Engineering Physics, I/II Sem, SIT, Tumkuru
Engineering Physics, I/II Sem, SIT, Tumkuru
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
(Common to all branches of B.E I/II Sem)
Sub Code: 1 RPHY
Credits: 04
Contact Hrs / Week: 03 (L)
CIE Marks: 50
Total Lecture Hours: 38
SEE Marks: 50
UNIT-I: ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS - 8 hrs
Review of Stress and strain, Hooke’s law, Different types of elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio (a: longitudinal strain per unit stress, b: lateral strain per unit stress). Relation between elastic constants (Y, n, K and s). Theoretical and practical limits of Poisson’s ratio. Bending of beams, Bending moment of a beam (no derivation) and its application in I – shaped girders, Cantilever loaded at the free end - expression for Young’s modulus. Experimental determination of Young’s modulus of the material of the beam by single cantilever method. Torsional couple per unit twist of the cylinder. Torsional pendulum - expression for rigidity modulus. Experimental determination of the rigidity modulus of wire. Numerical problems.
UNIT-II: LASERS AND OPTICAL FIBERS - 8 hrs
Lasers: Concept of induced absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission. Expression for energy density in terms of Einstein’s coefficients and discussions. Requisites of lasers. Condition for laser action. Construction and working of laser sources: HE-Ne laser, applications of laser: drilling, welding, cutting, and measurement of pollutants in atmosphere.
Optical fibers: Working principle, structure of optical fiber, expression for numerical aperture, modes of propagation, classification of fibers, fiber loss and mechanisms for fiber loss (qualitative). Block diagram and discussion of point-to-point optical communication, advantages and disadvantages, Numerical problems.
UNIT-III: Quantum Mechanics - 7 hrs
Introduction to quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, Concept of phase and group velocities. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: statement, equations, explanation and significance. Wave function its significance and properties. Schrödinger’s wave equation: Setting up of time independent Schrödinger’s wave equation. Applications: Free particle, Particle in a potential well of infinite height. Finite potential barrier (qualitative) and tunneling effect with examples (STM & Tunnel diode). Numerical problems.
UNIT-IV: MATERIAL SCIENCE - 8 hrs
Electrical conductivity of metals: Review of free electron theory of metals. Quantum free electron theory of metals – assumptions, drift velocity, relaxation time, collision time, electrical conductivity in terms of collision time and mobility of electrons (no derivation), Fermi energy, Fermi velocity, Fermi temperature. Relation between Fermi energy and resistivity of the metal. Experimental determination of Fermi energy of copper by four-point probe method. Fermi factor-dependency of Fermi factor on temperature and energy of the electron in the metal. Significance of Fermi energy, Numerical problems.
Dielectric materials: Polar and non-polar dielectrics, polarization, dielectric susceptibility, dielectric constant, dielectric polarisability. Types of polarization in dielectric materials (qualitative), Expression for internal fields in a solid, Clausius-Mossotti equation. Applications of dielectric materials: in capacitor, in transformer. Numerical problems.
UNIT-V: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS AND SHOCK WAVES - 7 hrs
Semiconductor physics: Classification of solids based on the formation of bands due to splitting of energy levels at equilibrium inter-nuclear distance: metal (Na & Mg), insulator(diamond) and semiconductor (Si and Ge). Concept of holes, doping and impurity levels in semiconductors, Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor. Expression for electrical conductivity for intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor. Hall Effect, Expression for Hall coefficient, Applications of Hall effect, Numerical problems.
Shock waves: Mach number, distinctions between – acoustic, ultrasonic, subsonic, transonic and supersonic waves. Shock waves characteristics and applications. Methods of producing shock waves- Reddy shock tube and its characterization by experimental technique. Numerical problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics, 8th edition, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2021.
2. R. K. Gaur and S. L. Gupta, Engineering Physics, Dhanpath Rai and Sons, New Delhi, 2016.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hitendra K. Singh and a. k. singh, Engineering Physics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2010.
2. Marikani, Engineering Physics, 2nd Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi., 2014
3. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 6th edition, Tata McGraw Hill Ltd., New Delhi, 1998.
4. M. N. Avadhanulu and P. G. Kshirsagar, Engineering Physics, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi
5. K. Ghatak and Thyagarajan, Optical Electronics, Cambridge University Press (UK), 1989.
6. Chintoo S. Kumar, K. Takayama and K. P. J. Reddy, Shock Waves Made Simple, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2014.