Publications

130+ publications (vast majority peer reviewed); Hirsch-index 27 based on publications known to Google Scholar.

2024

Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2024). Out of the academic box? Some thoughts on research, Knowledge, and practice. Keynote at The second European Workshop on Research for Impact in Digital Innovation, RIDI'24. Utrecht, the Netherlands, April 11-12.

Abstract: academia is still struggling with its concrete role with respect to the Knowledge Ecosystem, in particular in view of its obligation to create and share generalised knowledge (as opposed to specialised 'practice-aligned' knowledge) and the necessity of publishing in peer reviewed academic journals etc. In this keynote, I present some opsevratuons based on recent publications and the ongoing debate in the Netherlands concerning the nature of practice-oriented research and the role of Universities of Applied Sciences in engage in it and further it. I focus on the 'interface between Practice and Academia' and identify two specific 'knowledge functions' related to that interface: inducing generalized practical knowledge from practitioners, and weaving generalized knowledge into specific situations (which amounts to 'applying knowledge in practice'). I then talk about an anticipate a next step by sketching possibilities to support Learning Communities with knowledge technology and dedicated, self-service 'Knowledge Platforms'.

2023

Mees Spaan, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, and Bas Hofmans (2023). OMIT: an Instrument to Aid Implementation of a Data Ownership Model in Data Governance. Presented at the Third International Workshop on Information Management (WSIM'23). London, dec 1-3, 2023. In:  Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Enterprise Information Systems (AEIS 2023), p21-27. 

Abstract: We present a ‘work in progress’ paper, based on a master’s thesis, focusing on data ownership models within data governance. The literature shows that there is a lack of practically useful aides or instruments for establishing a good, made-to-measure data ownership model for enterprises, as part of a more general data governance strategy and framework. Based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with experienced experts in the field of data governance, we determined key concepts and factors relevant to the design of a data ownership model. Next, we designed an initial tool in the shape of a questionnaire, called ‘Ownership Model Implementation Tool’ (OMIT). Through additional expert interviews, we evaluated and finalized the instrument as well as guidelines for using it. Our main contribution is the OMIT itself, but its underlying concepts should also be useful to the data governance community. As the OMIT has not yet been tested within organizations, the obvious step for future research would be to evaluate and further refine the tool in practice.

Theunissen, T., Hoppenbrouwers, S., & Overbeek, S. (2023). Evaluation of Approaches for Documentation in Continuous Software Development. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering - ENASE, 404–411. https://doi.org/10.5220/0011846200003464

2022

Theunissen, Theo; Hoppenbrouwers, Stijn; Overbeek, Sietse (2022). Approaches for Documentation in Continuous Software Development. Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly. 1-27. DOI:10.7250/csimq.2022-32.01

Abstract: It is common practice for practitioners in industry as well as for ICT/CS students to keep writing – and reading ¬– about software products to a bare minimum. However, refraining from documentation may result in severe issues concerning the vaporization of knowledge regarding decisions made during the phases of design, build, and maintenance. In this article, we distinguish between knowledge required upfront to start a project or iteration, knowledge required to complete a project or iteration, and knowledge required to operate and maintain software products. With `knowledge', we refer to actionable information. We propose three approaches to keep up with modern development methods to prevent the risk of knowledge vaporization in software projects. These approaches are `Just Enough Upfront' documentation, `Executable Knowledge', and `Automated Text Analytics' to help record, substantiate, manage and retrieve design decisions in the aforementioned phases. The main characteristic of `Just Enough Upfront' documentation is that knowledge required upfront includes shaping thoughts/ideas, a codified interface description between (sub)systems, and a plan. For building the software and making maximum use of progressive insights, updating the specifications is sufficient. Knowledge required by others to use, operate and maintain the product includes a detailed design and accountability of results. `Executable Knowledge' refers to any executable artifact except the source code. Primary artifacts include Test Driven Development methods and infrastructure-as-code, including continuous integration scripts. A third approach concerns `Automated Text Analysis' using Text Mining and Deep Learning to retrieve design decisions.

J. Knoop, W. van Lankveld, L. Beijer, F. J. B. Geerdink, M. W. Heymans, T. J. Hoogeboom, S. Hoppenbrouwers, E. van Overmeeren, R. Soer, C. Veenhof, K. C. P. Vissers, P. J. van der Wees, M. Sappelli & J. B. Staal: Development and internal validation of a machine learning prediction model for low back pain non-recovery in patients with an acute episode consulting a physiotherapist in primary care. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders volume 23, Article number: 834 (2022) 

Abstract:

Background

While low back pain occurs in nearly everybody and is the leading cause of disability worldwide, we lack instruments to accurately predict persistence of acute low back pain. We aimed to develop and internally validate a machine learning model predicting non-recovery in acute low back pain and to compare this with current practice and ‘traditional’ prediction modeling.

Methods

Prognostic cohort-study in primary care physiotherapy. Patients (n = 247) with acute low back pain (≤ one month) consulting physiotherapists were included. Candidate predictors were assessed by questionnaire at baseline and (to capture early recovery) after one and two weeks. Primary outcome was non-recovery after three months, defined as at least mild pain (Numeric Rating Scale > 2/10). Machine learning models to predict non-recovery were developed and internally validated, and compared with two current practices in physiotherapy (STarT Back tool and physiotherapists’ expectation) and ‘traditional’ logistic regression analysis.

Results

Forty-seven percent of the participants did not recover at three months. The best performing machine learning model showed acceptable predictive performance (area under the curve: 0.66). Although this was no better than a’traditional’ logistic regression model, it outperformed current practice.

Conclusions

We developed two prognostic models containing partially different predictors, with acceptable performance for predicting (non-)recovery in patients with acute LBP, which was better than current practice. Our prognostic models have the potential of integration in a clinical decision support system to facilitate data-driven, personalized treatment of acute low back pain, but needs external validation first.

Bas van Gils, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, and Erik Proper: Conceptual Modeling in Digital Transformations. To appear in: proceedings of Conceptual Modelling in the "Digital First" Era — A Joint AIS SIGSAND/SIGPrag Workshop, June 20th 2022, online. 

Abstract: Conceptual models are both foundational in, and part of, the broader practice of domain modeling. Conceptual models are useful in dealing head-on with many types of knowledge-intensive efforts to describe and reason about the conceptual essence of a domain of interest. In this paper, we focus on the role of conceptual (domain) modeling in the context of digital transformation, in particular from a practical perspective, i.e. from the trenches of digital transformation. Conceptual modeling in such contexts requires the participation of a wide range of actors, each with their own background, concerns, and perspectives. This results in a rich diversity in domain conceptualizations. Both managing and embracing this diversity in conceptual modeling are paramount, primarily because conceptual models traditionally form the base for the creation/configuration of “digital actors” (such as automated information systems). The need to involve different participants in (collaborative) modeling efforts also implies the need for an approach that is inclusive to non-experts in modeling. Even more, in practice, not all of the involved participants will experience the co-created model as a model, but rather as (just another) tool to get a job done. In a “digital first” era, the diversity of the involved participants grows even further, since “digital actors” will increasingly become active participants in the modeling processes as well.

2021

Theo Theunissen, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Sietse Overbeek: Continuous Learning with the Sandwich of Happiness and Result Planning. In: Proceedings of EuroPLOP 2021.

Abstract: With an increase in fast time-to-market and keeping up with fast mandatory legal changes, we observe a demand for continuous

software development which is reflected by the emergence of Lean, Agile, and DevOps approaches. At the same time, we observe the

phenomenon of lifelong learning that is both manifest and propagated by government, industry, and education. We introduce two

patterns that match these two phenomena: the Sandwich of Happiness and Result Planning. Together, these patterns support learning for students in an educational setting and continuous learning for professionals in industry, especially in the context of Continuous Software Development

Theo Theunissen, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, and Sietse Overbeek: In Continuous Software Development, Tools are the Message for Documentation. To appear in: proceedings of the International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS). LNBIP series. Berlin: Springer, 2021.

Abstract: In modern software development, there is no single repository that contains all information about a software product. Instead, information is scattered throughout the tools in a software development ecosystem. The combination of information in many tools increases complexity affecting organizational processes, teams, code, development, and operations. Stakeholders of a software product, including developers, seem to experience an increasing effort in searching, finding, and comprehending relevant information. Different stakeholders have different needs for documentation. In this paper, we present that the aspects of `tools are (part of) the message for documentation' refer to types of information, tools including tool-stacks and software development ecosystems, and the structural variety of information. Our approach to present relevant information to different stakeholders is rooted in understanding and utilizing these aspects. In this respect, the amount of structural variety of information defines the value for information creation and retrieval, including the tools on how to process it. Documentation is considered as an information type that is processed with tools in a software development ecosystem. 

Danny Oldenhave, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Theo P. van der Weide: A Heuristic Approach to Use Behavioral Models to Design for Change: Refining and Validating the Persuasive and Motivational Design Method. In: International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design (IJISMD) 12(3). IGI Global: 2021.

Abstract: Persuasive and Motivational Design (PMD) is a method to design for sustainable behavior change within organizations concerning the introduction of some innovation. Such behavior change is desirable to increase adoption of an innovation among employees, and therefore contributes to its successful introduction. An earlier evaluation of PMD among users, and via a real-life use case, resulted in the need for some refinements. In this paper we describe the refined version of PMD, and validate this refinement in another use case, in which a solution based on the interaction elements resulting from the PMD method was created for a pre-fab concrete company, enhancing the work of its employees using holographic representations of BIM (Building Information Modeling) models and related information and interaction. Based on data acquired through interviews and observations, we designed models of current and requested behavior. We selected the right interaction elements to facilitate the target audience in a change of behavior. After implementing our solution at the pre-fab concrete company, we observed a change in behavior among users, growing towards the behavior required to reach the set business objectives. This allowed us to conclude that the refined PMD method is effective in this kind of applications. Our research allowed for the creation, evaluation and validation of the PMD method itself.

M. Corsius, M. Lokin, G. Sangers-Van Cappellen, S. Hoppenbrouwers, E. Baars and I. Wilmont (2021): RegelSpraak: a CNL for Executable Tax Rules Specification. To appear in: ACL Anthology -- proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2021), 8-9 September 2021, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Co-located with SEMANTiCS 2021.

Abstract: RegelSpraak is a CNL developed at the Dutch Tax Administration (DTA) over the last decade. Keeping up with frequently changing tax rules poses a formidable challenge to the DTA IT department. RegelSpraak is a central asset in ongoing efforts of the DTA to attune their tax IT systems to automatic execution of tax law. RegelSpraak now is part of the operational process of rule specification and execution. In this practice-oriented paper, we present the history of RegelSpraak, its properties and the context of its use, emphasizing its double functionality as a language readable by non-technical tax experts but also directly interpretable in a software generating setup.

I. Wilmont, D. Dulfer, J. Hof, M. Corsius and S. Hoppenbrouwers (2021): A quality evaluation framework for a CNL for agile law execution. To appear in: ACL Anthology -- proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2021), 8-9 September 2021, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Co-located with SEMANTiCS 2021.

Abstract: The Dutch Tax Administration has developed and exploited a CNL, RegelSpraak, to automate law execution. This CNL is meant to be comprehensible for legal specialists, IT developers and computers. However, quality assessment of rule patterns and their ability to express all relevant tax laws is currently not possible. In this study we evaluate potential quality criteria that offer the capability to evaluate rule pattern quality based on semantic expressive power, cognitive usability and functional and structural correctness. We design a quality framework based on insights from literature review, interviews and observations, which has been qualitatively operationalized. Initial results suggest that they touch on relevant variables, but that further quantitative operationalization and testing of the framework’s usability in practice are needed.

2020

VP Rantung, CPC Munaiscehe, GC Rorimpandey, FI Sangkop, RHW Pardanus, S Hoppenbrouwers: Web-based application design for agile stakeholder communication. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1469(1). IOP Publishing.

Abstract: An effective communication comes from good communication management. Agile service development has principles regarding to the communication management. The principles focus communications into a situation, thus the communications are well organized in operation so the communication will be effective and efficient. Aims of this research are to create communication management system which is appropriate for agile stakeholder to manage their communication during project development. The method used in this research is software development life cycle (SDLC). This research presents a web-based application design for Agile stakeholder communication support in order to help project developers in organizing and planning communication activities during project development based on Agile service development principles.

Thomas Nobel, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Jan Mark Pleijsant, and Mats Ouborg (2020): Word Meaning, Data Semantics, Crowd  Sourcing, and the BKM/A-Lex Approach. To appear in:  Christophe Debruyne, Hervé Panetto et al., On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2019 Workshops. Confederated International Workshops, Rhodes, October 2019, Revised Selected Papers.

Abstract. Lexical definition of concepts is an integral part of Fact  Based Modelling. More in general, structured description of term meaning, in many forms and guises, has since the early days played a role in information systems (data dictionaries, data modelling), data management (business glossaries for data governance), knowledge engineering (applied logic, rule definition and management), and the Semantic Web (RDF). We observe that at the core of many different approaches to lexical meaning lies the combination of semantic networks and textual definitions, and propose to re-appreciate these relatively simple basics as the theoretical but also, and perhaps more so, practical core of dealing with Data Semantics. We also explore some fundamental concepts from cybernetics, providing some theoretical basis for advocating Crowd Sourcing as a way of taking up continuous lexical definition in and across domain communities. We discuss and compare various combined aspects in lexical definition approaches from various relevant fields in view of the A-Lex tool, which supports a crowd sourcing approach to lexical definition in a data management context: Business Knowledge Mapping. We explain why this approach indeed applies most of the core concepts of "word meaning as a vehicle for dealing with data semantics in and across communities".

2019

Ilona Wilmont, Erik Barendsen and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2019): A Case Study of Executive Functions in Real Process Modeling Sessions. In: E. Proper, J. Stirna (eds): Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops CAiSE 2019, Rome, Italy, June 3-7 2019. Springer Verlag, LNBIP series.

Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Henderik A. Proper and Maurice Nijssen (2019): Towards Key Principles of Fact Based Thinking. In: Christophe Debruyne, Hervé Panetto, Wided Guédria, Peter Bollen, Ioana Ciuciu, and Robert Meersman, On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2018 Workshops

Confederated International Workshops: EI2N, FBM, ICSP, and Meta4eS 2018, Valletta, Malta, October 22–26, 2018, Revised Selected Papers.

