrous, M. Pearlman, J. Browning, and A. Garner, “Benchmark Calculations of a Well-Characterized Cross-Field Amplifier using ICEPIC,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, P-2.28, 23MAY2023.

101. S. MahajanG, A. M. LovelessPD, A. Semnani, V. Ayyaswamy, A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Analysis of Microwave Breakdown for Microscale Gaps,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, P-2.26, 23MAY2023.

100. A. LovelessPD, A. K. Mannodi-Kanakkithodi, T. D. CrawfordG, S. Sengupta, and A. L. Garner, 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, P-1.53, 22MAY2023.

99. A. M. KomrskaU, L. I. BreenG, A. M. LovelessPD, K. L. Cartwright, A. L. Garner, “Theoretical Analysis of Electron Trajectories in a Collisional Crossed-Field Gap,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, Basic Phenomena, P-1.8, 22MAY2023.

98. J. K. WrightG, N. R. S. HarshaG, and A. L. Garner “Techniques for Determining Space-Charge Limited Current for Nonplanar Crossed-Field Diodes,” 50th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, Basic Phenomena, P-1.2, 22MAY2023.

96. S. J. WyssU, A. M. LovelessP, W. Milestone, R. P. Joshi, and A. L. Garner, “Modeling plasma membrane pore dynamics during exposure to electric pulses delivered by a mismatched Blumlein transmission line,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, IPMHVC2-23, 21J June 2022.

95. E. F. DowningG, R. R. RamosG, A. M. LovelessP, H. A. Ryan, K. M. Virgilio, and A. L. Garner, “Calculations of pulsed magnetic field interactions with neurons using Sim4Life,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, IPMHVC2-22, 21 June 2022.

94. A. M. Komrska, A. M. DarrG, H. YuU, L. I. BreenG, A. M. LovelessP, K. L. Cartwright, and A. L. Garner, “Variation of the Hull cutoff magnetic field with external resistance and collisions,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, IPMHVC1-26, 20 June 2022.

93. A. M. DarrG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Density functional theory calculations of modified work functions for composite materials,” 2022 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference (IPMHVC), Knoxville, TN, IPMHVC1-23, 20 June 2022.

92. M. Pearlman, J. Watrous, C. Roark, D. Smithe, A. L. Garner, M. Worthington, and J. Browning, “Characterization of Stellant Systems L-4953 crossed-field amplifier via simulation,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, PO 2.06, PO 2.0 -2.0, 25 May 2022.

91. A. M. KomrskaU, L. I. BreenG, H. YuU, A. M. DarrG, A. M. LovelessP, K. L. Cartwright, and A. L. Garner, “Assessing magnetic insulation in a crossed-field gap,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, PO 2.05, PO 2.0 -2.0, 25 May 2022.

90. N. R. Sree HarshaG, M. Pearlman, J. Browning, and A. L. Garner, “Dependence of space-charge-limited current density on electrode thickness,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, PO 1.11, PO 1.01 -1.0, 25 May 2022.

89. J. C. WelchU, H. WangG, A. Venkattraman, S. MahajanG, A. M. LovelessP, A. Semnani, and A. L. Garner, “Calculation of ionization coefficient for microscale gas breakdown in AC fields,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, PO 1.10, PO 1.01 -1.0, 25 May 2022.

88. X. ZhuG, A. M. DarrG, J. W. Luginsland, and A. L. Garner, “Stability of electron cycloid in a crossed field gap under the effect of secondary emission,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Seattle, WA, PO 1.09, PO 1.01 -1.0, 25 May 2022.

87. J. MarquardtG, S. Chatzidakis, A. L. Garner, and J. R. Prager “Accelerating Exploration in Plasma and Radiation Physics using Bayesian Optimization,” American Physical Society March Meeting, T00.00335, Session T00, Poster Session III, 17 March 2022.

86. J. HalpernU, A. DarrG, N. R. Sree HarshaG, and A. Garner, “Space charge limited current for a nonzero injection velocity in multiple geometries,” 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, JP11.00150, Virtual 9 November 2021.

