"This criterion assesses the extent to which the student establishes and explores an environmental issue (either local or global) for an investigation, and develops this issue to state a relevant and focused research question. A lack of focus may lead to a research question that cannot be suitably addressed within the word limit (3,000 words).
Background research: For example, a literature review or consideration of a theory or model. The citation of published materials must be sufficiently detailed to allow these sources to be traceable.
- Excerpted from the IB ESS Guide 2024