Abstract. In this paper, we present ten principles that, in our view, underlie and define the practice and science of ‘Fact Based Thinking’. In itself, Fact Based Thinking underpins Fact Based Modelling (FBM) in all its forms. FBM has been around for decades, and has brought forth a number of meta-models and formalizations. The principles as discussed in this paper focus on Fact Based Thinking rather than on matters of representation and precise semantics, which have been elaborately discussed elsewhere. The principles presented are deliberately worded for broad use and inspirational purposes, rather than worked out in detail. As such, this paper suggests the initialization of further work rather than presenting a final result. The sketch of the principles presented aims to express the basics of Fact Based Thinking in a way that most members of the FBM community can feel at home with.

2018

Danny Oldenhave, Jos Sauren, Theo van der Weide, and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Evaluating the Persuasive and Motivational Design Method: Supporting Design for Sustainable Behavior Change. In: Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly (CSIMQ), Article 92, Issue 16, September/October 2018, Pages 1–16. Rigia, Latvia: RTU Press. DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-16.01

Abstract: Introducing new technology within an organization requires a change in its employees' ways of working and thinking. Such a change is necessary to increase the adoption of the technology. The main issue is that employees do not sufficiently grow with innovation being promoted. When a change program is initiated, often it focuses on a short-term change, whereas a more sustainable change in behavior is necessary to fully adopt the technology. This article concerns the validation and evaluation of a design method called Persuasive and Motivational Design (PMD). PMD is a design tool aiming to bring about a sustainable behavior changes during the development of Information Systems. It is constructed using existing psychological methods and models. We used a survey amongst first users and the case of a significant application to get both a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of our method. Our conclusion is that PMD is a promising technique. Furthermore, the results of this evaluation indicate some ways to further refine and improve our method.

Debbie Tarenskeen, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Rogier van de Wetering (2018): Reflections on Using an Architecture Model for Matching Existing Applications to a Radical Business Requirements Change: a Case Study. In: proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG 8.1 working conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modelling, Vienna, 31 October - 2 November, 2018. Springer Verlag, LNBIP series.

Abstract. In this practice paper, we report the outcomes of a case study in a new Dutch hospital, where enterprise architects are working toward a ‘lean’ and ‘simplified’ EA model to align existing IT systems to new requirements. The objective of the case study was to examine if the developed EA model could support architects in selecting components of an existing IT infrastructure for re-use, with regard to radically new requirements. We have developed an EA model in close collaboration with enterprise architects. This study reflects on the use of this model in the hospital. The approach combines analysis of the content in the model, a study of documents in the organization, and communication with the architects. We signal that the existence of an integrated suite for an Electronic Health Record system largely determined how the model was used. Reflection disclosed that a lack of information on requirements and applications, as well as low adaptability of existing systems, negatively affected the flexibility of IT in the organization.

Henderik A. Proper, Marija Bjekovic, Bas van Gils and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2018): On Teaching Enterprise Modelling. To in: proceedings of EEWC 2018, the 8th Enterprise Engineering Working Conference, May 28 - June 1, 2018, Belval, Luxembourg.

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the teaching of enterprise modelling. It can be observed how enterprise models play an increasingly important role in society. In our view, the increased use of, and even increased dependence on, enterprise models, also makes it important to teach people how to model well. The aim of this paper is therefore twofold. Firstly, it aims to identify key challenges in teaching enterprise modelling. Secondly, it also aims to provide the humble beginnings of a strategy to teach enterprise modelling, meeting these challenges. Both are rooted on a theoretical perspective of modelling, as well as practical experiences. We also reflect on the need for future experimentation and theoretical underpinning of the suggested teaching strategy.

Hoppenbrouwers, Stijn; Wilmont, Ilona; van Loon, Daniël; van der Geest, Thea; Oppl, Stefan (2018): Measuring Process Experience: A Collaborative Modelling Instrument for Determining the Impact of a New Law on Public Service Experience. In: Proceedings of S-BPM ONE 2018, the 10th International Conference on Subject-Oriented Business Process Management, April 5-6, 2018, Linz, Austria; Article No. 13. ACM Digital Library; NY, USA: ACM. 

Abstract: In this paper, we describe the development of a collaborative approach to elicit and analyse service process experience as part of a project commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment. We designed and deployed a model-based instrument for measuring the experiences of both the general public and the civil servants, involved in information sharing, delivery and use and execution of environmental permit application services. In addition, information on the case-specific process structure that is underlying the service delivery was to be gathered with the instrument. We combined a collaborative, stakeholder-oriented process modelling technique with workshops, inspired by the CoMPArE method, with detailed service experience-oriented probing questions focusing on interactions, roles and process ‘bottlenecks’. We carried out a first, baseline measurement on the information, processes and experiences around environmental permit services through 6 identical six-hour workshop sessions with 67 civil servants. Our experiences in executing the baseline measurement are reported, as well as some main results, and lessons learned in developing and applying the workshop approach.

Hoppenbrouwers, Stijn: The Collaboration Perspective on Continuous Development. Keynote at the 4th Workshop on Continuous Requirements Engineering (CRE 2018), co-located with the 23rd International Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2018). In: Joint Proceedings of REFSQ-2018 Workshops, Doctoral Symposium, Live Studies Track, and Poster Trackco-located with the 23rd International Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2018), Utrecht, The Netherlands, March 19, 2018. ceur-ws.org/Vol-2075/CRE18_Keynote.pdf

Abstract: Continuous development, including continuous RE, requires more intensive, better organized, and better supported involvement of, and interaction with, business stakeholders than ever before. We should move from looking at (business) stakeholder involvement as an occasional activity in a design/development project to a regular activity very much embedded in and integrated with the daily, core business work of end-users and other stakeholders. There are similarities between 'requirements governance' and innovative, community-oriented approaches to 'data governance'. Building on work in collaborative conceptual modelling over the last decade, a perspective is presented in which the creation and maintenance of development artefacts (including requirements documents) is mirrored in a goal-oriented, continuous 'conversation about applications' (or rather, a set of interlinked sub-conversations) between various stakeholders. Gamification of this systematic interaction may add to making it more engaging and more lively. Organization and support of these conversations can add to lowering the threshold for business stakeholders to get on board and stay on board the continuous development cycle.    

Sandkuhl, Kurt; Fill, Hans-Georg; Hoppenbrouwers, Stijn; Krogstie, John; Matthes, Florian; Opdahl, Andreas; Schwabe, Gerhard; Uludag, Ömer; and Winter, Robert (2018) "From Expert Discipline to Common Practice: A Vision and Research Agenda for Extending the Reach of Enterprise Modeling," Business & Information Systems Engineering: Vol. 60: Iss. 1, 69-80. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/bise/vol60/iss1/6

Abstract: The benefits of enterprise modelling (EM) and its contribution to organizational tasks are largely undisputed in business and information systems engineering. EM as a discipline has been around for several decades with a huge body of knowledge on EM in academic literature. However, EM is typically done by a limited number of people in organizations inclined to methods and modelling. What is captured in models is only a fragment of what ought to be captured. Thus, this research note argues that EM is far away from reaching its maximum potential. Many people actually develop some kind of model in their local practice without thinking about it consciously. Exploiting the potential of this “grass roots modelling” could lead to groundbreaking innovations in EM. The aim is to investigate integration of the established, often systematic and formalized practices of modelling in enterprises with local practices of creating, using and communicating model-like artifacts or objects of relevance for the overall organization. Starting from a brief analysis of challenges, the paper develops a vision for extending the reach of EM, identifies research areas contributing to the vision and proposes elements of a future research agenda.

Proper H.A., Bjeković M., van Gils B., Hoppenbrouwers S.J.B.A. (2018) Towards Grounded Enterprise Modelling. In: Debruyne C. et al. (eds.) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems. OTM 2017 Workshops. OTM 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10697. Springer Verlag.

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the concept of grounding enterprise models in terms of an underlying fact-based model, as a way to add more meaning to    these enterprise models. We motivate the need for doing so in terms of a fundamental understanding of conceptual modelling, and enterprise modelling in particular. We also clarify why, next to e.g. adding more meaning by using formal semantics, or mapping the model to a foundational ontology, it remains important to ground enterprise models on fact-based models that capture the natural way in which people converse about/in their domain. The presented concepts are illustrated by means of a running example, while also reflecting on, and summarising, the results of earlier experiments in grounding different enterprise models.

2017

M.A. Hermsen, L.M.P. Havens, J. Jeurens en S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers (2017). Wensen en behoeften van mensen met een lichte en matige verstandelijke beperking en hun netwerk ten aanzien van flexibele levensloopondersteuning. In: NTZ, Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Zorg aan Mensen met Verstandelijke Beperkingen. Nr.2, 2017, p108-124. Koninklijke van Gorcum.

Abstract: Dit artikel behandelt de problematiek van transities en continuïteit van ondersteuning bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperking. Het onderzoek kijkt naar de vraag welke wensen en behoeften mensen met een lichte en matige verstandelijke beperking (of gezinnen met één of meerdere gezinsleden met een verstandelijke beperking) hebben ten aanzien van flexibele levensloopondersteuning. Deze wensen en behoeften zijn in samenwerking met de doelgroep vertaald in een prototype van een applicatie voor het signaleren van transities en het bevorderen van ondersteuning. Het artikel is relevant voor professionals die betrokken zijn bij de begeleiding van mensen met een verstandelijke beperking in transitiesituaties.

Ilona Wilmont, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Erik Barendsen (2017). An Observation Method for Behavioral Analysis of Collaborative Modeling Skills. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of Information Systems Engineering, In conjunction with CAiSE’17. In: Metzger, A. and Person, A. (eds.): Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops CAiSE 2017, Essen, Germany, June 12-13, 2017, p59-71. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing 286. Springer Verlag.

Abstract. Process modeling skills are strongly subject to individual dierences in cognitive abilities. However, we lack systematic methods to analyze how psychological mechanisms facilitating cognition influence modeling skills. In this study, we develop a method for a more ecologically valid analysis of modeling behavior based on data from interviews, observations of modeling sessions and literature review. The data was analyzed in a bottom-up fashion and compared to existing models to construct a coding scheme, which was tested on four independent modeling sessions until theoretical saturation was achieved. The resulting categories of Abstraction, Reasoning, Monitoring, Shifting, Working memory, Initiation and Planning were consistently applicable to real modeling sessions. Future research may analyze behavioral patterns within and across these categories to provide valuable insights in the psychological mechanisms of how practitioners use modeling skills and related cognitive processes.

Stefan Oppl and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2017). Introducing Fundamental Concepts of Process Modeling through Participatory Simulation. Proceedings of the 1st T4SIS4T Worskhop; Teaching for smart information systems, smart information systems for teaching, in conjunction with CAiSE’17. In: Metzger, A. and Person, A. (eds.): Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops CAiSE 2017, Essen, Germany, June 12-13, 2017, p110-132. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing 286. Springer Verlag.

Abstract: Due to the ubiquitous deployment of information systems in today’s organizational work settings, the importance of process modeling skills is undisputed not only for techno-centric roles in organizations, but also for more business-oriented positions. The ability to understand and shape work processes through modeling practices is important to actively contribute to information system design. How to facilitate the development of modeling skills for a non-technology-proficient target group has hardly been subject of research. We aim at addressing this issue with an experiential learning approach using participatory simulations of process models. By letting participants experience work processes and reflect on their underlying structure, we aim at facilitating the development of an abstract conceptual understanding, which can then be validated by actively experimenting with process modifications. In the present paper, we introduce the conceptual foundations of our approach, and describe the interactive system we have developed to facilitate the participatory simulation process. Initial findings from an exploratory study with the system indicate that it can support experiential learning processes.

Jonathan Seesink, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2017): Using a Liquid Democracy Tool for End-user Involvement in Continuous RE. In: proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Continuous Requirements Engineering, CRE'17, Essen, Germany, held in conjunction with REFSQ 2017. CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1796: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1796/.

Abstract: This paper reports on a case study exploring the idea that e-democracy approaches, more in particular the ‘liquid democracy’ variety, can support the ongoing communication about requirements involving an application’s user community and requirements practitioners. A small scale explorative study was carried out in a real life context, focusing on the user community of an application used internally in a consultancy company and deploying an existing Liquid Democracy Tool. Interviews and a questionnaire were used to inquire about effects of the system in view of requirements understanding, and the motivation of users to participate in requirements-related activities. While the recorded use of the system was disappointing, we believe our results provide some worthwhile insights into factors at play in involving users in continuous RE through using a (Liquid) Democracy Tool.

2016

Stefan Oppl, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2016): Scaffolding Stakeholder-Centric Enterprise Model Articulation. In: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, Volume 267 of the series Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing pp133-147; proceedings of PoEM 2016, Skövde, Sweden, Nov 2016.

Abstract: Involving stakeholders in enterprise modeling, besides rendering valid models, also helps stakeholders articulate and align their views on their organization. This requires that stakeholders are able to understand and actively perform conceptual modeling for representing their views on enterprise structure and behavior. The specific skills required for this should not be taken for granted and need to be developed explicitly. Scaffolding is an educational concept that allows to embed learning support mechanisms in operative modeling processes. The present article introduces a framework that makes it possible to view scaffolding as an integral part of stakeholder-centric modeling activities. The framework is validated with respect to its descriptive and discriminatory power by an ex-post analysis of the design and application of an existing modeling method.

Kurt Sandkuhl, Hans Georg Fill, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, John Krogstie, Andreas Leue, Florian Matthes, Andreas L. Opdahl, Gerhard Schwabe, Ömer Uludag and Robert Winter (2016): Enterprise Modelling for the Masses – From Elitist Discipline to Common Practice. In: In: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, Volume 267 of the series Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing pp225-240; proceedings of PoEM 2016, Skövde, Sweden, Nov 2016.

Abstract: Enterprise modelling (EM) as a discipline has been around for several decades with a huge body of knowledge on EM in academic literature. The benefits of modelling and its contributions to organizational tasks are largely undisputed. Thus, from an inside-out perspective, EM appears to be a mature and established discipline. However, for initiating serious innovations this view is not sufficient. This position paper takes an outside-in perspective on enterprise modelling and argues that EM is far away from reaching its maximum potential. EM is typically done by a limited number of people in organizations inclined to methods and modelling. What is captured in models is only a fragment of what ought to be captured. Many people actually develop some kind of model in their local practice without thinking about it consciously. Exploiting the potential of this “grass roots modelling” could lead to groundbreaking innovations in EM. The aim is to investigate integration of the established, often systematic and formalized practices of modelling in enterprises with local practices of creating, using and communicating model-like artifacts or objects of relevance for the overall organization.

