Publications

Journal Articles

1. E = mc2: Education (E), medication (m), and conditional cash (c2) to improve uptake of antiseizure medications in a low-resource population: Protocol for randomized trial. With Rezaei SJ, Cissé FA, Touré ML, Duan R, Rice DR, Ham AS, and Farrah J. Mateen.. Epilepsia Open. 2024; 00: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.12889  

2. Effects of Family Structure on School Retention in Eswatini: Results from Sitakhela Likusasa Study. With Marelize Gorgens, Laura A. Ruiz-Gaona, Vimbai Tsododo, Mbuso Mabuza, Wendy Heard, Tengetile Dlamini, David Wilson, Lindiwe Dlamini, Edwin Simelane and Khanya Mabuza. Journal of African Education (forthcoming).

3. Conditional cash transfers to improve health-focused outcomes: a global scoping review. With Shawheen J. Rezaei and Farrah J. Mateen. Global Public Health, 17:12, 3368-3385, DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2092186

4. Are COVID-19 age-mortality curves for 2020 flatter in developing countries? Evidence from a cross-sectional observational study of population-level official death counts and excess deaths estimates. With Gabriel Demombynes, Paul Gubbins, Piedad Urdinola and Jeremy Veillard. BMJ Open 2022;12:e061589. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-061589 

5. Reviewing the evidence on health financing for effective coverage: do financial incentives work? With Eeshani Kandpal. BMJ Global Health 2022;7:e009932.

6. The impact of financial incentives on HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa, a cluster randomised trial. With Marelize Gorgens, Sosthenes Ketende, Andrew F Longosz, Mbuso Mabuza, Muziwethu Nkambule, Tengetile Dlamini, Kelvin Sikwibele, Vimbai Tsododo, Tendai Chipepera, Mxolisi Leroy Ndikandika, Wendy Heard, Gugu Maphalala, Lindiwe Dlamini, David Wilson, and Khanya Mabuza. BMJ Global Health 2022;7:e007206.

7. The Intergenerational Mortality Tradeoff of COVID-19 Lockdown Policies. With Lin Ma, Gil Shapira, Quy-Toan Do, Jed Friedman and Andrei Levchenko. Forthcoming at International Economic Review. 

8. Invitations, Incentives, and Conditions : A Randomized Evaluation of Demand-Side Interventions for Health Screenings. With Adanna Chukwuma, Nono Ayivi Guedehoussou and Marianna Koshkakaryan. Social Science & Medicine. 2022, 296, 114763.

9. HIV, Risk and Time Preferences: Evidence from a general population sample in Lesotho. With Martina Björkman Nyqvist, Lucia Corno and Jakob Svensson. Forthcoming at Health Economics.

10. Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions. With Christine Valente. Forthcoming at AEJ: Economic Policy. (Working paper version). 

11. How many infants may have died in low- and middle-income countries in 2020 due to the economic contraction accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic? Mortality projections based on forecasted declines in economic growth. With Gil Shapira and Jed Friedman. BMJ Open 2021;11:e050551. 

12. Incentivizing quantity and quality of care: Evidence from an impact evaluation of performance-based financing in the health sector in Tajikistan. With Tashrik Ahmed, Aneesa Arur and Gil Shapira. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 

13. Looking into the performance-based financing black box: Evidence from an impact evaluation in the health sector in Cameroon. With Paul Jacob Robyn, Hamadou Saidou, Gaston Sorgho and Maria Steenland. Health Policy and Planning 1-13 (2021).

14. Invitations and incentives: a qualitative study of behavioral nudges for primary care screenings in Armenia. With Estelle Gong, Adanna Chukwuma, and Emma Ghazaryan, BMC Health Serv Res 20, 1110 (2020).

15. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results. With Marelize Gorgens; Andrew Longosz; Sosthenes Ketende; Muziwethu Nkambule; Tengetile Dlamini; Mbuso Mabuza; Kelvin Sikwibele; Vimbai Tsododo; Mthokozisi Dlamini; Futhie Dennis-Langa; Wendy Heard; Andrea Low; Pandu Harimurti; David Wilson and Khanya Mabuza. BMC Public Health, 20, 1591 (2020).

