The Peshawar Museum has the most important and largest collection of Gandhara Art in the world, consisting of 4247 pieces (936 on display and 3311 in stores), including antiquities of Buddhist stone sculptures and panels, architectural elements, stucco sculptures, terracotta figurines, relic caskets, toiletry objects. The selected collection is exhibited in the main hall, eastern and western galleries on the ground floor and western aisle on the first floor of the museum.

The subject matter of Gandhara Art in the main hall includes Buddha's pre-birth and life stories, miracles, worship of symbols, relic caskets and individual standing Buddha sculptures. The most represented of the pre-birth stories or jatakas inside the Peshawar Museum are Dipankara, Maitryakanyaka, Amara, Syama and Visvantara Jatakas. The Buddha life story in stone is beautifully carved with all details and the most represented scenes include Queen Maya's dream, interpretation of the dream, birth of Siddhartha, bath scene, seven steps, going to school, writing lessons, wrestling matches, palace life, marriage scene, renunciation, great departure, ascetic life, fasting, first meditation, demon attacks, attaining enlightenment, first sermon at Sarnath, conversion of Ksyapa, monks, death scene, cremation of Buddha, distribution and guarding of relics and the construction of stupas on the relics. The miracle of Sravasti and taming of a wild elephant are the two commonly represented miracles in Gandhara Art exhibited in the Peshawar Museum. Different types of the relic caskets, stupa models of schist and bronze, along with life size Buddha statues, skillfully carved and beautifully balanced masterpieces of Gandharan Art, decorate the main hall of the museum on the ground floor.

Magnificently decorated and superbly executed images of Boddhisattvas (future Buddhas), Panchika and Hariti (god and goddess of fertility), atlantes, ichthyocentaurs, cupids, garland bearers, Corinthian, Persipoliton, and Indo-Persipoliton pilasters, and decorative architectural fragments to - fill the eastern gallery of the museum.

Boddhisattva Siddharatha, Maithriya, Avalokethisvara, Vajrapani, Padmapani, and Manjusri are the most represented Boddhisattvas in the Peshawar Museum collection. Also, the influence of Greek, Roman and Persian Art on Gandhara, attracts the attention of the visitors.

Images of Buddha in stone, stucco Buddha and Boddhisattva heads, terracotta figurines, grotesque figures, seals, stamps, relic caskets, toiletry objects, carved animal figures, water flasks and Buddhist Bronze tools are exhibited in the western gallery , while inscriptions, mainly in Kharoshthi and Sarada scripts, are on display in the corridor of the western gallery.

In the eastern aisle of the main hall, hair dress styles in Gandharan Art, foreign influences, images of the Hindu gods and Devanagri inscriptions are exhibited. In the western aisle Gandharan ceramics and terracotta figurines are displayed