Danny Oldenhave, Theo van der Weide, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Jos Sauren (2016): Using Game Psychology in Information System Design for Sustainable Behavior Changes. In: proceedings of the 18th IEEE Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), 29th August - 1st September 2016, Paris, France. 

Abstract: Gamification as a topic is getting increasing attention within organizations as a method of organizing and structuring business processes. Gamification is about using game elements in a non-game context with the intention to effectuate a sustainable behavior change. In this paper we introduce Persuasive and Motivational Design (PMD) for information system design methods. This method applies Game Psychology as a safeguard to guarantee sustainable behavior changes that are required for a successful introduction of solutions designed with PMD. PMD has been used for over two years in a course program and has been tested in a business setting. The impact (such as the experiences during the validation of PMD in a case study) will be addressed in an upcoming paper.

2015

Jan Pieter Zwart, Marco Engelbart, and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2015): Fact Oriented Modeling with FCO-IM: Capturing Business Semantics in Data Models with Fully Communication Oriented Information Modeling. NJ, USA: Technics Publications.

Abstract: This book offers a complete basic course in Fully Communication Oriented Information Modeling (FCO-IM), a Fact Oriented Modeling (FOM) data modeling technique. The book is suitable for self-study by beginner FCO-IM modelers, whether or not experienced in other modeling techniques. An elaborate case study is used as illustration throughout the book.

Koen van Turnhout, Jasper Jeurens, René Bakker, and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers (2015): Co-Designing the Participation Ecology. In: proceedings of the Participatory Innovation Conference (PIN-C), The Hague, the Netherlands. May 2015.

Abstract: This paper describes the design case of Wijchen Gezond. A participatory design project has been set up by a civil initiative which aspires Wijchen to become the 'healthiest' town of the Netherlands. We describe the design vision, design approach and first experiences designing in –and with-Wijchen. Moreover we reflect on the challenges we meet in appropriating participatory design techniques for large scale communities.

Hoppenbrouwers, S., Heesch, U. van & Koppe, C. (2015). Using Work Agreements as Operation-time System Requirements for Emergent Work Community Support Systems. In R. Matulevicius (Ed.), REFSQ-JP 2015 : REFSQ Workshops, Research Method Track, and Poster Track, Joint Proceedings of REFSQ-2015 Workshops, Research Method Track, and Poster Track co-located with the 21st International Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2015) Essen, Germany, March 23, 2015 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1342) (pp. 19-24). S.l.: CEUR. - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1342/02-CRE.pdf (Metis)

Abstract: We propose an approach for capturing evolving requirements for work support systems that are organically created by co-workers in self-organized, networked organizations. It is in the nature of such organisations that comprehensive design-time capturing of the volatile taskrelated functional requirements is not possible. Therefore, we advocate a combination of two types of requirements: i. stable requirement fragments elicited at design time, based on elementary collaboration and communication patterns likely to occur in an operational context, and ii. highly dynamic requirements in the form of explicit, easy-to-understand yet well-structured work agreements between organisational actors within organisations at operation-time. These agreements capture many aspects and concepts well known from requirements engineering, as well as business process analysis and design, but design-time modeling/speci.fation of work-speci.c structures is now moved to operation time. Description of such structures by co-workers is supported by mechanisms part of the stable communication patterns under investigation.

Köppe, C., Portier, M., Bakker, R., & Hoppenbrouwers, S. (2015). Lecture Design Patterns: More Interactivity Improvement Patterns. In Preprints of the 22nd Pattern Languages of Programs conference, PLoP’15. Pittsburgh, USA.

Koppe, C., Eekelen, M. van & Hoppenbrouwers, S. (2015). Improving Student Group Work with Collaboration Patterns: A Case Study. In P. Kellenberger (Ed.), ICSE 2015 : 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, 16-24 May, 2015, Firenze, Italy. Proceedings (pp. 303-306). Los Alamitos: IEEE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2015.160 (Metis)

Abstract: Group work skills are essential for Computer Scientists and especially Software Engineers. Group work is included in most CS curricula in order to support students in acquiring these skills. During group work, problems can occur related to a variety of factors, such as unstable group constellations or (missing) instructor support. Students need to find strategies for solving or preventing such problems. Student collaboration patterns offer a way of supporting students by providing problem-solving strategies that other students have already applied successfully. In this work we describe how student collaboration patterns were applied in an interdisciplinary software engineering project, and show that their application was generally experienced as helpful by the students.

2014

Dirk van der Linden, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, and Henderik Proper: On the Identification of Modeler Communities. In: International Journal of Information Systems Modeling and Design (IJISMD), 5(2), 22-40, April-June 2014. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Abstract: The authors discuss the use and challenges of identifying communities with shared semantics in Enterprise Modeling (EM). People tend to understand modeling meta-concepts (i.e., a modeling language’s constructs or types) in a certain way and can be grouped by this conceptual understanding. Having an insight into the typical communities and their composition (e.g., what kind of people constitute such a semantic community) can make it easier to predict how a conceptual modeler with a certain background will generally understand the meta-concepts s/he uses, which is useful for e.g., validating model semantics and improving the efficiency of the modeling process itself. The authors have observed that in practice decisions to group people based on certain shared properties are often made, but are rarely backed up by empirical data demonstrating their supposed efficacy. The authors demonstrate the use of psychometric data from two studies involving experienced (enterprise) modeling practitioners and computing science students to find such communities. The authors also discuss the challenge that arises in finding common real-world factors shared between their members to identify them by and conclude that there is no empirical support for commonly used (and often implicit) grouping properties such as similar background, focus and modeling language.

Koen van Turnhout, Arthur Bennis, Sabine Craenmehr, Robert Holwerda, Marjolein Jacobs, Ralph Niels, Lambert Zaad, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Dick Lenior, René Bakker: Design Patterns for Mixed-Method Research in HCI. In: proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (NordiCHI 2014), Helsinki, 26-30 Oct 2014.

Abstract: In this paper we discuss mixed-method research in HCI. We report on an empirical literature study of the NordiChi 2012 proceedings which aimed to uncover and describe common mixed-method approaches, and to identify good practices for mixed-methods research in HCI. We present our results as mixed-method research design patterns, which can be used to design, discuss and evaluate mixed-method research. Three dominant patterns are identified and fully described and three additional pattern candidates are proposed. With our pattern descriptions we aim to lay a foundation for a more thoughtful application of, and a stronger discourse about, mixed-method approaches in HCI.

Dirk van der Linden, Henderik Proper and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Conceptual Understanding of Conceptual Modeling Concepts: a Longitudinal Study among Students Learning to Model. In: Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops. Proceedings of the CAiSE 2014 International Workshops, Thessaloniki, Greece, June 16-20, 2014. Springer Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 178, 2014.

Abstract: We discuss our investigation into the conceptual understanding that students have of common concepts used for conceptual modeling (e.g., actors, processes, goals). We studied if and how those understandings may change over time during a student’s progress through their academic curriculum. To do so, we performed a longitudinal study with a group of students starting computing and information science studies at Radboud University Nijmegen. We followed them from the beginning of their studies as they learned new theories, techniques, and languages for modeling. We focused on investigating whether their conceptual understandings changed as they became acquainted with new languages and techniques, and whether there were correlations between the introduction of such educational stimuli and changes in their conceptual understanding. We discuss the seeming lack of connection between these stimuli and such changes, and reflect on what this means for the training of people in conceptual modeling.

Danny Oldenhave en Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Requirements Engineering als een Spel. DREAM Magazine, Atos, 2014. In Dutch.

2013

Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Babylon 3.0 -Spraakverwarring bij het Afstemmen van Informatiesystemen. Inaugural address, 8 nov 2013. Kenniscentrum voor Techniek en Samenleving. In Dutch. PDF viewer; PDF Download

W. van Stokkum, P. Heiner, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, H. Mulder: The Added Value of Collaborative Modeling for Legal Business Rule Management. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Models and their Role in Collaboration co-located with the 13th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW 2013), Paphos, Cyprus, September 22, 2013. CEUR Workshop Proceedings vol. 1037, p57-64. Aachen: CEUR. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1037/

Abstract: In this paper we discuss background considerations, domain properties, and some design principles for collaborative modeling environments combining the Business Rule Management approach and the Collaborative Modeling approach. The context focused on is that of translating law texts to operational processes and systems for implementing those laws in the public sector. The process of operationalizing law is very difficult to tackle: a diversity of stakeholders have to be involved to reach consensus on semantics, goals and business service design. We consider collaboration techniques crucial in order to create the required broad basis of acceptance regarding operational policies and their formulation. Collaboration techniques also enhance the efficiency and transparency of the process. We discuss the new role of collaboration in relation to the governance processes of the organizations. We illustrate a design case by describing an environment we are developing. We reflect on some lessons learned, concluding that adopting collaborative modeling techniques alone is not enough. Explorations show that additionally, rules and mechanisms are needed to structure and facilitate the group decision making process.

Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Rob Thijssen, Jan Vogels: Operationalizing Dialogue Games for Collaborative Modeling. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Models and their Role in Collaboration co-located with the 13th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW 2013), Paphos, Cyprus, September 22, 2013. CEUR Workshop Proceedings vol. 1037, p41-48. Aachen: CEUR. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1037/

Abstract: In our ongoing attempt to create and support workable “rules of play” for effective, goal-driven conversations in the context of collaborative modeling, we have now reached a stage in which a first operational setup for such ‘dialogue games’ has been developed and tested. In this paper we present the basic, generic structure of a game-like procedure description, based on a prototype game for conceptual (information) modeling. The procedure has been tested and refined in a modest design cycle and has been demonstrated to work realistically. Its generic structure is meant to be applicable for different types of conceptual modeling, e.g. process modeling, goal modeling, task modeling, and so on (requiring specific rules and configurations for the different types). However, in this paper we merely aim to present our basic approach. An illustrative example is provided.

Joost de Vries and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Rule Governance, Social Coding and Social Modeling. To appear in: CEUR Workshop Proceedings of the 6th IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2013 (Riga, Letvia).

Abstract: The current financial climate in the world forces organisations in government and finance to automate their operational decision making to the highest degree. The Dutch government is initiating an approach that facilitates quick, repeatable and correct implementation of new laws and thorough accountability of operational decisions that have been taken. The name of this approach can be translated as ‘rule governance’ or ‘agile execution of law’. This article proposes the term social modeling and argues that a solution to facilitate rule governance modeling would benefit from being based on social modeling.

Jan Pieter Zwart, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Elementary Transactions. In: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2013 Workshops; Object Role Modeling ORM 2013, Graz, Austria. LNCS series vol. 8186, p513-523. Berlin: Springer.

Abstract: Designing the data perspective of an information system has benefited greatly from modeling at the conceptual level. From such a model, logical data structures (ERM, Relational, DWH) can be generated automatically. Designing the process perspective however is at best either linked afterwards to an existing logical data structure, or – in more advanced approaches – partly generated from the logical data level. In this paper, we describe how to generate the elementary building blocks of the process perspective from the conceptual data level. Our goal is to derive a complete set of elementary transactions from the elementary fact types and constraints at the conceptual level. Definitions of the required concepts and rules for their basic behavior are given.

Ilona Wilmont, Sytse Hengeveld, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Erik Barendsen. Cognitive Mechanisms of Conceptual Modelling: How Do People Do It? In: proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2013), Hong Kong. Springer LNCS vol. 8217, pp74-87, 2013. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.

Abstract: Conceptual modelling involves many higher order cognitive processes, such as relational reasoning and abstraction, which are based on integration and maintenance of information. Evidence from cognitive psychology suggests that these processes are subject to individual differences which cannot be explained by training and experience alone. In this review, we study how the cognitive processes that enable modelling interact to produce modelling behaviour, and where in this process we can .nd individual di.erences that may explain some of the variation in performance seen in actual modelling settings. We discuss interaction between working memory, executive control and attention as they facilitate relational reasoning and abstraction, which we consider to be key cognitive processes in modelling. Eventually, a thorough understanding of modelling cognition can help us to provide better cognitive support for modellers.

Danny Oldenhave, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Theo van der Weide, and Remco Lagarde. Gamification to Support the Run Time Planning Process in Adaptive Case Management. In: proceedings of EMMSAD 2013, in conjunction with CAiSE 2013 (Sevilla, Spain). Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 147, pp385-394. Heidelberg: Springer.

Abstract: Adaptive Case Management is used to manage unpredictable processes. These processes are mostly knowledge oriented and different roles need to collaborate to carefully plan the next steps during the execution of a case. These next steps cannot always be planned ahead, but depend on events and changes and di.er for each instance. During the execution period the actual model of the run time planning, of a particular instance of a case, is made. For di.erent roles to easily plan the correct next steps, it is important that such a case can be conceptualized and communicated. In this paper we suggest the idea of using game elements, or Gami.cation, to enhance the planning process during the execution of a case. With the use of Gami.cation we hope to make this process more recognizable for people and create better involvement by engaging the familiarity of games. The use of role-playing games is already being used for workshops and requirements elicitation. By building on existing work in Adaptive Case Management and Gami.cation we show that most games and the planning process of a case are in some respects similar. More in particular, we will discuss how we can learn from games to improve the team play during the planning process of a case. Finally this idea will be explained through an example of a planning process for an unpredictable case.

Koen van Turnhout, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Paul Jacobs, Jasper Jeurens, Wina Smeenk and René Bakker. Requirements from the Void: Experiences with 1:10:100. To appear in: proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Creativity in Requirements Engineering (CreaRE 2013), in workshop proceedings of the 19th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2013), April 8, Essen, Germany; 2013.

Abstract: In this paper we discuss our experiences with the 1:10:100 approach for organizing requirements elicitation in open innovation projects. 1:10:100 was originally developed to tackle the complexity of ‘wicked’ design problems, but also turns out to be a helpful means to organize requirements-oriented project conversations with heterogeneous groups of innovation partners. We use the 1:10:100 approach to shape project phasing. We discuss the approach, report on our experiences using 1:10:100 for requirements elicitation in two service design projects in the context of health care, and based on this present some practitioner’s guidelines for using 1:10:100.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers and van Stokkum, W.: From Dialogue Games to m-­ThinkLets: Overview and Synthesis of a Collaborative Modeling Approach. In: International Journal of E-Collaboration (IJeC) (9)4, 32-44. Special issue on Collaborative Usage and Development of Models and other Visualizations, 2013.