16. The use of financial incentives to prevent undesirable behaviors: A review. Social Science and Medicine. 261, September 2020, 113236

17. Relative Measures of Genocide Mortality: Benefits and Methodological Considerations of Using Siblings’ Survival Data. Journal of Genocide Research. 2020. 22(1) 

18. Coping with Risk: Negative Shocks, Transactional Sex, and the Limitations of Conditional Cash Transfers. With Erick Gong, and William Dow. Journal of Health Economics. 2019. 67. 

19. The use of video vignettes to measure health worker knowledge. Evidence from Burkina Faso. With Sheheryar Banuri, Ousmane Haidara, Philip Keefer, Paul Jacob Robyn and Maurice Ye. Social Science and Medicine. 213 (2018) 173–180.

20. The Effect of Stress on Later-Life Health: Evidence from the Vietnam War Draft. With John Cawley and Daniel Grossman. Southern Economic Journal. 2018, 85(1), 142-165.

21. A Randomized Trial of Cash Incentives for Sexual Behavior Change among Female Sex Workers in Dar es Salaam. With Laura J. Packel, Kevin C. Feeney, Marianna P. Balampama, Jan E. Cooper, Admirabilis Kalolella, Wendee M Wechsberg, William H. Dow. In press. Social Science and Medicine

22. Using Lotteries to Incentivize Safer Sexual Behavior: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial on HIV Prevention. With Martina Björkman Nyqvist, Lucia Corno and Jakob Svensson.  AEJ Applied 10(3):287-314. July 2018

23. Women’s Relationship Power Modifies the Effect of a Randomized Conditional Cash Transfer Intervention for Safer Sex in Tanzania. With Jan Cooper; Sandra I McCoy; Lia C. H Fernald and William H Dow. AIDS and Behavior. 2017. 

24. Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition. With Donald A. P. Bundy, Nilanthi de Silva, Susan Horton et al. The Lancet, 391(10121) 2018: 687-699.

25. Female Sex Workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a Conditional Cash Transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex. With Jan Cooper; William H Dow; Ann C Keller; Sandra I McCoy; Lia C. H Fernald; Marianna P Balampama; Admirabilis Kalolella; Laura J Packel; Wendee M Wechsberg; Emily J Ozer. Social Science & Medicine. 181(2017) 148-157.

26. Experimental Evidence on the Long-Run Impact of Community Based Monitoring. With Martina Björkman Nyqvist and Jakob Svensson. AEJ Applied, 2017 9(1):33-69.

27. Mutual HIV status disclosure is associated with consistent condom use in public sector ART clients in Free State Province, South Africa: a short report. With Frederik le Roux Booysen, Edwin Wouters and Mead Over. AIDS Care, 2017.

28. The Impact of Positive Income Shocks on Risky Sexual Behavior: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania (joint with Zachary Wagner, William H. Dow and Erick Gong). AIDS and Behavior. 2016. 21: 650-4.

29. Using provider performance incentives to increase HIV testing and counseling services in Rwanda.  With Paul Gertler, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Ada Kwan, Christel Vermeersch, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Agnes Binagwaho and Jeanine Condo. Journal of Health Economics. 2015 40: 1-9.

30. School Feeding Programs, Intrahousehold Allocation and the Nutrition of Siblings: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Rural Burkina Faso. With Harounan Kazianga and Harold Alderman. Journal of Development Economics 2014, 106: 15-34.

31. Socioeconomic determinants of stigmatization and HIV testing in Lesotho. with L. Corno, AIDS Care 25(1): 108-113. 2013.

32. Trends and Socioeconomic Gradients in Adult Mortality around the Developing World . with D. Filmer, Population and Development Review 39(1): 1-29. 2013.

33. The Socioeconomic Distribution of Adult Mortality during Conflicts in Africa. with D. Filmer, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 18(3): 1-9. 2012.

