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TOPICS (_2025)
2009_2016 Syllabus
TOPIC 1: Systems & Synergy
TOPIC 1 Assignments
TOPIC 2: Ecosystems
2.1 Structure*
2.2 Measuring Physical Components of the System*
2.3 Measuring Biotic Components of the System*
2.4 Biomes*
2.5 Function
2.6 Changes*
2.7 Measuring Changes in the System*
TOPIC 2 Assignments
TOPIC 2 Online Resources
TOPIC 3: Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, & Resources
3.1 Population Dynamics
3.2 Resources - Natural Capital
3.3 Energy Resources*
3.4 The Soil System*
3.5 Food Resources
3.5 Food Resources*
3.6 Water Resources*
3.7 Limits to Growth
3.8 Environmental Demands of Human Populations*
Econ-ESS Project
TOPIC 3 Assignments
TOPIC 3 Online Resources
TOPIC 4: Conservation & Biodiversity
4.1 Biodiversity in Ecosystems
4.2 Evaluating Biodiversity & Vulnerability*
4.3 Conservation of Biodiversity*
TOPIC 4 Assignments
TOPIC 4 Online Resources
TOPIC 5: Pollution Management
5.1 Nature of Pollution
5.2 Detection & Monitoring of Pollution
5.3 Approaches to Pollution Management
5.4 Eutrophication
5.5 Solid Domestic Waste
5.6 Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone
5.7 Urban Air Pollution
5.8 Acid Deposition
TOPIC 5 Assignments
TOPIC 5 Online Resources
TOPIC 6: The Issue of Global Warming
China GHG Debate
TOPIC 6 Assignments
TOPIC 6 Online Resources
TOPIC 7: Environmental Value Systems
TOPIC 7 Assignments
TOPIC 7 Online Resources
TOPIC 1: Foundations
1.1 Environmental Value Systems
1.2 Systems & Models
1.3 Energy & Equilibria
1.4 Sustainability
1.5 Humans & Pollution
TOPIC 2: Ecology
2.1 Species & Populations
2.2 Communities & Ecosystems
2.3 Flows of Energy & Matter
2.4 Biomes, Zonation, & Succession
2.5 Investigating Ecosystems
TOPIC 3: Biodiversity
3.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
3.2 Origin of Biodiversity
3.3 Threats to Biodiversity
3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity
TOPIC 4: Water
4.1 Introduction to Water Systems
4.2 Access to Fresh Water
4.3 Aquatic Food Production Systems
4.4 Water Pollution
TOPIC 5: Soil
5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems
5.2 Terrestrial Food Production Systems & Food Choices
5.3 Soil Degradation & Conservation
TOPIC 6: Atmosphere
6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere
6.2 Stratospheric Ozone
6.3 Photochemical Smog
6.4 Acid Deposition
TOPIC 7: Climate
7.1 Energy Choices & Security
7.2 Climate Change - Causes & Impacts
7.3 Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation
TOPIC 8: Humans
8.1 Human Population Dynamics
8.2 Resource Use in Society
8.3 Solid Domestic Waste
8.4 Human Population Carrying Capacity
The Poles
TOPICS 2026_
TOPIC 1: Foundations
1.1 Perspectives
1.2 Systems
1.3 Sustainability
TOPIC 2: Ecology
2.1 Ecosystems
2.2 Energy & Biomass
2.3 Biogeochemical Cycles
2.4 Climate & Biomes
2.5 ∆Ecosystems
TOPIC 3: Biodiversity & Conservation
3.1 Biodiversity & Evolution
3.2 Human Impact
3.3 Conservation
TOPIC 4: Water
4.1 Water Systems
4.2 Water Access
4.3 Aquaculture
4.4 Water Pollution
TOPIC 5: Land
5.1 Soil
5.2 Agriculture
TOPIC 6: Atmosphere
6.1 Atmosphere Intro
6.2 Climate Change - Causes & Impacts
6.3 Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation
6.4 Stratospheric Ozone
TOPIC 7: Natural Resources
7.1 Resource Use & Management
7.2 Energy Use & Management
7.3 Solid Waste
TOPIC 8: Humans & Urbanization
8.1 Demographics
8.2 Urban Systems & Planning
8.3 Urban Air Pollution
HL Lenses
A. Environmental Law
B. Environmental Economics
C. Environmental Ethics
IA's
Identify the Context (6pts)
Planning (6pts)
Results, Analysis & Conclusion (6pts)
Discussion & Evaluation (6pts)
Applications (3pts)
Communication (3pts)
IA Methodologies
Practical Investigations
IA Online Resources
Graphs & Charts
Extended Essay
Ideas by 2009 Topic
Group 4
M/C QUIZZES
TOPIC 1-Foundations
TOPIC 2-Ecology
TOPIC 3-Biodiversity
TOPIC 4-Water
TOPIC 5-Soil
TOPIC 6-Atmosphere
TOPIC 7-Climate
TOPIC 8-Humans
Reading List
Solutions & Success
Environmental Systems & Societies
Home
NEWS
Online Resources
Questions?
