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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

A Drone, also known as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is an aircraft without a pilot on bord. Its flight is usualy controlled in two ways; either autonomously by computers in the vehicle or under the remote control of a pilot on the ground.UAV Frame Types

Tricopter

It have three arms, each connected to one motor. The front of the UAV tends to be between two of the arms.The angle between the arms can vary, but tends to be 120 degrees.

Since the copter is not symmetric, the design uses a normal RC servo to rotate the rear motor and as such, the design is less straightforward than many other multi-rotors. controllers support this configuration.

Quadcopte

A "quadcopter" drone which has four arms, each connected to one motor. The front of the UAV tends to be between two arms (x configuration), but can also be along an arm (+ configuration).

Most popular multi-rotor design, simplest construction and quite versatile. In the standard configuration, the arms / motors are symmetric about two axes.

Hexacopter

A "hexacopter" has six arms, each connected to one motor. The front of the UAV tends to be between two arms, but can also be along one arm.

It is easy to add two additional arms and motors to a quadcopter design; this increases the total thrust available, meaning the copter can lift more payload. Also, should a motor fail, there is still a chance the copter can land rather than crash.

UAV Materials for Construction

Below are the more common materials found in multi-rotor drones:

Wood

Foam

Plastic

Aluminum

fiberGlass

Printed Circuit Boards

Wood

Carbon Fiber

Additional Considerations

Payload

Adding a "transportation" payload to a drone is still a bit of a luxury, as any added weight reduces flight time and reduces the other items you may wish to add as part of the key features. If you really plan to have a payload, ensure that the mounting is as lightweight as possible (while still being secure) and that the load itself does not shift in flight.

Landing Gear

Landing gear for a UAV helps in many ways, and although some drones land directly on their bottom plate (normally to save weight), using landing gear cane be beneficial in many ways:

Providing clearance between the bottom of the UAV and a non-flat surface such as grass (or small rocks) and providing clearance between the battery pack / gimbal and the ground

Mounting Considerations

Although a UAV is far simpler to design and build than a normal helicopter, there are still enough parts to think about, and how to mount them should be considered early in the design process. Some general points to consider regarding mounting, based largely on experience, include:

The placement of all additional components should ideally be symmetric about one axis, which helps facilitate locating and adjusting the aircraft's center of mass.

The battery is heavy enough such that if your center of mass if off by a bit, you can move the battery slightly to adjust it. Ensure the battery's mounting has a bit of "play", but still ensures it holds the battery firmly. Velcro straps are often used to secure the battery, and consider adding adhesive-backed velcro to the battery and frame as well.

model

price

EACHINE E58 33$

EVO AUTEL 1000$

XIAOMI FIMI X8 500$

ESPCOPTER 72$

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