34. Tanzanian Couples’ Perspectives on Gender Equity, Relationship Power, and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the RESPECT Study . with S. Krishnan, et al., AIDS Research and Treatment. 2012.

35. Educational and Child Labour Impacts of Two Food for Education Schemes: Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Rural Burkina Faso .with H. Kazianga and Harold Alderman, Journal of African Economies 21(5): 723–760. 2012.

36. Antiretroviral Therapy Perceived Efficacy and Risky Sexual Behaviors: Evidence from Mozambique . with H. Kazianga and M. Over., Economic Development and Cultural Change 61(1): 97-126. 2012.

37. Child Ability and Household Human Capital Investment Decisions in Burkina Faso . with R. Akresh, et al., Economic Development and Cultural Change 61(1): 157-186.

38. Evolving Strategies, Opportunistic Implementation: HIV Risk Reduction in Tanzania in the Context of an Incentive-Based HIV Prevention Intervention .with L. Packel, et al., PLOS One, 7(8), 1-10. 2012.

39. Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa. with L. Corno, Journal of African Economies 21(3): 465-498. 2012.

40. The Association Between Remarriage and HIV Infection in 13 Sub-Saharan African Countries . with R.Kline, Studies in Family Planning 43(1): 1-10. 2012.

41. Incentivising safe sex: a randomised trial of conditional cash transfers for HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention in rural Tanzania . with W. H. Dow, et al., BMJ Open 2(1): 1-10. 2012.

42. Variations in Condom Use by Type of Partner in 13 Sub-Saharan African Countries . with R. Kline, Studies in Family Planning 42(1). 2011.

43. Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. with C. Pop-Elechesa, H. Thirumurthy, et al. Aids 25(00): 1-10, 2011.

44. HIV status in discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. with Eyawo, O.,et al., Lancet Infectious Diseases 10(11): 770-777. 2010.

45. Education, Information and Smoking Decisions. Evidence from Smoking Histories, 1940-2000.  Journal of Human Resources 45(3): 682-717, 2010.

46. The Demographic and Socio-Economic Distribution of Excess Mortality during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda .  with P. Verwimp, Journal of African Economies 19(2): 141-162, 2010.

47. Parental Education and Children’s Schooling Outcomes: Evidence from Recomposed Families in Rwanda . " Economic Development and Cultural Change 57(4): 723-746, 2009.

48. "Does Education Affect HIV Status? Evidence from five African Countries.  World Bank Economic Review 23(2): 209-233, 2009.

49. Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries.  Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) 84(2): 122-125, 2008.

50. Does education affect smoking behaviors? Evidence using the Vietnam draft as an instrument for college education, Journal of Health Economics 26: 877–95, 2007.

51. How Does the Impact of an HIV/AIDS Information Campaign Vary with Educational Attainment? Evidence from Rural Uganda, Journal of Development Economics 84: 686-714, 2007.

52. Sero-Discordant Couples in Five African Countries: Implications for Prevention Strategies, Population and Development Review 33(3): 501-23, 2007.

53. The socio-demographic legacy of the Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia, Population Studies 60(2): 223-231, 2006.

54. Changing Association between Schooling Levels and HIV-1Infection Over 11 Years in a Rural Population Cohort in South-West Uganda , with J. S. Nakiyingi-Miiro, J. Busingye, and J. A. Whitworth,Tropical Medicine and International Health 10 (20, October): 993-1001, 2005.

55. Selective Mortality During the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia , Population and Development Review 31(2, June): 351-368, 2005.

Books and Chapters in Books

1. Improving Effective Coverage in Health : Do Financial Incentives Work? de Walque, Damien; Kandpal, Eeshani; Wagstaff, Adam; Friedman, Jed; Neelsen, Sven; Piatti-Fünfkirchen, Moritz; Sautmann, Anja; Shapira, Gil; Van de Poel, Ellen. World Bank Policy Research Report. 2022. Washington, DC: World Bank. 