Surveys
Visitors
Action
TOPICS (_2025)
2009_2016 Syllabus
TOPIC 1: Systems & Synergy
TOPIC 1 Assignments
TOPIC 2: Ecosystems
2.1 Structure*
2.2 Measuring Physical Components of the System*
2.3 Measuring Biotic Components of the System*
2.4 Biomes*
2.5 Function
2.6 Changes*
2.7 Measuring Changes in the System*
TOPIC 2 Assignments
TOPIC 2 Online Resources
TOPIC 3: Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, & Resources
3.1 Population Dynamics
3.2 Resources - Natural Capital
3.3 Energy Resources*
3.4 The Soil System*
3.5 Food Resources
3.5 Food Resources*
3.6 Water Resources*
3.7 Limits to Growth
3.8 Environmental Demands of Human Populations*
Econ-ESS Project
TOPIC 3 Assignments
TOPIC 3 Online Resources
TOPIC 4: Conservation & Biodiversity
4.1 Biodiversity in Ecosystems
4.2 Evaluating Biodiversity & Vulnerability*
4.3 Conservation of Biodiversity*
TOPIC 4 Assignments
TOPIC 4 Online Resources
TOPIC 5: Pollution Management
5.1 Nature of Pollution
5.2 Detection & Monitoring of Pollution
5.3 Approaches to Pollution Management
5.4 Eutrophication
5.5 Solid Domestic Waste
5.6 Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone
5.7 Urban Air Pollution
5.8 Acid Deposition
TOPIC 5 Assignments
TOPIC 5 Online Resources
TOPIC 6: The Issue of Global Warming
China GHG Debate
TOPIC 6 Assignments
TOPIC 6 Online Resources
TOPIC 7: Environmental Value Systems
TOPIC 7 Assignments
TOPIC 7 Online Resources
TOPIC 1: Foundations
1.1 Environmental Value Systems
1.2 Systems & Models
1.3 Energy & Equilibria
1.4 Sustainability
1.5 Humans & Pollution
TOPIC 2: Ecology
2.1 Species & Populations
2.2 Communities & Ecosystems
2.3 Flows of Energy & Matter
2.4 Biomes, Zonation, & Succession
2.5 Investigating Ecosystems
TOPIC 3: Biodiversity
3.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
3.2 Origin of Biodiversity
3.3 Threats to Biodiversity
3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity
TOPIC 4: Water
4.1 Introduction to Water Systems
4.2 Access to Fresh Water
4.3 Aquatic Food Production Systems
4.4 Water Pollution
TOPIC 5: Soil
5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems
5.2 Terrestrial Food Production Systems & Food Choices
5.3 Soil Degradation & Conservation
TOPIC 6: Atmosphere
6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere
6.2 Stratospheric Ozone
6.3 Photochemical Smog
6.4 Acid Deposition
TOPIC 7: Climate
7.1 Energy Choices & Security
7.2 Climate Change - Causes & Impacts
7.3 Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation
TOPIC 8: Humans
8.1 Human Population Dynamics
8.2 Resource Use in Society
8.3 Solid Domestic Waste
8.4 Human Population Carrying Capacity
The Poles
TOPICS 2026_
TOPIC 1: Foundations
1.1 Perspectives
1.2 Systems
1.3 Sustainability
TOPIC 2: Ecology
2.1 Ecosystems
2.2 Energy & Biomass
2.3 Biogeochemical Cycles
2.4 Climate & Biomes
2.5 ∆Ecosystems
TOPIC 3: Biodiversity & Conservation
3.1 Biodiversity & Evolution
3.2 Human Impact
3.3 Conservation
TOPIC 4: Water
4.1 Water Systems
4.2 Water Access
4.3 Aquaculture
4.4 Water Pollution
TOPIC 5: Land
5.1 Soil
5.2 Agriculture
TOPIC 6: Atmosphere
6.1 Atmosphere Intro
6.2 Climate Change - Causes & Impacts
6.3 Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation
6.4 Stratospheric Ozone
TOPIC 7: Natural Resources
7.1 Resource Use & Management
7.2 Energy Use & Management
7.3 Solid Waste
TOPIC 8: Humans & Urbanization
8.1 Demographics
8.2 Urban Systems & Planning
8.3 Urban Air Pollution
HL Lenses
A. Environmental Law
B. Environmental Economics
C. Environmental Ethics
IA's
Identify the Context (6pts)
Planning (6pts)
Results, Analysis & Conclusion (6pts)
Discussion & Evaluation (6pts)
Applications (3pts)
Communication (3pts)
IA Methodologies
Practical Investigations
IA Online Resources
Graphs & Charts
Extended Essay
Ideas by 2009 Topic
Group 4
M/C QUIZZES
TOPIC 1-Foundations
TOPIC 2-Ecology
TOPIC 3-Biodiversity
TOPIC 4-Water
TOPIC 5-Soil
TOPIC 6-Atmosphere
TOPIC 7-Climate
TOPIC 8-Humans
Reading List
Solutions & Success
More
Home
NEWS
Online Resources
Questions?