Abstract: We present an integrated overview and extension of a conversational approach to support analysis and design of goal-driven and focused interaction between stakeholders and facilitators, to be specifically applied in collaborative modeling. Complementary to ‘collaborative diagram drawing’ approaches, we aim to provide more focused and accessible, wizard-like or even game-like conceptualization support. Our work is rooted in theory as well as industrial practice. Ideas developed in over half a decade, as well as some new concepts, are coherently presented, centering on the notion of ‘dialogue games’. The approach is brought under the umbrella of the ‘ThinkLet’ approach from Collaboration Engineering, and is positioned as a specialization thereof, aiming to fit the specific needs and features of collaborative modeling.

D. Ssebuggwawo, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers and H.A. Proper: Applying AHP for Collaborative Modeling Evaluation -Experiences from a Modeling Experiment. In: International Journal of Information Systems Modeling and Design (IJISMD) (4)1, 2013. IGI Global Publishing, USA.

Abstract: Collaborative modeling is one of the approaches used to enhance productivity in many enterprise modeling and system development projects. Determining the success of such a collaborative effort needs an evaluation of a number of factors which affect the quality of not only the end-products – the models, but also that of other modeling artifacts: the modeling language, the modeling procedure and the support tool. Although a number of quality frameworks have been developed, few of these frameworks have received practical validation and many offer little guidance about how the evaluation is operationalized. The Collaborative Modeling Evaluation (COME) framework presented in this paper offers a holistic approach to evaluation of the four modeling artifacts. It employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a well-established method from Operations Research, to score the artifacts’ quality dimensions and to aggregate the modelers’ priorities and preferences. Results from a modeling experiment demonstrate both the theoretical and practical significance of the framework.

2012

Ilona Wilmont, Erik Barendsen, and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers. On the Role of Abstraction and Executive Control in Process Modeling. In: Proceedings of The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, 5th IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2012 (Rostock, Germany) --short papers. CEUR digital proceedings, vol. 933. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-933/

Abstract: In this paper, we describe our study on the relation between formation of abstractions and aspects of executive control in the context of process modeling. We have observed and recorded three business process modeling projects in di.erent companies. We report on the findings resulting from the analysis of the first project. We find evidence that certain traits related to high-quality abstraction formation contribute to more structured modeling performance. Through our analysis we gain more insight in the cognitive mechanisms involved in modeling, which provides us with another step towards design of effective modeling support.

Dirk van der Linden and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Challenges of Identifying Communities with Shared Semantics in Enterprise Modeling. In: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, 5th IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2012 (Rostock, Germany). LNBIP 134, 2012, pp 160-171. Springer.

Abstract: In this paper we discuss the use and challenges of identifying communities with shared semantics in Enterprise Modeling. People tend to understand modeling meta-concepts (i.e., a modeling language's constructs or types) in a certain way and can be grouped by this understanding. Having an insight into the typical communities and their composition (e.g., what kind of people constitute a semantic community) would make it easier to predict how a conceptual modeler with a certain background will generally understand the meta-concepts he uses, which is useful for e.g., validating model semantics and improving the efficiency of the modeling process itself. We demonstrate the use of psychometric data from two studies involving experienced (enterprise) modeling practitioners and computing science students to find such communities, discuss the challenge that arises in finding common real-world factors shared between their members to identify them by and conclude that the common (often implicit) grouping properties such as similar background, focus and modeling language are not supported by empirical data.

Stijn Hoppenbrouwers: Asking Questions about Asking Questions in Collaborative Enterprise Modelling. In: : The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, 5th IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2012 (Rostock, Germany). Springer, LNBIP series vol. 134, p16-30.

Abstract: In this paper we explore the subject of question asking as an inherent driver of enterprise modelling sessions, within the narrower context of the ‘dialogue game’ approach to collaborative modelling. We explain the context, but mostly report on matters directly concerning question asking and answer pre-structuring as a central issue in an ongoing effort aiming for the practiceoriented development of a series of dialogue games for collaborative modelling. We believe that our findings can be relevant and helpful to anyone concerned with planning, executing or facilitating collaborative modelling sessions, in particular when involving stakeholders untrained in systems thinking and modelling.

Dirk van der Linden, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Alina Lartseva, and Wolfgang Molnar: Using Psychometrics to Explicate Personal Ontologies in Enterprise Modeling. In: Applied Ontology 7 (2012), p1-15. Lansdale, PA: IOS Press.

Abstract: In this paper we present our vision on how the practice of Ontology could be used to support the integration of (conceptual) models capturing various different aspects of an enterprise, originating from different stakeholders. Creating an overall enterprise model (or architecture) requires a deep understanding not only of what the words used in models mean to their creators, but also how the various modelers interpret the meta-conceptual constructs they use (i.e. categories in the modeling language). We argue this cannot be achieved by assuming a priori consensus on the used semantics (as is common practice), but that we need to incorporate methods that let us discover the existing categorization tendencies of specialized discourse communities and their individual members. Thus, we propose that conceptual integration in enterprise modeling, and perhaps also in other fields, would strongly benefit from an approach to Ontology that is more concerned with figuring out how people actually categorize than with stipulating how they ought to categorize. To show the possibilities such an approach offers we describe how the semantic differential can be adapted to fit this need and demonstrate its application by investigating the categorization tendencies of some computing science students in regards to modeling notation constructs.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, van Stokkum, W., Iacob, M. E., Wilmont, I., van der Linden, D. J. T., Amrit, C.: Stakeholder Communication. Chapter 7 of M.M. Lankhorst (Ed.), Agile Service Development - Combining Adaptive Methods and Flexible Solutions. Berlin Heidelberg London New York Johannesburg Mumbai Punta Arenas Wladiwostok: Springer Verlag, 2012.

Abstract: In this chapter, we address the issue of communication with stakeholders in agile development projects. Our approach pivots round ‘Communication Situations’ that occur in such communication; we do not cover all communication that may occur in projects, but focus mainly on the model-oriented kind and on situations in which stakeholders (apart from developers) play an important role. We provide some context and background, but also concrete ways of analyzing and guiding communication situations using some dedicated instruments. We illustrate this with examples from practice.

M.M. Zoet, A.W. Heerink, M.M. Lankhorst, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, W. van Stokkum: An Agile Way of Working. Chapter 6 of M.M. Lankhorst (Ed.), Agile Service Development - Combining Adaptive Methods and Flexible Solutions. Berlin Heidelberg London New York Johannesburg Mumbai Punta Arenas Wladiwostok: Springer Verlag, 2012.

Abstract: Internal or external changes may force an organization to introduce new services, adapt existing services, or phase out services that become obsolete. The inpact of such changes usually goes beyond the functionality of services alone. Sometimes it also affects the systems that are used to run the services, new networking procedures that need to be put in place, communication strategies that ne to be aligned, and business models that need to be reworked. To cope with such changes, organizations must be able to carry out the required changes as cost effective and efficient as possible. Besides constraints on the functionality of services itself, the ability to deal with these events also puts constraints on how to create services. This chapter presents the way of working to define, build, deploy and maintain services such that organizations can cope with changing business needs.

S. Hoppenbrouwers, E. Rouwette, P. Rittgen (eds): Collaborative Modeling, proceedings of the 2012 minitrack in the proceedings of the 45th Hawaiian International Conference on the System Sciences, HICSS-45; Collaborative Systems track. IEEE digital proceedings, 2012.

I. Wimont, E. Barendsen, S. Hoppenbrouwers, S. Hengeveld: Abstract Reasoning in Collaborative Modeling. In: proceedings of the 45th Hawaiian International Conference on the System Sciences, HICSS-45; Collaborative Systems track, Collaborative Modeling minitrack. IEEE digital proceedings, 2012.

Abstract: This paper reports on a case study of abstract reasoning in a real collaborative modeling setting. The study was conducted according to the behavioral observation principles of human ethology. Our findings indicate a relation between an individual’s executive functioning and his ability to do abstract reasoning. Furthermore, we find individual differences in these abilities, and our results suggest that lack of certain skills pushes a session back to its initial phase until a shared conception of what is being modeled is achieved. These findings further our understanding of the process of collaborative modeling; how the qualities and behaviors of an individual modeler influence the interactive modeling process and its final outcomes.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers and E.A.J.A. Rouwette: A Dialogue Game for Analysing Group Model Building: Framing Collaborative Modelling and its Facilitation. In: R. Magalhaes (edt.), International Journal of Organisational Design and Engineering (IJODE), vol. 2, no. 1, p19-40; special issue on collaborative modeling. New York, USA: Interscience Publishers, 2012.

Abstract: this paper concerns a specific approach to analysing and structuring operational situations in collaborative modelling. Collaborative modelling is viewed here as ‘the goal-driven creation and shaping of models that are based on the principles of rational description and reasoning’. Our long term goal is to use analysis as a basis for improvement of collaborative modelling and the development of dedicated interactive support environments. We focus on a specific, established flavour of collaborative modelling called Group Model Building (GMB), rooted in System Dynamics. GMB is the collaborative modelling of causal relations and feedback loops, aiming for the understanding of the complex influences among system variables in some system. We discuss our theoretical approach to the systematic analysis and framing of collaborative modelling as dialogue games. We then present an evaluated prototype of a dialogue game for analysing GMB: an operational framing of constrained and guided GMB conversations.

2011

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, A. Pratama Jemmi Oscar, D. Listianto Adisuryo, and J.P. Zwart: A Dialogue Game Prototype for FCO-IM. In: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2011 Workshops; Object Role Modeling ORM 2011, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, October 19-21, 2011. LNCS series vol. 7046, pp339-49. Berlin: Springer.

Abstract: We report on the development of a prototype dialogue game for FCO-IM. Dialogue games are systems for executing controlled conversations. As part of an ongoing effort to analyze and support collaborative modeling processes by means of dialogue games, we created a dialogue game prototype for essential parts of the FCO-IM modeling process. The project was exploratory in nature, but results suggest that eventually it should be possible to develop dialogue games that could effectively support fact-based conceptual modeling efforts. In addition, work on such games enhances our insights in the FCO-IM modeling process as such, and lead to improvements and extensions of its operational guidelines.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers and W. van Stokkum: Towards Combining ThinkLets and Dialogue Games in Collaborative Modeling: an Explorative Case. In:  A. Notle, M. Prilla, S. Lukosch, G. Kolfschoten, T. Hermann, Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Collaborative Usage and Development of Models and Visualizations (CollabViz 2011), part of the ECSCW 2011 – The Twelfth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, September 2011, Aarhus, Denmark. On-line publication: CEUR-WS proceedings vol. 777., pp11-8. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-777/

Abstract: we present a next step in our ongoing effort to conceive innovative support approaches for collaborative modeling. We propose to blend the well-established Collaboration Engineering approach (rooted in CSCW) with the Dialogue Game approach (rooted in Conceptual Modeling), viewing the second as a specialized extension of the first, and describing how they can complement each other. We hope to eventually link not only the approaches, but also the two fields. We provide a small but realistic illustration of our proposal at the hand of a real, industrially used elicitation pattern from knowledge modeling, and briefly show how this pattern can be wrapped up as an ‘m-thinkLet’.

D.J.T. van der Linden, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, A. Lartseva, and H.A. Proper: Towards an Investigation of the Conceptual Landscape of Enterprise Architecture. In Terry Halpin, Selmin Nurcan, John Krogstie, Pnina Soffer, Erik Proper, Rainer Schmidt and Ilia Bider (edts.): Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling; 12th International Conference, BPMDS 2011, and 16th International Conference, EMMSAD 2011, held at CAiSE 2011, London, UK, June 20-21, 2011. LNBIP series vol. 81, Part 8, p526-535. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2011.

Abstract: In this paper we discuss our preliminary work on clarifying the conceptual landscape of Enterprise Architecture. We do so to aid in the integration of conceptual models originating from different communities (of language users, concerns, viewpoints etc.). We propose that discovering the basic ontological structure used by these communities is necessary for the effective integration of models, and that different communities have a discriminatably different central understanding of some categories in their ontology. Our initial results include the description and categorization analysis of several languages and methods used in EA (as used by their creators), which we show to hint towards a prototype structure reflecting a community's focus.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, H. Weigand, E.A.J.A. Rouwette: Exploring Dialogue Games for Collaborative Modeling. In: N. Kock (edt.), E-Collaboration Technologies and Organizational Performance: Current and Future Trends; chapter 17, p292-317. Information Science reference. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2011.

Abstract: In our search for better understanding and support of the activities constituting collaborative modeling processes, we have developed a framework viewing them as enacted dialogue games. We have also developed and evaluated a number of experimental game-like procedures, exploring ‘modeling as a game’. In this chapter, we present our generalized findings and experiences so far, discussing some key aspects underlying the analysis and design of collaborative modeling activities as dialogue games, with some emphasis on the support and guidance of novice modelers (as opposed to expert modelers).

S. Hoppenbrouwers, M. Zoet, J. Versendaal, I. van de Weerd: Agile Service Development –A Rule-Based Method Engineering Approach. In: J. Ralyté, I. Mirbel and R. Deneckère (eds.): Engineering Methods in the Service-Oriented Context; 4th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on Method Engineering, ME 2011, Paris, France, April 20-22, 2011. Proceedings. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Volume 351/2011 pp184-189, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-19997-4_17. Republished (extended abstract) in V. Dignum, J. Hidders, S. Overbeek: EIS 2011, SIKS Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-800/

Abstract: Agile software development has evolved into an increasingly mature software development approach and has been applied successfully in many software vendors’ development departments. In this position paper, we address the broader agile service development. Based on method engineering principles we define a framework that conceptualizes a way of working for the development of new services, emphatically taking into account agility. As a first level of agility, the framework contains situational project factors that influence the choice of method fragments; secondly, increased agility is proposed by describing these method fragments not as steps or activities, but instead by means of sets of rules that determine the context and constraints within which goals are to be reached. This approach borrows concepts from rules management, organizational patterns, and game design theory.

2010

E.D. Schabell, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Financial Crisis Front Line: SNS Bank. In: L. Fisch, edt.: 2009 BPM & Workflow Handbook -BPM in Government; Methods, Concepts, Case Studies and Standards in Business Process Management and Workflow. Future Strategies Inc., Lighthouse Point, FL, 2010.