85. S. MahajanG, A. LovelessP, A. Semnani, and A. Garner, “Theoretical analysis of microwave breakdown for microscale gaps,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5P-C-03, Poster Session 5P-C, 14 September 2021.

84. M. PearlmanP, J. Browning, J. Luginsland, P. Stoltz, A. Garner, and M. Worthington, “Simulation of L3-Harris L-4953 crossed-field amplifier,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 5P-C-02, Poster Session 5P-C, 14 September 2021.

83. S ShickU, A. LovelessP, S. Chatzidakis, J. Prager, and A. Garner, “Machine learning for plasma sterilization optimization,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 4P-D-08, Poster Session 4P-D, 13 September 2021.

82. R. BhattacharyaP, J. McClarin, A. Yue, R. Bhattacharjee, I. Wolstenholme, M. Cannon, G. Herrera, L. Gaffney, A. DarrG, N. Karaulac, G. Rughoobur, W. Chern, A. Garner, A. I. Akinwande, and J. Browning, IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 4P-B-04, Poster Session 4P-B, 13 September 2021.

81. R. BhattacharyaP, A. DarrG, A. Garner, and J. Browning, “Perturbations in cross field devices,” IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, TA2-S3-007, Poster Session 1, 06 December 2020.

80. H. WangG, A. LovelessP, and A. Garner, “Deriving Scaling Laws for Transition from Avalanche to Streamer Discharge,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, JP14.00004, 11 November 2020.

79. J. HalpernU, A. DarrG, and A. Garner, “Coordinate System Invariant Space Charge Limited Current for General Initial Velocity,” 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, JP13.00098, 10 November 2020.

78. N. R. Sree HarshaG and A. L. Garner, “Analytical Solution for Space Charge Limited Current Emission from a Sharp Tip Using Variational Methods,” IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P8.22, 22 October 2020.

77. X. ZhuG, A. J. FairbanksG, T. D. CrawfordG, and A. L. Garner, “Predicting Effective Dielectric Properties of Composites for Nonlinear Transmission Lines Using Effective Medium Theories and CST Microwave Studios,” IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P5.2, 22 October 2020.

76. T. D. CrawfordG, A. J. FairbanksG, X. ZhuG, J. A. HernandezG, T. N. Tallman, and A. L. Garner, “Development of Composites for Nonlinear Transmission Lines,” IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, P5.1, 22 October 2020.

75. C. DarrU, A. DarrG, S. LangG, and A. Garner, “Transitions between Thermionic, Field, and Vacuum Space Charge Limited Emission,” American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Vol. 64, NP10.00009 (2019).

74. A. M. LovelessG, A. M. DarrG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, J. R. MalayterU, S. A. LangG, and A. L. Garner, “The Implications of Nanoscale Features for Microscale and Smaller Gaps on Electron Emission,” Joint Meeting of the 32nd International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) and 12th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC), Cincinnati, OH, 18.1, 24 July 2019.

73. V. Neculaes, B. Bales, A. Garner, E. Loghin, and J. B. Mathieu, “Magnetic Field Effects on Efficiency of Non-viral Gene Delivery using Magnetic Nanoparticles,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3P53, 26 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

72. N. IsnerG and A. Garner, “Modeling Plasma Species Formation for High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasmas,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3P52, 26 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

71. A. DarrG and A. Garner, “Cell Geometry-Invariant Calculation of Plasma Membrane Potential Due to Electric Pulses using Variational Calculus,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3P50, 26 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

70. A. DhanabalG, T. DrouillardU, R. KileU, P. Melnik, K. Miller, J. Prager, T. Ziemba, and A. Garner, “Lorentz Force Eddy Currents for Nondestructive Testing,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 3P46, 26 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

69. R. BrayfieldG, A. FairbanksG, A. LovelessG, W. LiG, C. DarrU, and A. Garner, “Submicroscale Gas Breakdown as a Function of Cathode Protrusion,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P21, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

68. N. IsnerG, T. PiskinG, J. Poggie, T. Sizyuk, C. Scalo, and A. Garner, “Modeling Electrode Configurations for Nanosecond Pulsed Plasmas,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P16, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

67. S. LangU, A. Garner, and A. DarrG, “Unification of Thermionic, Field, and Space Charge Limited Emission,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P10, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL USA.