2. A Deeper Look: Cash Transfer Programs. With Garrison J. Spencer, Melissa Hidrobo, Paul Gertler and Lia H. Fernald. Chapter in Smith-Jones, Jessica, Ed. Public Health Nutrition: Essentials for Practitioners. United States: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020.

3. “Cash Transfers and Child and Adolescent Development”. Chapter in DCP3, Disease Control Priorities 3, Economic Evaluation for Health, Child & Adolescent Development Volume. The World Bank. With Lia Fernald, Paul Gertler and Melissa Hidrobo.

4. HIV/AIDS Services Delivery, Overall Quality of Care, and Satisfaction in Burkina Faso? Are Some Patients Privileged?, With Harounan Kazianga, Seni Kouanda, Laetitia N. Ouedraogo, Elisa Rothenbuhler and Mead Over. In Poverty, Inequality, and Evaluation. Changing Perspectives. 2016. World Bank.

5. "Stimulating Demand for AIDS Prevention: Lessons from the RESPECT Trial," with William Dow, Carol Medlin, and Rose Nathan in African Successes: Human Capital (volume 2), edited by Sebastian Edwards, Simon Johnson, and David N. Weil, NBER. 

6. "Alternative Cash Transfer Delivery Mechanisms: Impacts on Routine Preventative Health Clinic Visits in Burkina Faso," with Richard Akresh and Harounan Kazianga in African Successes: Human Capital (volume 2), edited by Sebastian Edwards, Simon Johnson, and David N. Weil, NBER. Forthcoming.

7. “Risking Your Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions to Prevent Risky Behaviors” in Human Development Perspectives. (Editor). World Bank.

8. Overview of prevalence and trends of risky behaviors by region in the developing world. With Sébastien Piguet. In “Risking Your Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions to Prevent Risky Behaviors”, Damien de Walque, editor. World Bank.

9. Using economic mechanisms to reduce risky behaviors: Tax policy and other incentives.  In “Risking Your Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions to Prevent Risky Behaviors”, Damien de Walque, editor. World Bank.

10. “Economics of HIV/AIDS: transmission, treatment and prevention”, Encyclopedia of Health Economics, Elsevier. 2013.

11. “Perspective Paper: Prevention of Sexual Transmission of HIV”. Chapter in Rethink HIV,  Smarter ways to invest in ending HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, Bjorn Lomborg ed., Cambridge University Press, 2012. pp. 49-60. 

12. "Conflicts, Epidemics, and Orphanhood: The Impact of Extreme Events on the Health and Educational Achievements of Children." in No Small Matter: The Impact of Poverty, Shocks, and Human Capital Investments in Early Childhood Development. H. Alderman (ed). Washington, D.C, World Bank: 85-109. 2011.

13. The relationship between HIV infection and Education: an analysis of six Sub-Saharan African countries.  with R. Kline, in The Socioeconomic Dimensions of HIV/AIDS in Africa: Challenges, Opportunities, and Misconceptions, D. Sahn (ed.), Cornell University Press,100-133, 2010.

14. Demographic and Socioeconomic Patterns of HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Africa. with K. Beegle in The Changing HIV/AIDS Landscape. E. Lule, R. Seifman, and A. David (eds.), Washington; D.C.: World Bank, 2009. Also World Bank Policy Research Working Paper # 5076, 2009. 

15. Book Review :The Demography of Armed Conflict. 2006. Edited by Helge Brunborg, Ewa Tabeau and Henrik Urdal. " Population Studies: A Journal of Demography 62(1): 121-129, 2008.

16. How Do Education and Information Affect Health Decisions: The Cases of HIV/AIDS and Smoking, PhD Dissertation, University of Chicago, August 2003. (Committee: Gary S. Becker, Mark Duggan, Michael Greenstone, Steve Levitt, Tomas Philipson)

17. Long-term Disability Insurance in the Netherlands? A Problem of Hidden Unemployment? in Cuadernos de Economia – Latin American Journal of Economics, 121, Dec. 2003, pp. 485-494