Abstract: SNS Bank (the Netherlands) has made a strategic decision to empower its customers on-line by fully automating its business processes. The ability to automate these service channels is achieved by applying Business Process Management (BPM) techniques to existing selling channels. Both the publicly available and internal processes are being revamped into full scale Straight Through Processing (STP) services. This extreme use of online STP is the trigger in a shift that is of crucial importance to cost effective banking in an ever turbulent and changing financial world. The key elements used in implementing these goals continue to be (Free) Open Source Software (FOSS), Service oriented architecture (SOA), and BPM. In this paper we will present an industrial application describing the efforts of the SNS Bank to make the change from traditional banking services to a full scale STP and BPM driven bank that can survive on the Financial Crisis front lines.

Ssebuggwawo, D., Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., and Proper, H.A.: Collaborative Modeling: Towards a Meta-model for Analysis and Evaluation. In: B.F. van Dongen and H.A. Reijers, editors, Proceedings of the 5th SIKS/BENAIS Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (EIS 2010), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pages 56-70. On-line publication: CEUR-WS proceedings.

Abstract: In this paper we discuss a meta-model for the analysis and evaluation of collaborative modeling sessions. In the first part of the meta-model, we use an analysis framework which reveals a triad of rules, interactions and models. This framework, which is central in driving the modeling process, helps us look inside the modeling process with the aim of understanding it better. The second part of the meta-model is based on an evaluation framework using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method. Central to this framework, is how modelers' quality priorities and preferences can, through a group decision-making and negotiation process, be traced back to the interactions and rules in the analysis framework.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, B. Schotten, and P.J.F. Lucas: Towards Games for Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling. In: International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, October-December 2010, Vol. 2, No. 4. Special issue on AI and Games. IGI Global.

Abstract: Many model-based methods in AI require formal representation of knowledge as input. For the acquisition of highly structured, domain-specific knowledge, machine learning techniques still fall short, and knowledge elicitation and modelling is then the standard. However, obtaining formal models from informants who have few or no formal skills is a non-trivial aspect of knowledge acquisition, which can be viewed as an instance of the well-known “knowledge acquisition bottleneck”. Based on the authors’ work in conceptual modelling and method engineering, this paper casts methods for knowledge modelling in the framework of games. The resulting games-for-modelling approach is illustrated by a first prototype of such a game. The authors’ long-term goal is to lower the threshold for formal knowledge acquisition and modelling.

Ssebuggwawo, D., Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., and Proper, H.A.: Assessing Collaborative Modeling Quality Through Modeling Artifacts. In: Bommel, P. van, Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., Overbeek, S., Proper, H.A., and Barjis, J.: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. Proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM 2010), held November 9-10 in Delft, the Netherlands. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP) vol. 68. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

Abstract: Collaborative modeling uses and produces modeling artifacts whose quality can help us gauge the effectiveness and efficiency of the modeling process. Such artifacts include the modeling language, the modeling procedure, the products and the support tool or medium. To effectively assess the quality of any collaborative modeling process, the (inter-) dependencies of these artifacts and their effect on modeling process quality need to be analyzed. Although a number of research studies have assessed and measured the quality of collaborative processes, there has been no formal (causal) model developed to assess the quality the collaborative modeling process through the modeling artifacts. This paper develops a Collaborative Modeling Process Quality (CMPQ) construct for assessing the quality of collaborative modeling. A modeling session involving 107 students was used to validate and measure the quality constructs in the model.

Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A and Wilmont, I.: Focused Conceptualisation: Framing Questioning and Answering in Model-Oriented Dialogue Games. In: Bommel, P. van, Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., Overbeek, S., Proper, H.A., and Barjis, J.: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. Proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM 2010), held November 9-10 in Delft, the Netherlands. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP) vol. 68. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

Abstract: This paper reports on a next step in a line of research taking the perspective that modelling as an activity is a ‘constrained conversation’. We focus on concrete communication situations in context of (enterprise) modelling sessions, with special attention to the involvement of ‘novice modellers’. We present some theoretical notions that are helpful in understanding why modelling performed by/with novice modellers can usually be best broken down in sub-tasks, and how such decomposed tasks can be analysed and structured to match the limited skills of (novice) modellers. The generic aspects presented are then linked to generic types of questions and answers that are both drivers and constraints for the ‘dialogue games’ played in conversations- for-modelling. We also present and illustrate an instrument for analysis, the ‘Focused Conceptualisation’ (FoCon), which can help identify, evaluate and create dialogue games for model-oriented communication situations; we discuss three working examples of the use of FoCons.

Bommel, P. van, Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., Overbeek, S., Proper, H.A., and Barjis, J.: The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. Proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM 2010), held November 9-10 in Delft, the Netherlands. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP) vol. 68. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

Groenewegen, J., Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., and Proper, H.A.: Playing ArchiMate Models. In: Bider I., Halpin T., Krogstie J., Nurcan S., Proper E., Schmidt R., and Ukor, R. (eds.), Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop, BPMDS 2010, and 15th International Conference, EMMSAD 2010, held at CAiSE 2010, Hammamet, Tunisia, June 7-8, 2010; p182-194. LNBIP vol. 50. Berlin, Springer, 2010.

Abstract: This paper concerns the application of a gaming approach to the validation of ArchiMate models, with the aim of enhancing validation, by non-architects, beyond mere reading of the model. The game offers a guided process for systematic exploration of ArchiMate models, and for systematically raising questions about them. The development process and the design principles behind the game are discussed, as well as the information transformation involved in creating a model-specific game from an ArchiMate model. The game has been evaluated through application in a small real life case. We discuss the influence of our approach to model understanding by the players, and the conceptual merits and flaws of the game.

Wilmont I., Brinkkemper S., van de Weerd I., Hoppenbrouwers S.J.B.A.: Exploring Intuitive Modelling Behaviour. In: Bider I., Halpin T., Krogstie J., Nurcan S., Proper E., Schmidt R., and Ukor, R. (eds.), Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop, BPMDS 2010, and 15th International Conference, EMMSAD 2010, held at CAiSE 2010, Hammamet, Tunisia, June 7-8, 2010; p301-313. LNBIP vol. 50. Berlin, Springer, 2010.

Abstract: Understanding modelling behaviour is an important step towards situated modelling support, especially when aiming to actively involve the domain expert in modelling without expert interventions. In search for a hypothesis on which modelling acts humans exhibit naturally, this paper presents an exploratory study into the modelling approaches intuitively taken by people trained in modelling as opposed to people not trained in modelling. Participants were asked to create a concept map of either a familiar or unfamiliar knowledge domain. Analysis shows that there are differences between the approaches novice and expert modellers follow, the decisions they make in representing an aspect or not, and the level of abstraction they choose.

2009

Denis Ssebuggwawo, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Erik Proper. Group Decision Making in Collaborative Modeling: Aggregating Individual Preferences with AHP. In: P. van Bommel and S. Hoppenbrouwers: Digital Proceedings of the 4th SIKS conference in Enterprise Information Systems (EIS 2009), Ravenstein, the Netherlands.

Abstract: The need for negotiation and decision making among collaborative modelers stems from their desire to reconcile their different positions, priorities and preferences. This requires them to engage in an argumentative negotiation process so as to achieve consensus. A number of methods can be used to aggregate their judgements and priorities thus helping them to reach consensus. In this paper we show how the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used to help modelers reach consensus about the quality of the different modeling aspects in a collaborative modeling process. Insights derived from this approach could be used to aid modelers reach consensus about the quality of the different aspects in a collaborative modeling session through a decision making negotiation process.

S.J.B.A Hoppenbrouwers and B. Schotten: A Game Prototype for Basic Process Model Elicitation. In: Anne Persson, Janis Stirna (eds): The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, 2nd IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2009. Springer, LNBIP series vol. 39

Abstract: We present a first prototype of a simple “modelling wizard”. We also explain the ideas and rationales behind it: a first exploration of a new type of modelling tool which uses game-like interaction to guide and support the modeller in the process of modelling. After being played, the prototype game renders the basic information for a formal process representation (for example in BPMN), based on structured input given by a domain expert as she plays the game. Rather than offering substantial support for real modellers at this point, the game merely aims to demonstrate what we believe to be a new direction in thinking about methods and support for enterprise modelling. We also report on our experiences and evaluation of the prototype.

Denis Ssebuggwawo, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Erik Proper: Interactions, Goals and Rules in a Collaborative Modelling Session. In: Anne Persson, Janis Stirna (eds): The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, 2nd IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2009. Springer, LNBIP series vol. 3

Abstract: Collaborative modeling can enhance productivity and quality of modeling in system development and enterprise engineering projects by helping to construct agreement and a sense of model ownership among stakeholders/modelers. Some of these stakeholders have relatively low expertise in formal modeling; advanced tools are needed that provide specialized, modeler-oriented support for collaborative modeling. As a basis for future development of such tools, we are carrying out a detailed exploratory study of the interaction between modelers, involving diverse aspects of modeling: goal setting, modeling language concepts, planning, etc. Central in our approach is the study of how collaborative modelers negotiate, set, use, and deal with the various rules/goals governing interactive modeling sessions. We describe the conceptual framework and approach used for our analysis, and present findings from a case study which focuses on the first phases of a session concerning basic Business Process Modeling. We also compare our findings to some existing work.

Denis Ssebuggwawo, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Erik Proper: Evaluating Modeling Sessions Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. In: Anne Persson, Janis Stirna (eds): The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, 2nd IFIP WG8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2009. Springer, LNBIP series vol. 39

Abstract: In this paper, which is methodological in nature, we propose to use an established method from the _eld of Operations Research, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in the integrated, stakeholder-oriented evaluation of enterprise modeling sessions: their language, process, tool (medium), and products. We introduce the AHP and briefly explain its mechanics. We describe the factors we take into consideration, and demonstrate the approach at the hand of a case example we devised based on a semi-realistic collaborative modeling session. The method proposed is to be a key part of a larger setup: a \laboratory" for the study of operational (i.e. real) modeling sessions and related study and development of methods and tools deployed in them.

Fiona Tulinayo, Andreas Groessler, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Patrick van Bommel: Complementing System Dynamics with Object-Role Modelling. In: proceedings of the 27th International Conference of The System Dynamics Society, July 26 – 30, 2009, Albuquerque, USA.

Abstract: In this paper we use Object-Role Modeling (ORM) to complement System Dynamics (SD). The art of SD modeling lies in discovering and representing feedback processes and other elements that determine the dynamics of the system. However, SD shows a lack of instruments for discovering and expressing precise, language-based concepts in domains. At the same time, the field of conceptual modeling has long since focused on deriving models from natural expressions. We therefore, turn to ORM as a prime example to complement a strong natural language based conceptual modeling approach into the creation of SD models. ORM is a formal fact-oriented approach for modeling information at a conceptual level. In this paper we investigate the basic building blocks of these methods using examples. Investigating the foundation of the two methods helps us to better understand their underlying concepts and their differences in update behavior due to state and decision changes. We use SD to capture the dynamic, and ORM to capture the static aspect of a system.

Fiona Tulinayo, Stijn Hoppenbrouwers, Patrick van Bommel, and Erik Proper: Integrating System Dynamics with Object-Role Modeling and Petri Nets. In: J. Mendling, S. Rinderle-Ma, W. Esswein (eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISA 2009), p69-82. Lecture Notes in Informatics, Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), Germany.

Abstract: In this paper we explore the combination of System Dynamics (SD) with Object-Role Modeling (ORM). During this exploration we give an introduction of SD with a focus on stock and flow diagrams and ORM using basic concepts and their update behavior, we also relate SD to ORM using an example. Thereafter we derive mappings from different concepts used in the two methods, syntax, semantics and an SDORM (System Dynamics Object-Role Modeling) procedure is given. In the procedure we use an object role structure to explain the different steps taken to transfer an ORM model into an SD model. We come up with alternative ways of deriving an SD model, giving pros and cons for each alternative and finally we use a simple ORM example to apply the derived concepts. This allows us identify the effects in the procedure and issues that may rise as it is followed (used) from that a conclusion is drawn.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers: Methodes zijn Games. In: .ego, magazine voor informatiemanagement, year 8, 3rd edition, June 2009, p41-3. Asset/SBIT, University of Tilburg. In Dutch.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers and P.J.F. Lucas: Attacking the Knowledge Acquisition Bottleneck through Games-For-Modelling. In: proceedings of AISB’09 workshop “AI and Games”, Edinburgh, April 2009

Abstract: Many model-based methods in AI require some sort of formal representation of knowledge as input. Acquisition of such formal models is either done manually, using a knowledge elicitation and modelling method, or automatically, applying knowledge discovery and machine learning techniques to available data. For the acquisition of highly structured, domain specific knowledge, machine learning techniques still fall short, and knowledge elicitation and modelling is then the standard. However, obtaining formal models from informants who have few or no formal skills is a non-trivial aspect of knowledge acquisition, which can be viewed as an instance of the well-known “knowledge acquisition bottleneck”. In addition, if there are social requirements on knowledge representations, e.g. constructive agreement on concepts and propositions, this poses a further challenge. Based on our work in conceptual modelling and method engineering, we propose to cast methods for knowledge modelling in the framework of games. The resulting games-formodelling approach is illustrated by a number of examples from ongoing projects. Our chief long-term aim is to decrease the threshold for formal knowledge acquisition and modelling

D. (Denis) Ssebuggwawo, S.J.B.A (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A (Erik) Proper: Analyzing a Collaborative Modeling Game. In: Proceedings of the CAiSE'09 Forum at the 21th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 8-12 June 2009. Edited by: Eric Yu, Johann Eder, Colette Rolland. Published on CEUR-WS: 28-May-2009 ONLINE: http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-453/

Abstract: Collaborative modeling can enhance productivity and quality of modeling in system development and enterprise engineering projects by helping to construct agreement and a sense of model ownership among stakeholders/modelers. Some of these stakeholders have relatively low expertise in formal modeling; advanced tools are needed that provide specialized, modeler-oriented support for collaborative modeling. As a basis for future development of such tools, we are carrying out a detailed exploratory study of the interaction between modelers, involving diverse aspects of modeling: goal setting, modeling language concepts, planning, etc. Central in our approach is the study of how collaborative modelers negotiate, set, use, and deal with the various rules/goals governing interactive modeling sessions. We describe the conceptual framework and approach used for our analysis, and present findings from a case study which focuses on the first phases of a session concerning basic Business Process Modeling. We also compare our findings to some existing work.