Surveys
Visitors
Action
TOPICS (_2025)
2009_2016 Syllabus
TOPIC 1: Systems & Synergy
TOPIC 1 Assignments
TOPIC 2: Ecosystems
2.1 Structure*
2.2 Measuring Physical Components of the System*
2.3 Measuring Biotic Components of the System*
2.4 Biomes*
2.5 Function
2.6 Changes*
2.7 Measuring Changes in the System*
TOPIC 2 Assignments
TOPIC 2 Online Resources
TOPIC 3: Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, & Resources
3.1 Population Dynamics
3.2 Resources - Natural Capital
3.3 Energy Resources*
3.4 The Soil System*
3.5 Food Resources
3.5 Food Resources*
3.6 Water Resources*
3.7 Limits to Growth
3.8 Environmental Demands of Human Populations*
Econ-ESS Project
TOPIC 3 Assignments
TOPIC 3 Online Resources
TOPIC 4: Conservation & Biodiversity
4.1 Biodiversity in Ecosystems
4.2 Evaluating Biodiversity & Vulnerability*
4.3 Conservation of Biodiversity*
TOPIC 4 Assignments
TOPIC 4 Online Resources
TOPIC 5: Pollution Management
5.1 Nature of Pollution
5.2 Detection & Monitoring of Pollution
5.3 Approaches to Pollution Management
5.4 Eutrophication
5.5 Solid Domestic Waste
5.6 Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone
5.7 Urban Air Pollution
5.8 Acid Deposition
TOPIC 5 Assignments
TOPIC 5 Online Resources
TOPIC 6: The Issue of Global Warming
China GHG Debate
TOPIC 6 Assignments
TOPIC 6 Online Resources
TOPIC 7: Environmental Value Systems
TOPIC 7 Assignments
TOPIC 7 Online Resources
TOPIC 1: Foundations
1.1 Environmental Value Systems
1.2 Systems & Models
1.3 Energy & Equilibria
1.4 Sustainability
1.5 Humans & Pollution
TOPIC 2: Ecology
2.1 Species & Populations
2.2 Communities & Ecosystems
2.3 Flows of Energy & Matter
2.4 Biomes, Zonation, & Succession
2.5 Investigating Ecosystems
TOPIC 3: Biodiversity
3.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
3.2 Origin of Biodiversity
3.3 Threats to Biodiversity
3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity
TOPIC 4: Water
4.1 Introduction to Water Systems
4.2 Access to Fresh Water
4.3 Aquatic Food Production Systems
4.4 Water Pollution
TOPIC 5: Soil
5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems
5.2 Terrestrial Food Production Systems & Food Choices
5.3 Soil Degradation & Conservation
TOPIC 6: Atmosphere
6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere
6.2 Stratospheric Ozone
6.3 Photochemical Smog
6.4 Acid Deposition
TOPIC 7: Climate
7.1 Energy Choices & Security
7.2 Climate Change - Causes & Impacts
7.3 Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation
TOPIC 8: Humans
8.1 Human Population Dynamics
8.2 Resource Use in Society
8.3 Solid Domestic Waste
8.4 Human Population Carrying Capacity
The Poles
TOPICS 2026_
TOPIC 1: Foundations
1.1 Perspectives
1.2 Systems
1.3 Sustainability
TOPIC 2: Ecology
2.1 Ecosystems
2.2 Energy & Biomass
2.3 Biogeochemical Cycles
2.4 Climate & Biomes
2.5 ∆Ecosystems
TOPIC 3: Biodiversity & Conservation
3.1 Biodiversity & Evolution
3.2 Human Impact
3.3 Conservation
TOPIC 4: Water
4.1 Water Systems
4.2 Water Access
4.3 Aquaculture
4.4 Water Pollution
TOPIC 5: Land
5.1 Soil
5.2 Agriculture
TOPIC 6: Atmosphere
6.1 Atmosphere Intro
6.2 Climate Change - Causes & Impacts
6.3 Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation
6.4 Stratospheric Ozone
TOPIC 7: Natural Resources
7.1 Resource Use & Management
7.2 Energy Use & Management
7.3 Solid Waste
TOPIC 8: Humans & Urbanization
8.1 Demographics
8.2 Urban Systems & Planning
8.3 Urban Air Pollution
HL Lenses
A. Environmental Law
B. Environmental Economics
C. Environmental Ethics
IA's
Identify the Context (6pts)
Planning (6pts)
Results, Analysis & Conclusion (6pts)
Discussion & Evaluation (6pts)
Applications (3pts)
Communication (3pts)
IA Methodologies
Practical Investigations
IA Online Resources
Graphs & Charts
Extended Essay
Ideas by 2009 Topic
Group 4
M/C QUIZZES
TOPIC 1-Foundations
TOPIC 2-Ecology
TOPIC 3-Biodiversity
TOPIC 4-Water
TOPIC 5-Soil
TOPIC 6-Atmosphere
TOPIC 7-Climate
TOPIC 8-Humans
Reading List
Solutions & Success
2.1 Individuals, Populations, Communities & Ecosystems
Guiding Question
How can natural systems be modeled, and can these models be used to predict the effects of human disturbance?
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