66. S. LangU and A. Garner, “Electron emission in liquids,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P09, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL, USA.

65. A. LovelessG, K. TorfasonP, A. Valfells, and A. Garner, “Investigation of Electron Emission using Molecular Dynamics Simulations,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P05, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL, USA.

64. A. LovelessG, Z. Vander MissenG, A. Semnani, and A. Garner, “RF Gas Breakdown Theory and Experiment as a Funciton of Gas, Gap Size, Frequency, and Pressure,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P04, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL, USA.

63. J. MalayterU, R. BrayfieldG, A. LovelessG, and A. Garner, “Implications of surface roughness on microscale gas breakdown theory,” IEEE Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, 1P02, 24 June 2019, Orlando, FL, USA.

62. A. J. FairbanksG, X. ZhuG, J. A. HernandezG, T. N. Tallman, A. L. Garner, “Composite Material Development for Nonlinear Transmission Lines,” 21st Annual Directed Energy Science & Technology Symposium, Open and Limited Poster Session, 09 April 2019, Destin, FL, USA.

61. J. FirehammerU and A. Garner, “Assessing tumor treatment modalities using an allometric model,” American Physics Society March Meeting 2019, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. Vol. 64, L70.00352 (2019).

60. N. IsnerG, P. GuptaG, T. Sizyuk, C. Scalo, and A. Garner, “Modelling of Electrode Configurations for Nanosecond Pulsed Plasmas,” 71st Gaseous Electronics Conference, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. Vol. 63, No. 10, GT1.00033 (2018).

59. L. XuG, Y. BaoG, C. ZhangG, X. YepezG, B. Farkas, A. L. Garner, K. Keener, and B. Tao, “High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma Modification of Bovine Serum Albumin,” 2018 Institute of Food Technologists Conference, 17 July 2018, Chicago, IL USA.

58. A. L. Garner, A. M. LovelessG, Z. Vander MissenG, and A. Semnani, “AC Gas Breakdown: From Simple Scaling Laws to Experiments,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, P2A-1346-12, 27 June 2018, Denver, CO USA.

57. N. D. IsnerG, P. GuptaG, T. Sizyuk, C. Scalo, and A. L. Garner, “Modelling Novel Electrode Configurations for Nanosecond Pulsed Plasmas: A First Study,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, P2A-1346-2, 27 June 2018, Denver, CO USA.

56. A. L. Garner, A. M. DarrG, and A. M. LovelessG, “Incorporating Collisions into the Transition from Field Emission to Space Charge Limited Flow,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, P2A-1346-1, 27 June 2018, Denver, CO USA.

55. A. DarrG and A. Garner, “Variational Methods Applied to Crossed Field Devices,” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, P1A-257-4, 25 June 2018, Denver, CO USA.

54. A. VadlamaniG, A. DhanabalG, and A. Garner, “Electric Pulse Modification of Cancer Cell Population Dynamics,” 06 June 2018, Jackson Lake Lodge, WY, USA, Poster 3P56 (2018).

53. L. MittalG, V. Raman, I. Camarillo, A. Garner, A. FairbanksG, G. DunnG, and R. Sundararajan, “Nanosecond Electric Pulses for Anti-Cancer Treatment,” 06 June 2018, Jackson Lake Lodge, WY, USA, Poster 3P18 (2018).

52. R. Brayfield IIG, A. FairbanksG, A. LovelessG, S. GaoG, R. Bean, Y. Xuan, W. Wu, and A. Garner, “The Impact of Electrode Surface Roughness on Field Emission Driven Breakdown for Microscale Gaps,” 04 June 2018, Jackson Lake Lodge, WY, USA, Poster 1P02 (2018).