Eric D. Schabell and S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers Empowering Full Scale Straight Through Processing with BPM In: proceedings of PRET’09: Practice of Enterprise Transformation, Amsterdam, held in conjunction with CAiSE’09, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, June 2009

Abstract: The SNS Bank (the Netherlands) has made a strategic decision to empower her customers on-line by fully automating her business processes. The ability to automate these service channels is achieved by applying Business Process Management (BPM) techniques to existing selling channels. Both the publicly available and internal processes are being revamped into full scale Straight Through Processing (STP) services. This extreme use of on-line STP is the trigger in a shift that is of crucial importance to cost effective banking in an ever turbulent and changing financial world. The key elements used in implementing these goals continue to be (Free) Open Source Software (FOSS), Serviceoriented architecture (SOA), and BPM. In this paper we present an industrial application describing the efforts of SNS Bank to make the change from traditional banking services to a full scale STP and BPM driven bank.

Eric D. Schabell and S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers: A BPM tale from the Financial Crisis front lines. In: L. Fischer (edt.), 2009 BPM and Workflow Handbook. Future Strategies Inc., in association with the Workflow Management Coalition.

Awarded Global Awards for Excellence in BPM & Workflow 2009 -Silver for Europe

Reprinted in: Fisher, L. (edt.): BPM Excellence in Practice 2010, Successful Process Implementation; Award-winning Case Studies in Workflow and Business Process Management. Future Strategies Inc., in association with the Workflow Management Coalition.

Abstract: SNS Bank (the Netherlands) has made a strategic decision to empower her customers on-line by fully automating her business processes. The ability to automate these service channels is achieved by applying Business Process Management (BPM) techniques to existing selling channels. Both the publicly available and internal processes are being revamped into full scale Straight Through Processing (STP) services. This extreme use of online STP is the trigger in a shift that is of crucial importance to cost effective banking in an ever turbulent and changing financial world. The key elements used in implementing these goals continue to be (Free) Open Source Software (FOSS), Service oriented architecture (SOA), and BPM. In this paper we will present an industrial application describing the efforts of the SNS Bank to make the change from traditional banking services to a full scale STP and BPM driven bank that can survive on the Financial Crisis front lines.

S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, H. Weigand, and E.A.J.A. Rouwette: Setting Rules of Play for Collaborative Modelling. In: N. Kock and P. Rittgen, edts., International Journal of e-Collaboration (IJeC), Vol. 5, Issue 4, 2009, p37-52. Special Issue on Collaborative Business Information System Development. IGI Publishing, USA.

Abstract: A game approach to methods and tooling for operational modeling is proposed, emphasizing the interactive and creative collaborative modeling process rather than modeling languages or model representations. The approach builds on existing work in method engineering, but focuses on the creation of model-oriented interactive systems. Various game elements as defined in Game Design Theory are discussed in relation to games-for-modeling. In addition, a number of possible game concepts (like competition, score systems, etc.) are considered, and illustrated by means of two design sketches of multi-player games for collaborative modeling.

2008

P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and J. (Jeroen) Roelofs. Concepts and Strategies for Quality of Modeling. In: T. Halpin, J. Krogstie, and E. Proper: Innovations in Information Systems Modelling, Methods and Best Practices; Chapter IX, p167-89. Advances in Database Research series, IGI Global Publishing, USA, 2008.

Abstract: A process-oriented framework (QoMo) is presented that aims to further the study of analysis and support of processes for modelling. The framework is strongly goal-oriented, and expressed largely by means of formal rules. The concepts in the framework are partly derived from the SEQUAL framework for quality of modelling. A number of modelling goal categories is discussed in view of SEQUAL/QoMo, as well as a formal approach to the description of strategies to help achieve those goals. Finally, a prototype implementation of the framework is presented as an illustration and proof of concept.

Rouwette E.A.J.A., Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. (2008). Collaborative systems modeling and group model building: a useful combination? In Dangerfield, BC. (Ed.) Proceedings System Dynamics Conference Athens, 2008, cd-rom: 1-15. Retrieved November 2008 http://www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/2008/proceed/papers/MCCAR357.pdf

Abstract: Client involvement in modeling is the hallmark of simulation-based methodologies and applied fields such as information systems development and environmental modeling. Unfortunately, comparison of assumptions and exchange of practical guidelines has failed to take place between methodologies and fields of application. We hope to work towards such an exchange by making an initial comparison between collaborative techniques from information systems development and system dynamics. Collaborative systems modeling refers to client involvement in information systems development. The field has decades of experience in developing formal models of business processes and related information structures, and has spawned a range of methods and tools to involve clients in modeling. There is ample evidence concerning the usefulness of alternative approaches. A large part of the literature on group model building covers similar topics. Recent discussions that raised attention in both fields point to further similarities: repeatability of the modeling process (versus dependence on skill of the modeler), quality of modeling and implementation of results. In this paper we explore whether both approaches to client involvement can learn from each other. We look at differences and commonalities between goals, modeling languages, procedures and methods, and tools and techniques.

P. (Fiona) Tulinayo, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A. (Erik) Proper: Integrating System Dynamics with Object-Role Modeling. In: J. Stirna and A. Person (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (PoEM’08), Stockholm, Nov. 2008. IFIP wg 8.1, 2008. In NLBIP 15, p77-85. Berlin: Springer.

Abstract: We put Object-Role Modeling (ORM) to work in the context of the creation of System Dynamics (SD) models. SD focuses on the structure and behavior of systems composed of interacting feedback loops. The art of SD modeling lies in discovering and representing the feedback processes and other elements that determine the dynamics of the system (typically, a process in an organization). However, SD shows a lack of instruments for discovering and expressing precise, language-based concepts in domains. At the same time, the field of conceptual modeling has long since focused on deriving models from natural expressions. We therefore turn to ORM as a prime example of this school of thought to integrate its strong natural language based modeling approach into the creation of SD models. A two-step schema based approach for transforming an ORM domain model into a SD stock and flow diagram is presented. We discuss how typical ORM conceptualization can be linked to SD conceptualization and how such a transformation can be performed. Examples are provided.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Community-based ICT Development as a Multi-Player Game. In: Benoit-Barné, C.; Brummans, B.H.; Cooren, F.; Giroux, H.; Létourneau, A.; Raymond, D.; Robichaud, D. What is an organization? Materiality, agency, and discourse: a tribute to the work of James R. Taylor. Montreal, May, 2008. Dept. of Organizational Communication, University of Montreal.

Abstract: In this paper, we advocate both the metaphorical and practical use of a gaming approach to the analysis, design, and support of the creative, collaborative, yet also strongly constrained processes that lead to formal models for use in ICT system development and business analysis. Making formal (i.e. rationalistic, mathematics-oriented) modeling accessible to people with little or no modeling expertise (i.e. people from the Organizational Participant communities) is becoming an urgent, critical issue in Business-IT alignment. Formal Modeling involves languages aspects (informal-formal language), which is commonly known, but also strong analytic and procedural aspects, which is often ignored in modeling studies and practice. Recent research has led to insights concerning the goal-driven, conversational nature of collaborative modeling processes. Human factors and interaction deserve to be accepted as primary in the study, design, and support (tooling) concerning operational (real-life) formal modeling processes. Taking the gaming approach to operational modeling has a number of advantages, both practical and methodological, and seems a promising context for study and development of methods and (importantly) digital tools for improving and supporting collaborative formal modeling.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, P. van Bommel, and Aki Järvinen. Method Engineering as Game Design: an Emerging HCI Perspective on Methods and CASE Tools. In: Proceedings of EMMSAD’08 (Exploring Modelling Methods for System Analysis and Design), held in conjunction with CAiSE’08. Montpellier, France, June 2008.

Abstract: In the last half decade, there has been increasing interest in the process of information systems modeling, mostly focusing on improvement of quality, efficiency, and control. While generic guidelines and phasing have been explored to a considerable extent, we are still a long way removed from in-depth understanding, full support, and adequate tooling with respect to operational modeling processes. Building on existing work in modeling methods and method engineering, we propose to expand the scope of modeling process research by taking a Human-Computer Interaction approach, viewing (situational) methods and their tool support, in combination with participants in operational process enactment, as an operational interaction system. More in particular, we discuss the merits of using the Game Metaphor as a clarifying and goal-setting view on the design of such interaction systems. Thus we approach Method Engineering as Game Design.

J. Vanthienen, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, R. Laleau (eds.): Proceedings of Workshop on Regulations Modeling and Deployment (ReMoD’08), held in conjunction with CAiSE 2008. CEUR Workshop Proceedings vol. 342, RWTH Aachen.

M.W. (Matthijs) van Roosmalen and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Supporting Corporate Governance with Enterprise Architecture and Business Rule Management: A Synthesis of Stability and Agility. In: J. Vanthienen, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, R. Laleau (eds): Proceedings of Workshop on Regulations Modeling and Deployment (ReMoD’08), held in conjunction with CAiSE 2008. CEUR Workshop Proceedings vol. 342, RWTH Aachen.

Abstract: Business rule management (BRM) and enterprise architecture (EA) both offer support for corporate governance. They do this in different ways, with EA emphasizing a stable framework while BRM offers more agility to the enterprise through control of changing business rules. This paper explores the combination of BRM and EA in deployment to support governance, and argues for a synthesis between the two. Such a synthesis offers an organization the benefits of both stability and overview demanded by regulatory bodies, as well as agility in the face of rapidly changing compliance demands.

2007

P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. On the Use of Object-Role Modeling For Modeling Active Domains. In: Siau, K. (edt.) Research Issues in Systems Analysis and Design, Databases and Software Development. Advances in Database Research series, 2007. IGI Global, USA.

Abstract: This chapter is about how the Object Role Modeling (ORM) language and approach can be used for integration, at a deep and formal level, of various domain modeling representations and viewpoints, with a focus on the modeling of active domains. The authors argue that ORM is particularly suited for enabling such integration because of its generic conceptual nature, its useful, existing connection with natural language and controlled languages, and its formal rigor. They propose the Logbook Paradigm as an effective perspective in active domains modeling and for the derivation of domain grammars. They show how standard ORM can be extended to an Object Role Calculus (ORC), including temporal concepts and constraints that enable the modeling of active domains. A suggestion for graphical representation is also provided. The authors hope to contribute to integration of domain models and viewpoints in an academic and educational context rather than proposing ORM and ORC as new modeling tools in an industrial setting.

P. van Bommel, P. Buitenbuis, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Architecture Principles -- A Regulative Perspective on Enterprise Architecture. In: Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISA2007), Lecture Notes in Informatics, Vol: 119, Pages: 47-60, Gesellschaft fur Informatik, Bonn, Germany, EU, 2007.

Abstract: Increasingly, organizations make use of enterprise architectures to direct the development of the enterprise as a whole and its IT portfolio in particular. In this paper we investigate the regulative nature of enterprise architecture. We aim to develop a fundamental understanding of the regulative needs that underly an enterprise architecture, and then take these needs as a starting point to arrive at requirements on the language (architecture principles) used to denote enterprise architectures. We furthermore discuss the process of formulating principles as well as their semantics.

Koen .V. Hindriks, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, Catholijn M. Jonker, and Dmytro Tykhonov. Automatic Issue Extraction from a Focused Dialogue. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB`07), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, June, 2007.

Abstract: Various methodologies for structuring the process of domain modeling have been proposed, but there are few software tools that provide automatic support for the process of constructing a domain model. The problem is that it is hard to extract the relevant concepts from natural language texts since these typically include many irrelevant details that are hard to discern from relevant concepts. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to extract domain models from natural language input. The idea is that more effective, automatic extraction is possible from a natural language text that is produced in a focused dialogue game. We present an application of this idea in the area of pre-negotiation, in combination with sophisticated parsing and transduction techniques for natural language and fairly simple pattern matching rules. Furthermore, a prototype is presented of a conversation-oriented experimentation environment for cooperative conceptualization. Several experiments have been performed to evaluate the approach and environment, and a technique for measuring the quality of extraction has been defined. The experiments indicate that even with a simple implementation of the proposed approach reasonably acceptable results can be obtained

P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. QoMo: A Modelling Process Quality Framework based on SEQUAL. In: Workshop proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering: EMMSAD, Vol: 1, Pages: 121-130, June, 2007.

Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the area of conceptual model quality assessment and improvement. We present a preliminary modelling process-oriented ‘Quality of Modelling’ framework (QoMo), mainly based on the estab-lished SEQUAL framework for quality of models. QoMo is based on knowl-edge state transitions, cost of the activities bringing such transitions about, and a goal structure for activities-for-modelling. Such goals are directly linked to concepts of SEQUAL. We discuss how goals for modelling can be linked to a rule-based way of describing processes for modelling. Such process descrip-tions hinge on strategy descriptions, which may be used descriptively (for studying/analysing real instances of processes) as well as prescriptively (for the guiding of modelling processes). Descriptive utility of the framework is critical for the quality/evaluation angle on processes-for-modelling, and reflects the main intended contribution of this paper.

G.J.N.M. (Guido) Chorus, Y.H.C. (Yves) Janse, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, C.J.P. (Chris) Nellen, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Formalizing Architecture Principles using Object-Role Modelling. Technical report: ICIS-R07006, February, 2007.

Abstract: This technical report is the result of two experiments conducted as part of an ongoing research effort to formalize architecture principles. The experiment involves a first, and modest, evaluation of the use of ORM and ORC as a means to formalize and ground architecture principles. The experiments involve the evaluation of the use of ORM and ORC to formalize the example principles provided by the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) and principles taken from industrial practice.

2006

P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide: Exploring Modelling Strategies in a Meta-modelling Context. In: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero: OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters 2006, Montpellier, France, Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 4278

Abstract: We are concerned with a core aspect of the processes of obtaining conceptual models. We view such processes as information gathering dialogues, in which strategies may be followed (possibly, imposed) in order to achieve certain modelling goals. Many goals and strategies for modelling can be distinguished, but the current discussion concerns meta-model driven strategies, aiming to fulfil modelling goals or obligations that are the direct result of meta-model choices (i.e. the chosen modelling language). We provide a rule-based conceptual framework for capturing strategies for modelling, and give examples based on a simplified version of the Object Role Modelling (ORM) meta-model. We discuss strategy rules directly related to the meta-model, and additional procedural rules. We indicate how the strategies may be used to dynamically set a modelling agenda. Finally, we describe a generic conceptual structure for a strategy catalog.

P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. On the use of Object-Role Modelling to Model Active Domains. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Exploring Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD`06), held in conjunctiun with the 18th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2006 (CAiSE 2006), Pages: 473-484, June, 2006, ISBN 9782870375259.

