What is a MOOC?
A MOOC is a "Massive Open Online Course" - it has a beginning and an end. Most MOOCs today are not fully open since all of the material is copyrighted and may not be used by anyone other than the university and the provider. MOOCs today close at the end of the course and are not openly available outside of the actual course.
When and why did they develop?
Uses of MOOCs Outside of Subject-Based Higher Education
2014: The Year of the Corporate MOOC
Online Corporate Learning is one of Inc.'s 5 Top Trends in Education Technology in 2015
MOOCs: From Academia to Corporate (Whitepaper)
When Will Professional Associations Start to Take MOOCs Seriously
Benefits of MOOCs for Professional Development