51. C. H. GeisslerU, M. L. MulliganU, S. Ray, Z. E. Zmola, J. A. Morgan, A. L. Garner, “Pulsed Electric Field Treatment of Microalgae for Enhanced Lipid Extraction,” Purdue Undergraduate Research Symposium, 10 April 2018, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

50. A. M. DarrU and A. L. Garner, “Variational Method of Solving the Crossed-Field Problem,” Purdue Undergraduate Research Symposium, 10 April 2018, West Lafayette, IN, USA. [Thematic Categories' Top Abstract award for "Mathematics and Computational Sciences”]

49. L. MittalG, V. Raman, I. G. Camarillo, A. L. Garner, A. J. FairbanksG, G. A. DunnG, and R. Sundararajan, “Synergy of Micro and Nanosecond Electrical Pulses with Chemotherapeutics on Human Cancer Cell Viability,” 2017 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 596-599 (2017).

48. R. R. JagannathG, R. S. Brayfield IIG, S. P. M. Bane, and A. L. Garner, “Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges,” The Symposium on Applied Spectroscopy and Photonics 2017, 16 September 2017, West Lafayette, IN USA.

47. L. Xu, V. Borja, A. L. Garner, B. Tao, B. Applegate and K. Keener, "Microbial Inactivation and Diffusion Mechanism in Semi-solid Foods Treated with High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma," 2017 Institute of Food Technologists Conference, ePoster, 28 June 2017, Las Vegas, NV USA

46. C. Meert, N. Allen, A. L. Garner, and J. N. Brooks, “Modelling Synergistic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Pulsed Electric Field Treatments in Pore Formation,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral TU Posters-47, 23 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

45. M. V. Lauria, P. Dieffenbach, A. Vadlamani, J. Firehammer, A. Shashurin, and A. L. Garner, “Synergistic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Electric Pulses on Jurkat Cells,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral TU Posters-46, 23 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

44. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Quantum Scale Breakdown,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral MO Posters-2, 22 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

43. A. M. Darr, A. M. Loveless, and A. L. Garner, “Quantum Scale Breakdown,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Oral MO Posters-1, 22 May 2017, Atlantic City, NJ USA.

42. L. Xu, N. Mahot, A. Garner, B. Tao, and K. Keener, "The Effect of High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma on the Microbial, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Orange Juice," 2016 Institute of Food Technologists Conference, Poster 102, 17 July 2016, Chicago, IL USA. [2nd Place Poster Competition]

41. A. L. Garner, R. S. Brayfield II, A. J. Fairbanks, K. P. Newman, S. M. Sanders, R. Jagannath, B. Singh, B.-S. Chen, and S. P. M. Bane, “Electric Pulse Parameter and Electrode Geometry Impact on Plasma Formation,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 259 (2016).

40. M. Mulligan, S. Das, A. Fairbanks, L. A. Sherman, A. Garner, A. Shay, and J. Myers, “Electric Pulse Parameter Exploration for Lipid Extraction from Microalgae,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 173 (2016).

39. A. Vadlamani, S. Kuang, A. L. Garner, Y. Nie+, A. Dhanabal, and T. P. Gavin, “Electric Pulse Manipulation of Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 163 (2016).

38. A. Fairbanks, A. Darr, A. Vadlamani, and A. Garner, “Electric Pulse Modification of Mammalian Cell Suspension Conductivity,” 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, 07 July 2016, San Francisco, CA, p. 162 (2016).

37. R. S. Brayfield II, S. M. Sanders, A. Jassem, M. Lauria, A. L. Garner, and K. M Keener, “Optical Absorption Spectroscopy of High Voltage, Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Poster 3P-68, 22 June 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

36. L. Xu, S. M. Sanders, B. Tao, K. M. Keener, and A. L. Garner, “Assessment of Efficacy and Reactive Gas Species Generation for Orange Juice Decontamination using High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Poster 3P-69, 22 June 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

35. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Generalization of Scaling Laws for Gas Breakdown to Account for Pressure,” 2016 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences, Poster 1P-3, 20 June 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

34. A. Vadlamani, J. Zhuang, J. F. Kolb, and A. L. Garner, “Biological Cell Dielectric Property Variation with Temperature,” Proc. 2016 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Poster G20, 14 June 2016, West Lafayette, IN. [2nd Place Best Student Paper]

33. A. M. Loveless and A. L. Garner, “Calculating Field Enhancement Factor using the Boundary Element Method,” Proc. 2016 Electrostatics Joint Conference, Poster G3, 14 June 2016, West Lafayette, IN.