Abstract: Conceptual modelling methods such as Object-Role Modelling (ORM) have traditionally been developed with the aim of providing conceptual models of database structures. More recently, however, such modelling languages have shown their use for modelling (the ontology) of domains in general. In these latter cases, the modelling effort results in a (formally based) conceptual reasoning systems using a domain calculus on top of a domain grammar. ORM is a member of a family of modelling methods with a well-defined and explicit way of working based on natural language analysis. Their natural language grounding aids in model validation, while their explicit way of working contributes to the repeatability of modelling processes. As the title suggests, this paper is primarily concerned with the application of ORM `rigour

P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. Giving Meaning to Enterprise Architectures - Architecture Principles with ORM and ORC. In: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero: OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters 2006, Montpellier, France, Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 4278

Abstract: Rule-driven systems development emphasizes the use of formalized, declarative rules for the mainstay of its models. The basic underlying techniques are decades old, but now their application, that used to concern only operational system and process definition (business logic, data structure) is being extended to much higher-level items such as policies and architecture principles (we focus on the latter here). When using ORM and Object Role Calculus (ORC) for formal modelling of architecture principles, the underlying logical principles of the techniques may lead to better insight into the rational structure of the principles. Thus, apart from successful formalization, the quality of the principles as such can be improved. We provide some examples and discussion based on the analysis of principles taken from the The Open Group's Architecture Framework (TOGAF).

H.A. Proper, P. van Bommel, S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers, and Th.P. van der Weide. A Fundamental View on the Act of Modeling. In J. Kizza, J. Aisbett, A. Vince, and T. Wanyama, editors, Advances in Systems Modelling and ICT Applications, volume 2 of Special topics in computing and ICT research, Kampala, Uganda, August 2006. Fountain Publishers, Kampala, Uganda.

Abstract: This paper is part of an ongoing research effort to better understand the role of models and modeling in the information system development life-cycle. During this life-cycle, several models are produced, ranging from high level sketches, via conceptual models to source code. This paper is part of an ongoing research effort to better understand the act of modeling. We describe a formal framework by which the process of modeling can be regarded as involving the selection of more and more refined interpretations in terms of the underlying meta-model of the modeling language used. The resulting framework will be used to create a laboratory setup in which we can consequently more closely study (and support) modeling processes.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, L. (Leonie) Lindeman, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Capturing Modeling Processes - Towards the MoDial Modeling Laboratory. In: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero: OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters 2006, Montpellier, France, Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 4278

Abstract: This paper is part of an ongoing research effort to better understand the process of conceptual modeling. As part of this effort, we are currently developing a modeling laboratory named MoDial (Modeling Dialogues). The main contribution of this paper is a conceptual meta-model of that part of MoDial which aims to capture the elicitation aspects of the modeling process used in creating a model, rather than the model as such.The current meta-model is the result of a two-stage research process. The first stage involves theoretical input from literature and earlier results. The second stage is concerned with (modest) empirical validation in terms of interviews with modeling experts.

2005

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, A.I. Bleeker, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Facing the Conceptual Complexities in Business Domain Modeling. In: Computing Letters, Nr: 2, Vol: 1, pp59-68, 2005.

Abstract: The paper focuses on business domain modeling as part of requirements engineering in software development projects. Domain modeling concerns obtaining and modeling the language (concepts, terminologies; ontologies) used by stakeholders to talk about a domain. Achieving conceptual clarity and consensus among stakeholders is an important yet often neglected part of requirements engineering. Domain modeling can play a key role in supporting it. This does, however, require a nuanced approach to language aspects of domain modeling as well as ambition management concerning its goals, and the procedure followed. We provide an analysis of the linguistic complexities involved, as well as of various levels of ambition concerning the domain modeling process. On top of the ''classic'' approach to modeling singular, stable domains, we distinguish aspects like incremental modeling, modeling of multiple terminologies within a domain, and domain evolution; we will elaborate on the first two aspects.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and V.E. van Reijswoud. Navigating the Methodology Jungle - The communicative role of modelling techniques in information system development. In: Computing Letters, Nr: 3, Vol: 1, pp97-106, 2005.

Abstract: In this position paper, we claim that more attention should be paid to the communicative role of modelling techniques in information system development. The communicative role of a modelling technique refers to it providing a language for communication between the different actors involved in system development, about particular aspects of the system being developed.

H.A. (Erik) Proper, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and G.E. Veldhuijzen van Zanten. Communication of Enterprise Architectures. In: Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modelling, Communication and Analysis, Berlin, Germany, EU, Edited by: M.M. Lankhorst. Pages: 67-82, Springer, 2005, ISBN 3540243712.

R.J. Slagter, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, M.M. Lankhorst, and J. Campschroer. Guidelines for Modelling. In: Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modelling, Communication and Analysis, Berlin, Germany, EU, Edited by: M.M. Lankhorst. Pages: 115-146, Springer, 2005, ISBN 3540243712.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. A Fundamental View on the Process of Conceptual Modeling. In: Conceptual Modeling - ER 2005 - 24 International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3716, Pages: 128-143, June, 2005, ISBN 3540293892.

Abstract: In an ongoing effort to better understand the process of creating conceptual models (in particular formal ones), we present a fundamental view of the process of modeling. We base this view on the idea that participants in such a process are involved in a deliberate and goal-driven effort to share and reconcile representations of their personal conceptions of (parts of) the world. This effort takes the shape of a modeling dialogue, involving the use of controlled language. We thus take a fundamental approach to subjective aspects of modeling, as opposed to traditional approaches which essentially consider models as objective entities. We position and present our initial theory of modeling, and briefly discuss how we intend to validate and further develop it.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. Understanding the Requirements on Modelling Techniques. In: 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE 2005, Porto, Portugal, EU, Edited by: O. Pastor, and J. Falcao e Cunha. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3520, Pages: 262-276, June, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540260951.

Abstract: The focus of this paper is not on the requirements of an information system to be developed, but rather on the requirements that apply to the modelling techniques used during information system development. We claim that in past and present, many information systems modelling techniques have been developed without a proper understanding of the requirements that follow from the development processes in which these techniques are to be used. This paper provides a progress report on our research e.orts to obtain a fundamental understanding of the requirements mentioned. We discuss the underlying research issues, the research approach we use, the way of thinking (weltanschauung) that will be employed in finding the answers, and some first results.

H.A. (Erik) Proper, A.A. Verrijn-Stuart, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Towards Utility-based Selection of Architecture-Modelling Concepts. In: Proceedings of the Second Asia-Pacific Conference on Conceptual Modelling (APCCM2005), Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, Edited by: S. Hartmann, and M. Stumptner. Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Vol: 42, Pages: 25-36, January, Australian Computer Society, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2005, ISBN 1920682252.

Abstract: In this paper we are concerned with the principles underlying the utility of modelling concepts, in particular in the context of architecture-modelling. Firstly, some basic concepts are discussed, in particular the relation between information, language, and modelling. Our primary area of application is the modelling of enterprise architectures and information system architectures, where the selection of concepts used to model different aspects very much depends on the specific concerns that need to be addressed. The approach is illustrated by a brief review of the relevant aspects of two existing frameworks for modelling of (software intensive) information systems and their architectures.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. Fact Calculus: Using ORM and Lisa-D to Reason About Domains. In: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM Workshops - OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, EU, Edited by: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3762, Pages: 720-729, October/November, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540297391.

Abstract: We propose to use ORM and Lisa-D as means to formally reason about domains. Conceptual rule languages such as Lisa-D, RIDL and ConQuer allow for the specification of rules in a semi-natural language format that can more easily be understood by domain experts than languages such as predicate calculus, Z or OCL. If one would indeed be able to reason about properties of domains in terms of Lisa-D expressions, then this reasoning would be likely to be better accessible to people without a background in formal mathematics, such as "the average" domain expert. A potential application domain for such reasoning would be the field of business rules. If we can reason about business rules formulated in a semi-natural language format, the formal equivalence of (sets of) business rules (i.e. various paraphrasings) can be discussed with domain experts in a language and a fashion that is familiar to them.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. (Theo) van der Weide. Formal Modelling as a Grounded Conversation. In: G. Goldkuhl, M. Lind, and S. Haraldson, editors, Proceedings of the 10th International Working Conference on the Language Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP‘05), pages 139–155, Kiruna, Sweden, EU, June 2005. Linköpings Universitet and Hogskolan I Boras, Linköping, Sweden, EU.

Abstract: As part of an ongoing, broader theoretical study concerning a communication/conversation perspective on information system development, we focus in this paper on a specific sort of conversation in IS modelling: conversations for formal modelling, which are to bridge the gap between informal (NL-based) and formal (mathematics-based) representations and interpretations. We provide a communication-based analysis of the formal modelling process, and discuss why it is crucial that the (formal) structures in the various kinds of models are somehow grounded in the structures of agreement/commitment that underly the development conversations. We explain how looking at modelling as communicative behaviour may help achieve grounded models, thereby improving their validity in context.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. Towards explicit strategies for modeling. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluating Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD`05), held in conjunctiun with the 17th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2005 (CAiSE 2005), Edited by: T.A. Halpin, K. Siau, and J. Krogstie. Pages: 485-492, FEUP, Porto, Portugal, EU, Porto, Portugal, EU, 2005, ISBN 9727520774.

Abstract: We present an initial framework resulting from our ongoing research concerning modelling strategies. Our approach is rooted in a subjectivist, communication-based view on modelling. Under this approach, models are viewed as the result of modelling dialogues, which are a specialized sub-type of the diverse conversations that constitute a system development conversation at large. By focussing on the process of modelling instead of properties of models or modelling languages, we expect, eventually, to be able to better understand and deal with some currently problematic aspects of modelling, in particular model validation in context. We sketch plans for an environment for studying modelling conversations and strategies.

H.A. (Erik) Proper, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and Th.P. van der Weide. A Fact-Oriented Approach to Activity Modeling. In: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM Workshops - OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, EU, Edited by: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3762, Pages: 666-675, October/November, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540297391.

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the idea of using an ORM model as a starting point to derive an activity model, essentially providing an activity view on the original ORM model. When producing an ORM model of an inherently active domain, the resulting ORM model can provide an appropriate base to start out from. We will illustrate this basic idea by means of a running example. Much work remains to be done, but the results so-far look promissing.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, Th.P. van der Weide, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Dealing with Uncertainty in Information Modelling. Technical report: ICIS-R05013, Institute for Information and Computing Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, EU, 2005.

Abstract: We present ongoing research concerning a communication-based approach to information modelling. The general goal of our research is to understand and support (contextualized) modelling dialogues rather than the models that result from these dialogues or the modelling languages in which the models are expressed. We take the point of view that information modelling dialogues are subject to the same kinds of uncertainty that occur in any communication between human agents. This uncertainty is for a large part due to the contextualized nature of information models. By focusing on dialogues and guiding them through strategies for dealing with uncertainty, we hope to achieve better, properly contextualized, information models. We present an analysis of uncertainty in information modelling, and give an example of a viable approach to one particular type of uncertainty reduction in information modelling. We work towards a functional design for an interactive modelling environment for testing our theories.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and Th.P. van der Weide. Fundamental Understanding of the Act of Modelling. Technical report: ICIS-R05006, January, Radboud University Nijmegen, 2005.

Abstract: In an ongoing effort to better understand the process of creating models (in particular formal ones), we present a fundamental view of the process of modelling. We base this view on the idea that participants in such a process are involved in a deliberate and goal-driven effort to share and reconcile representations of their personal conceptions of (parts of) the world. This effort takes the shape of a modelling dialogue, involving the useof controlled language. We thus take a fundamental approach to subjective aspects of modelling, as opposed to traditional approaches which essentially consider models asobjective entities. We describe our core theory, explain why it is proposed, and briefly discuss how we intend to validate and further develop our theory of modelling.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and A.I. Bleeker. Modelleertalen als communicatiemiddel in architectuurprocessen. In: Informatie & Architectuur, Nr: 1, Vol: 1, Pages: 4-6, 2005, In Dutch.

Abstract: Binnen architectuurprocessen worden diverse modelleertalen gebruikt voor het vastleggen van en communiceren over architectuurbeschrijvingen. Voor de hand liggende voorbeelden van dit soort modelleertalen zijn UML, Testbed en de ArchiMate taal. Echter, natuurlijke taal, powerpointplaatjes met uitleg, etc., worden in de praktijk minstens even veel gebruikt voor dit soort doeleinden. Deze laatste vormen beschouwen wij daarom explicit ook als modelleertalen. Het verschil is hierbij dat bij talen zoals UML de syntactische vrijheid erg is ingeperkt, terwijl bijvoorbeeld in natuurlijke taal, of bij vrij geschetste illustraties, deze vrijheid een stuk groter is.

2004

H. Jonkers, M.M. Lankhorst, R. van Buuren, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, M. Bonsangue, and L. van der Torre. Concepts for Modeling Enterprise Architectures. In: International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, Nr: 3, Vol: 13, Pages: 257-288, 2004.

Abstract: A coherent description of an enterprise architecture provides insight, enables communication among stakeholders and guides complicated change processes. Unfortunately, so far no enterprise architecture description language exists that fully enables integrated enterprise modelling, because for each architectural domain, architects use their own modelling techniques and concepts, tool support, visualisation techniques, etc. In this paper we outline such an integrated language and we identify and study concepts that relate architectural domains. In our language concepts for describing the relationships between architecture descriptions at the business, application, and technology levels play a central role, related to the ubiquitous problem of business�IT alignment, whereas for each architectural domain we conform to existing languages or standards such as UML. In particular, usage of services offered by one layer to another plays an important role in relating the behaviour aspects of the layers. The structural aspects of the layers are linked through the interface concept, and the information aspects through realisation relations.

G.E. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. System Development as a Rational Communicative Process. In: Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Nr: 4, Vol: 2, pp47-51. International Institute of Informatics and Systemics (IIIS), 2004.

Abstract: System development is a process in which communication plays an important role. Requirements must be elicited from various stakeholders. But stakeholders also make decisions and must understand the consequences thereof. Different viewpoints must be reconciled, and agreements reached. An important assumption we make is that all actions in the development process are (or should be) based on rational decisions. The quest for rationality is a driving force behind the communication that takes place within the development process, because it raises issues that may otherwise have remained in the subconsciousness of stakeholders. We zoom in on the role of vagueness in communication, and argue that there are good reasons not to try and formalize things too soon in the development process. The purpose of this paper is to position our ongoing research, encourage discussion about the assumptions we make, and inspire novel approaches to system development. We work towards a comprehensive theory of rational system development, in which due attention is paid to development processes, communication, and the representations used therein.

