With IoT projects likely on the horizon it is a good time to brush up on network protocols. This is relavent to
Documents at link — password required
This program allows you to dump the traffic on a network. tcpdump is able to examine IPv4, ICMPv4, IPv6, ICMPv6, UDP, TCP, SNMP, AFS BGP, RIP, PIM, DVMRP, IGMP, SMB, OSPF, NFS and many other packet types. It can be used to print out the headers of packets on a network interface, filter packets that match a certain expression. You can use this tool to track down network problems, to detect attacks or to monitor network activities. It should also be a good educational tool.
When a device attaches to a wifi access point it is generally assigned an IP address via DHCP.
see https://people.richland.edu/dkirby/141macaddress.htm
Bluetooth also uses mac addresses. It does not need to use IP.