32. A. Loveless, A. Garner, and A. Valfells, “Unifying Paschen Curve Conditions across Pressure and Gap Distance,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. Vol. 60, No. 19, JP12.00141 (2015).

31. A. L. Garner, J. J. Maciejewski, A. Vadlamani, and R. J. Byer, “Electric Pulse Shape Impact on Biological Effects: A Modeling Study,” in 2015 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, October 2015, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 632-635 (2015).

30. A. J. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond Electric Pulse Induced Changes in Cell Suspension Conductivity,” in 2015 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, October 2015, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 628-631 (2015).

29. V. Raman, I. Camarillo, A. Garner, P. Diwakar, S. Madhivanan, M. Raakesh, and R. Sundararajan, “Irreversible Electroporation of Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells,” in 2015 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, October 2015, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 624-627 (2015).

28. A. Jassem, M. Lauria, R. S. Brayfield II, K. M. Keener, and A. L. Garner, “Optical emission spectroscopy diagnostics of high voltage cold atmospheric plasmas for food sterilization,” The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium, 06 August 2015, West Lafayette, IN, no. 1431 (2014).

27. R. Brayfield, H. M. Aktulga, A. Y. Grama, and A. Garner, “Molecular dynamics simulation of plasma reactive species with lipid bilayers,” BioEM 2015, 16 June 2015, Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA, 17 June 2015, p. 91 (2015). [2nd Place Best Student Paper]

26. A. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, R. Sundararajan, and A. Garner, “Cell suspension electrical measurements in real time,” BioEM 2015, 16 June 2015, Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, CA, 16 June 2015, p.64 (2015).

25. A. J. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Electrical conductivity changes in cell suspensions during electric pulses,” 2015 IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, 01 June 2015, Austin, TX (2015).

24. A. L. Garner, S. P. M. Bane, A. J. Fairbanks, B. –S. Chen, R. S. Brayfield II, “Using electrode geometry and electric pulse parameters to control atmospheric pressure plasma formation,” 2015 IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, 01 June 2015, Austin, TX (2015).

23. S. Sommakia+, A. Baijnath, K. Raun, A. J. Fairbanks, K. Otto, and A. L. Garner, “Pulsed electric field interactions with primary mixed cortical cultures,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 31 (2014).

22. T. Whitmer, A. Vadlamani, P. Bardos, and A. L. Garner, “Electric pulse induced changes in cell population dynamics,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 29 (2014).

21. A. J. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Cell suspension conductivity variation during electric pulses,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 28 (2014).

20. A. Vadlamani, J. Zhuang+, A. J. Fairbanks, G. Dunn, J. F. Kolb, and A. L. Garner, “Temperature dependence of the electrical properties of biological cells,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 27 (2014).

19. R. S. Brayfield II, H. M. Aktulga, A. Y. Grama, and A. L. Garner, “Molecular dynamics simulations for assessing plasma reactive species interactions with lipid bilayers,” 11th International Bioelectrics Symposium, October 2014, Columbia, MO, p. 25 (2014).

18. T. Whitmer, A. Vadlamani, P. Bardos, and A. L. Garner, “Modification of Cell Population Dynamics by Pulsed Electric Fields,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 115 (2014).

17. S. K. Wyatt, S. Sommakia+, K. J. Otto, A. Vadlamani, and A. L. Garner, “Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Interactions with Microglia and Astrocytes Microglia and Astrocytes,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 114 (2014).

16. A. Vadlamani, S. Xiao, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Implications of Microscope Pulser Electrode Design on Pulsed Electric Field Effects on Cells,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 113 (2014).