A.I. Bleeker, H.A. (Erik) Proper, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. The Role of Concept Management in System Development - A practical and a theoretical perspective. In: Forum proceedings of the 16th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2004 (CAiSE 2004), Riga, Latvia, EU, Edited by: J. Grabis, A. Persson, and J. Stirna. Pages: 73-82, June, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Riga, Latvia, EU, 2004, ISBN 998497670X.

Abstract: In this article we argue the need for proper concept management during the development of software systems. It is observed how, during system development, a lot of ``concept handling'' occurs without proper management. We define concept management as the deliberate activity of introducing, evolving and retiring concepts. It is argued that concept management plays an important role during the entire system development life cycle. The notion of concept management is discussed and elaborated from both a theoretical perspective and a practical perspective. The latter perspective considers concept management in the context of the software development practice of a Dutch IT consultancy firm.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. A Communicative Perspective on Second Order Information Systems. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics and Cybernetics, Baden-Baden, Germany, Edited by: G.E. Lasker. IIAS, 2004.

Abstract: We discuss our preliminary efforts to create a generic theoretical model of the socio-technical (information) systems that produce information systems (i.e. of second order information systems). We emphasize the importance of communication, language, and meta-language as factors in information system development processes and systems. Central are conversations related to the specification of information systems. Such conversations typically concern both formal and informal specification, and involve conceptual activities such as creation, adaptation, elicitation, informing, negotiation, validation, and committing. An integrated part of every specification process are conversations for conceptualization.

H.A. (Erik) Proper, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Concept Evolution in Information System Evolution. In: Forum proceedings of the 16th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2004 (CAiSE 2004), Riga, Latvia, EU, Riga, Latvia, EU, Edited by: J. Gravis, A. Persson, and J. Stirna. Pages: 63-72, June, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Riga, Latvia, EU, 2004, ISBN 998497670X.

Abstract: We look at the evolution of information systems from the perspective of the evolution of domain languages. Many analysis and design approaches for information systems base themselves on techniques involving some sort of natural language analysis. However, the view on language underlying these approaches ignores several issues concerning the nature of language. We discuss these issues, against the background of a more linguistically viable version of the standard notion of `universe of discourse', and the notion of `environment of discourse'. We finish by sketching a direction for tackling some of the problems indicated and some initial results, centring round better organised communication about concepts (`linguistic meta-communication' and `conceptualisation').

H.A. (Erik) Proper, A.I. Bleeker, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Object-Role Modelling as a Domain Modelling Approach. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluating Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD`04), held in conjunctiun with the 16th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2004 (CAiSE 2004),, Edited by: J. Grundspenkis, and M. Kirikova. Vol: 3, Pages: 317-328, June, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Riga, Latvia, EU, 2004, ISBN 9984976718.

Abstract: This paper focuses on the potential role of the Object-Role Modeling (ORM) approach to information modeling for the task of domain modeling. Domain modeling concerns obtaining and modeling the language (concepts, terminologies, ontologies) used by stakeholders to talk about a domain. Achieving conceptual clarity and consensus among stakeholders is an important yet often neglected part of system development, and requirements engineering in particular. This paper starts out with a brief discussion on the importance of domain modeling in system development. This is followed by an outline of the activities involved in proper domain modeling. We will then discuss why the ORM approach is, in principle, a good candidate for the tasks involved in domain modeling. This is further substantiated by a more detailed evaluation, both from a theoretical and a practical perspective.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, A.I. Bleeker, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Modeling Linguistically Complex Business Domains. Technical report: NIII-R0405, January, Radboud University Nijmegen, 2004.

Abstract: The paper focuses on business domain modeling as part of requirements engineering in software development projects. Domain modeling concerns obtaining and modeling the language (concepts, terminologies, ontologies) used by stakeholders to talk about a domain. Archieving conceptual clarityand consensus among stakeholders is an important yet often neglected part of requirements engineering. Domain modeling can play a key role in supporting it. This does, however, require a nuanced approach to language aspects of domain modeling as well as ambition management concerning its goals, and the procedure followed. We provide an analysis of the linguistic complexities involved, as well as of various levels of ambition concerning the domain modeling process. On top of the ""classic"" approach to modeling of multiple terminologies within a domain, and domain evolution, we will elaborate on the first two aspects.

2003

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Freezing Language; Conceptualisation processes across ICT supported organisations. PhD Thesis, University of Nijmegen. December 2003, ISBN 9090173188.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Towards Improved Mechanisms for Communication about Language in Information Systems. , Edited by: G.E. Lasker, and A. Zgrzywa. Pages: 11-15, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 2003

H. Jonkers, G.E. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, R. van Buuren, F. Arbab, F. de Boer, M. Bonsangue, H. Bosma, H. ter Doest, L. Groenewegen, J. Guillen Scholten, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, M.-E. Iacob, W. Janssen, M.M. Lankhorst, D. van Leeuwen, H.A. (Erik) Proper, A. Stam, and L. van der Torre. Towards a Language for Coherent Enterprise Architecture Descriptions. In: 7th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC 2003), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Edited by: M. Steen, and B.R. Bryant. Pages: 28-39, September, IEEE, Los Alamitos, California, USA, 2003, ISBN 0769519946.

Abstract: A coherent description of an enterprise architecture provides insight, enables communication among stakeholders and guides complicated change processes. Unfortunately, so far no enterprise architecture description language exists that fully enables integrated enterprise modelling, because for each architectural domain, architects use their own modelling techniques and concepts, tool support, visualisation techniques, etc. In this paper we outline such an integrated language and we identify and study concepts that relate architectural domains. In our language concepts for describing the relationships between architecture descriptions at the business, application, and technology levels play a central role, related to the ubiquitous problem of business-IT alignment, whereas for each architectural domain we conform to existing languages or standards such as UML. In particular, usage of services offered by one layer to another plays an important role in relating the behaviour aspects of the layers. The structural aspects of the layers are linked through the interface concept, and the information aspects through realisation relations.

G.E. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. System Development as a Rational Communicative Process. In: Proceedings of the 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Edited by: N. Callaos, D. Farsi, M. Eshagian-Wilner, T. Hanratty, and N. Rish. Vol: XVI, Pages: 126-130, July, 2003, ISBN 9806560019.

Abstract: System development is a process in which communication plays an important role. Requirements must be elicited from various stakeholders. But stakeholders also make decisions and must understand the consequences thereof. Different viewpoints must be reconciled, and agreements reached. An important assumption we make is that all actions in the development process are (or should be) based on rational decisions. The quest for rationality is a driving force behind the communication that takes place within the development process, because it raises issues that may otherwise have remained in the subconsciousness of stakeholders. We zoom in on the role of vagueness in communication, and argue that there are good reasons not to try and formalize things too soon in the development process. The purpose of this paper is to position our ongoing research, encourage discussion about the assumptions we make, and inspire novel approaches to system development. We work towards a comprehensive theory of rational system development, in which due attention is paid to development processes, communication, and the representations used therein.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H. Weigand. Conceptualisation Support for Language Development. Technical report: NIII-R0314, May, Radboud University Nijmegen, 2003.

Abstract: Conceptualisation, or the development of Conceptual Models, can be performed for several reasons. One important goal nowadays is to support communication systems. A communication system aims at supporting communication in or between organizations and is typically supportes by IT. It is based on some language that must be developed and agreed upon first, and must be adapted or redeveloped when changes in the environment occur. Conceptualisation as part of language development becomes more an more a continuous effort. This paper introduces a phased model for the conceptualisation process. It discusses which techniques are useful in which phase and which ones can be applied in a continuous conceptualisation effort.

2002

H.A. (Erik) Proper, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Information System Evolution as Language Evolution. Technical report: NIII-R0205, Nijmegen Institute for Information and Computing Sciences, University of Nijmegen, 2002.

Abstract: In this article we look at the evolution of information systems from the perspective of the evolution of domain languages, and provide a report on some of our ongoing research activities. Many if not all analysis and design approaches for information systems base themselves on techniques involving some sort of natural language analysis. However, the view on language underlying these approaches ignores several issues concerning the nature of language. This article primarily aims to create awareness for the issues at play, and argues that current approaches ignore most of them. We finish by presenting an overview of our research efforts concerning the tackling of the matters discussed.

2001

J.J. Sarbo, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and J.I. Farkas. Towards thought as a logical picture of signs. In: International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems, Vol: 8, Pages: 1-16, 2001.

Abstract: We are concerned with the problem of summarising the content of a coherent text. In this paper we argue that complex units of symbols like sentences, for example, are signs and the meaning of a text arises via their interaction. We introduce a model for the generation of summaries and illustrate its potential by a realistic example.

R.D.T. Janssen, H.A. (Erik) Proper, H. Bosma, D. Verhoef, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. Developing an Architecture Method Library. Technical report, January, Ordina Institute, Gouda, The Netherlands, EU, 2001.

Abstract: Today, there are millions of professionals worldwide acting as a designer, architect or engineer in the design, realization, and implementation of information systems. At this moment there is no well established and clearly identified body of knowledge that defines their profession in a 'standard' way. In this article, we This article discusses a conceptual framework for architecture-driven information system development. Rather than defining a completely new framework, the conceptual framework is synthesized out of relevant pre-existing frameworks for system development and architecture. Before discussing the actual framework, we briefly discuss the necessity for an architecture-driven approach to system development.

2000

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. A Functionalist Approach to Conceptualisation. In: Proceedings of the Language Action Perspective workshop 2000, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany, EU, 2000.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H. Weigand. Meta-communication in the Language Action Perspective. In: Proceedings of the Language Action Perspective workshop 2000, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany, EU, 2000.

H.A. (Erik) Proper, H. Bosma, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and R.D.T. Janssen. An Alignment Perspective on Architecture-driven Information Systems Engineering. In: Proceedings of the Second National Architecture Congres, Edited by: D.B.B. Rijsenbrij. November, 2000.

Abstract: This article provides a discussion on architecture-driven information systems engineering from a Business-IT alignment perspective. We do so by trying to develop a more fundamental understanding of the essence of Business-IT alignment. We try to find this understanding by viewing Business-IT alignment as the alignment between two co-evolving systems. An alignment that should take place at the strategic, the tactical as well as the operational level of these systems.

H.A. (Erik) Proper, H. Bosma, S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and R.D.T. Janssen. Towards an Information Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge. In: Proceedings of the Second National Architecture Congres, Edited by: D.B.B. Rijsenbrij. November, 2000.

Abstract: Though there may be millions of professionals worldwide acting as a designer, architect, or engineer in the design, realisation, and implementation of information systems, there is not yet a well established and clearly identified body of knowledge that can be said to define the profession. In this article, we present the idea of developing an information systems engineering body of knowledge. Such a body of knowledge could play a pivotal role in the further professionalisation of our discipline. The approach we take is an organic approach in which we first aim to gather a library with significant knowledge, demarcating the field, and then move on to integrate this into a consistent body of knowledge. We also realise that this effort can not be done in isolation. This article should therefore also be regarded as an invitation for additional participants.

1999

Weigand, H., Hoppenbrouwers, S., & Moor, A. de (1999). The context of conversations: Text and communities. In G. Goldkuhl, M. Lind, U. Seigerroth, & P. Agerfalk (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Language Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP '99) (pp. 1-14). Sweden: Jonkoping International Business School.

S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers, and H.A. (Erik) Proper. Knowledge Discovery - De zoektocht naar verhulde en onthulde kennis. In: DB/Magazine, Nr: 7, Vol: 10, Pages: 21-25, November, 1999, In Dutch.

Abstract: Menigeen zal bij het woord knowledge discovery wellicht denken aan technologieën zoals search engines, agent technologie, mining tools, meta-data standaarden, query talen/protocollen, etc. Naar onze mening bestaat knowledge discovery, net als kennismanagement, echter uit beduidend meer dan de onderliggende technologie. In dit artikel benaderen we knowledge discovery om deze redenen dan ook juist vanuit een conceptueel perspectief. Het eerste doel van dit artikel is het verkrijgen van een beter begrip van knowledge discovery. Wat is het precies en wat kan ik ermee? Dit zullen we doen door referentie modellen op te stellen (in termen van een paradigma) die de essentiële mechanismen achter knowledge discovery op een conceptueel niveau weergeven. Deze referentiemodellen kunnen vervolgens tevens gebruikt worden om verschillende voor knowledge discovery relevante technologieën te positioneren: Waar past wat? Op basis van de referentiemodellen en de link naar de onderliggende technologie, kan een applicatiearchitect vervolgens knowledge discovery toepassingen ontwerpen en inpassen in bestaande applicatiearchitecturen.

Hoppenbrouwers, J.J.A.C., van den Heuvel, W.J., Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A., Weigand, H., and de Troyer, O. The Grammalizer: a case Tool Based on Textual Analysis. Unpublished paper, University of Tilburg. 1999.

Abstract: This paper describes the design considerations and implementation of the Grammalizer, an upper case tool for textual analysis of domain description documents. Based on morphosyntactic natural language analysis, the Grammalizer helps to build a conceptual model of the domain described in a text. The system consists of a highly flexible collection of true client-server modules, and can be easily reconfigured to support changes in working environment or conceptual modeling paradigm.

1998

Weigand, H., & Hoppenbrouwers, S. (1998). Experiences with a multilingual ontology-based lexicon for news filtering. In R.R. Wagner (Ed.), Proceedings DEXA '98 (pp. 160-165). Los Alamitos, California: IEEE Press.

Weigand, H., & Hoppenbrouwers, S. (1998). The dynamic lexicon from a functional perspective. In H. Olbertz, K. Hengeveld, & J. Sanchez Garcia (Eds.), The Structure of the Lexicon in Functional Grammar (pp. 279-300). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (Studies in Language Companion, 43)

1997

J.J.A.C. Hoppenbrouwers, B. van der Vos, and S.J.B.A. (Stijn) Hoppenbrouwers. NL Structures and Conceptual Modelling: Grammalizing for KISS. In: Data & Knowledge Engineering, Nr: 1, Vol: 23, Pages: 79-92, 1997.

Abstract: As conceptual models are both the result of and subject to communication between domain experts and information analysist, it is of the highest importance to explicitly relate conceptual models to the language in which they are communicated. To achieve this, we identify a set of semantic primitives in a suitable conceptual modelling framework and present the prototype of a knowledge extraction tool which helps analysts to find useful primitives in free natural language texts. In addition we suggest possible extensions of the presented approach to other phases of conceptual modelling.

Master's Thesis Mees Spaan

OMIT Tool