Students will vote on one of the many civic, social, and or historical topics, that were discussed in our lectures, to serve as a theme for their organized debates. They will assemble into groups of three and either defend or refute the theme as a collective unit. Each member will be assigned one of Plato's appeals of argument: Logos, Pathos, or Ethos, and will defend his views according to that appeal. Once the groups are paired into opposing teams, each group member will be pitted against an opposing group member representing his same appeal. Each speaker will present his arguments for a total of three minutes. The rubric and some students' preparatory notes are shown below.