OOPS Concept

When you are learning java programming. OOPs is first word which you need to deeply understand. OOP is simple meaning Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). As you can understand by name , OOPs is kind of programming concepts which based on Object.

In simple word, OOP is a programming paradigm or a specific way of designing a program. It allows us to think of the data in our program in terms of real-world objects, with both properties and behaviors. These objects can be passed around throughout our program. You can easily co-related with your real world entities to understand OOPs.

We have used majorly 3 word above definition.

1) Object : When You looks around yourself and you can see real-world objects like your dog, your desk, your television set, your bicycle etc.

2) Properties : Every real world objects have Properties those define the state of the object. For example Your Dog have some name, color and gender etc.

3) Behaviors : Every real world objects can do some action like your dog action is running , ,barking & eating etc.

So for understand OOPs need to understand real world objects in systematic way and same concepts need to implement in your Programs. If any programming language follow same concepts. It means Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language.

Java is also Object Oriented Programming Language. It simplifies the software development and maintenance by providing some OOPs concepts:

Object
Class
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Object

An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior. Software objects are used to model the real-world entities that you find in your life. For example: Car, Dog , Table and TV etc. It can be physical and logical.

Class

A class is a user defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. It represents the set of properties and behavior of a real-world object that are common to all objects of one type. For Example “dogs” class is the blueprint from which all individual dogs can be generated that includes all dog characteristics, such as race, color, tail length, eyes shape, etc.

Classes are categories and objects are items within each category. For Example Car is class and Alto , Swift, Polo are Objects.

Abstraction

It is one of the key concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) languages. abstraction sometimes works in art, the object that remains is a representation of the original, with unwanted detail omitted. Process of identifying only the required characteristics of an object ignoring the irrelevant details.

Making coffee with a coffee machine is a good example of abstraction.

You need to know how to use your coffee machine to make coffee. You need to provide water and coffee beans, switch it on and select the kind of coffee you want to get.The thing you don’t need to know is how the coffee machine is working internally to brew a fresh cup of delicious coffee. You don’t need to know the ideal temperature of the water or the amount of ground coffee you need to use.

Encapsulation

It is simply means binding object properties (fields) and behavior (methods) together. “Hiding” details is another important aspect of encapsulation. Encapsulation is used to hide the internal details or state of a class from the outside word. Data Hiding means protecting the state and behavior of a class from an illegal or unauthorized access.

For example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.

It can be difficult to differentiate between Abstraction and Encapsulation. Some people don’t separate them at all.

Abstraction lets you focus on what an object or class does instead of how it does it, while Encapsulation is the process of hiding those internal details of how an object or class work. For example plane, abstraction is what helps you assume what a plane does, you can assume some things about this plane: it likely has wings, carries passengers or cargo, and is meant to fly. while encapsulation would be how it does it: how the plane flies, how it lands, how it is fueled, etc. Encapsulation is about what happens under the hood

Inheritance

It is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object or class, retaining similar implementation. When one object acquires all the properties and behavior of parent object i.e. known as inheritance. It provides re-usability.

A child inherits the properties from his parents. A similar concept is followed in Java, where we have two classes:

Parent class ( Super or Base class )
Child class ( Subclass or Derived class )

A class which inherits the properties is known as Child Class whereas a class whose properties are inherited is known as Parent class.

Polymorphism

It means having many forms. In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form.

Suppose if you are in market at that time you behave like a customer, when you in Bus at that time you behave like Passenger , when you at your home at that time you behave like a son or daughter, when you are in class room that time you behave like a student Here one person present in different-different behaviors.

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