15. A. Vadlamani, J. Zhuang, T. Whitmer, J. F. Kolb, and A. L. Garner, “Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Properties of Biological Cells,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 112 (2014).

14. A. J. Fairbanks, A. Vadlamani, T. Whitmer, and A. L. Garner, “Real time Measurements of Cell Suspension Conductivity Changes Due to Pulsed Electric Fields,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 111 (2014).

13. A. L. Garner and K. B. Lewis, “Nondimensionalization of Railgun Physics Using Buckingham Pi,” 2014 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference, June 2014, Santa Fe, NM, p. 49 (2014).

12. R. S. Brayfield II, P. Oroskar, K. Hinkle, S. Murad, A. Y. Grama, and A. L. Garner, “Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Interactions with Lipid Bilayers,” 2014 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences/BEAMS, May 2014, Washington, DC.

11. A. Vadlamani, A. J. Fairbanks, S. P. M. Bane, and A. L. Garner, “Variable High Voltage, High Frequency Nanosecond Pulser for Plasma Combustion,” 2014 IEEE International Plasma Sciences/BEAMS Conference, May 2014, Washington, DC.

10. A. Garner, B. Davis, F. Tao, A. Dulgar-Tulloch, C. Young, and B. McIlroy, “Nuclear Delivery of Macromolecules Using Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields,” 2008 IEEE Power Modulator Conference, May 2008, Las Vegas, NV.

9. A. L. Garner, D. W. Jordan, W. Tang, Y. Y. Lau, R. M. Gilgenbach, and M. D. Uhler, “Ohmic Heating of Electrically Pulsed Biological Cells in Suspension,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 50, 248 (2005).

8. A. L. Garner, D. W. Jordan, Y. Y. Lau, M. D. Uhler, and R. M. Gilgenbach, “Analysis and Application of a Cell Population Model for Electrically Pulsed Cells,” Electromed 2005, May 2005, Portland, Oregon.

7. A. L. Garner, J. Yang, N. Chen, J. Kolb, K. C. Loftin, R. J. Swanson, S. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Altering Dielectric Properties of Human Cancer Cells by Varying Electrical Pulse Duration,” 2004 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, p. 195 (2004).

6. D. W. Jordan, A. L. Garner, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. D. Uhler, L. Gates, and Y. Y. Lau. “Frequency Dependence of Electroporation of Mammalian Cells by Pulsed High Power Radiofrequency Radiation,” 2004 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, p. 194 (2004).

5. A. L. Garner, J. Yang, N. Chen, J. Kolb, K. C. Loftin, R. J. Swanson, S. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K.H. Schoenbach, “Electrical Pulse-Induced Changes in HL-60 Dielectric Properties,” Bioelectromagnetics Society Annual Meeting, June 2004, Washington, DC.

4. D. W. Jordan, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. D. Uhler, A. L. Garner, L. Gates, and Y. Y. Lau, “Membrane Effects of Pulsed High Power Radiofrequency Radiation in Mammalian Cells,” Bioelectromagnetics Society Annual Meeting, June 2004, Washington, DC.

3. A. L. Garner, J. Yang, N. Chen, J. Kolb, K.C. Loftin, R. J. Swanson, S. Beebe, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach, “Effects of Electrical Pulses on the Dielectric Properties of Biological Cells,” IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, October 2003, Albuquerque, NM.

2. A. L. Garner, Y. Y. Lau, and D. Chernin, “Electron flows in a low voltage gap exposed to an oblique external magnetic field,” 1997 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, p. 335 (1997).

1. A. L. Garner, P. J. Christenson, Y. Y. Lau, and D. P. Chernin, "A new one-dimensional resistive instability in a crossed-field gap," Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 41, 1607 (1996).

Issued Patents

20. W. P. Bullock, R. L. Egger, A. L. Garner, and A. DhanabalG, “Plant cell chromosome doubling by application of electromagnetic field,” US Patent 12,628,750B2 (issued May 19, 2026).

19. A. FairbanksG and A. L. Garner, “Electromagnetic Wave Generator Based on Nonlinear Composite Materials,” US Patent 12,534,594B2 (issued 27 January 2026).

18. A. L. Garner, R. A. VadlamaniG, and D. A. Detwiler, “Inactivating bacteria with electric pulses and antibiotics,” US Patent 12,251,439 (issued 18 March 2025).

17. V. B. Neculaes, A. S. Torres, B. D-L. Lee, and A. L. Garner, “Platelet activation and growth factor release using electric pulses,” US Patent 12,042,526 (issued 23 July 2024).

16. A. L. Garner, R. A. VadlamaniG, and D. A. Detwiler, “Inactivating bacteria with electric pulses and antibiotics,” US Patent 11,844,835 (issued 19 December 2023).

15. A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, and A. S. Torres, “Electric Pulse Generation Systems using Capacitive Coupling,” US Patent 11,525,768 (issued 13 December 2022).

14. V. B. Neculaes, A. S. Torres, B. D-L. Lee, and A. L. Garner, “Platelet activation and growth factor release using electric pulses,” US Patent 11,464,829 (issued 11 October 2022).

13. A. L. Garner, R. A. VadlamaniG, and D. A. Detwiler, “Inactivating bacteria with electric pulses and antibiotics,” US Patent 11,123,428 (issued 21 September 2021).

12. A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, and A. S. Torres, “Electric Pulse Generation Systems using Capacitive Coupling,” US Patent 10,421,956 (issued 24 September 2019).

11. V. B. Neculaes, A. S. Torres, A. Caiafa, B. D-L. Lee, and A. L. Garner, “Platelet Activation and Growth Factor Release using Electric Pulses,” US Patent 10,383,915 (issued 20 August 2019).

10. V. B. Neculaes, A. S. Torres, A. Caiafa, B. D-L. Lee, and A. L. Garner, “Platelet Activation and Growth Factor Release using Electric Pulses,” US Patent 10,369,200 (issued 06 August 2019).

9. A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, and A. S. Torres, “Electric Pulse Generation Systems using Capacitive Coupling,” US Patent 10,329.551 (issued 25 June 2019).

8. A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. L. Garner, and A. S. Torres, “Electric Pulse Generation Systems using Capacitive Coupling,” US Patent 9,708,597 (issued 18 July 2017).

7. V. B. Neculaes, A. S. Torres, A. Caiafa, B. D-L. Lee, and A. L. Garner, “Platelet Activation and Growth Factor Release using Electric Pulses,” US Patent 9,452,199 (issued 27 September 2016).

6. D. L. Simone, G. S. Balch, D. A. Gibson, III, H. J. Patchen, A. L. Garner, G. J. Parker, D. Q. Tan, and F. Johnson, "Methods and Compositions for Destructive Interference," “Methods and Compositions for Destructive Interference,” US Patent 9,356,357 (issued 31 May 2016).

5. D. L. Simone, G. S. Balch, D. A. Gibson, III, H. J. Patchen, A. L. Garner, D. Q. Tan, F. Johnson, and G. J. Parker, "Methods and Compositions for Energy Dissipation," US Patent 9,252,496 (issued 02 February 2016).

4. A. Caiafa, V. B. Neculaes, A. S. Torres, and A. L. Garner, "Modular Adjustable Pulse Generator," US Patent 9,238,808 B2 (issued 19 January 2016).

3. V. B. Neculaes, A. Caiafa, B. D-L Lee, N. E. LaPlante, A. S. Torres, and A. L. Garner, "Platelet Activation using Long Electric Field Pulses," US Patent 9,078,862, (issued 14 July 2015).

2. V. B. Neculaes, K. R. Conway, A. L. Garner, E. R. Loghin, S. Yazdanfar, D. V. Dylov, B. M. Davis, and C. Joo, "Optical Based Delivery of Exogenous Molecules to Cells,” U. S. Patent No. 8,778,682 (issued 15 July 2014).

1. B. A. Clothier, M. C. Nielsen, T. R. Tolliver, and A. L. Garner, "Radioisotope Power Source," U.S. Patent No. 8,294,023 (issued 23 October 2012).