Genealogy Information
According to O'Donovan (1848) and The O'Callaghan Clan website, "it is from one of the Eoghanacht kings, Ceallachan (d.964), that the family trace their descent. Murchadg Ua Ceallachain, a grandson of this king who lived in the early eleventh century, was the first to transit the surname hereditarily. His nephew Carthach was the ancestor of the MacCarthys."
In Ireland the second surname or family name, used as a part of one's personal name, evolved during the Middle Ages from the earlier cultural practice of using "bynames." The byname was often a reference to person's residence or occupation and was useful to identify different individuals. The practice of giving a child an ancestral surname or a family name in addition to the forename that was derived from a parent, grandparent, great grandparent, or great great grandparent ancestral chieftain or king (the progenitor) was thought to have been introduced into medieval Ireland by Brian Boru (941-1014 A.D.) during the early 11th century. An entry in the Annals of the Four Masters suggests to Brad Larkin (2014 at 16:28) that some individuals like Raigain macFinnachta Ui Lorcan who died in 955 AD may have been earlier adopters of a surname system. (Naming practices, customs, and laws are historically and culturally surprisingly diverse around the world and the timing and speed of adoption of a practice or convention varies by culture and can be quite complex. See e.g., "Surnames" Wikipedia.) Ceallachan probably died in 954 AD, so there is a line of descendants before the regular practice of using surnames or family names began. His son Donnchad was also king of Munster for about 4 years years (there were three other kings between Ceallachan and Donnchad). Donnchad died in 963 AD. "Cellachan Caisil mac Buadachan" means the same as Ceallachan of Cashel, son of Buadachan. His son is sometimes referred to as Donnchad mac Cellachan, Donnchad Ceallachan, or Donnchad, son of Ceallachan. Using a surname quickly became shorter than using a series of "mac" designations to establish a person's family relationship to an ancestral chieftain or king. For example, the name Donald O'Callaghan is shorter than Donald mac Donough, mac Morogh, mac Donough, mac Ceallachan.
According to Gillman (1897), reproduced below, the sequence to the first use of the surname was as follows: Ceallachan Cashel, then Donough, [his son], Morogh, [grandson], Donough,[great grandson], Surnames were then adopted in Ireland during the time of Brian Boru in the 11th century. Donald O'Callaghan, [gr. gr. grandson] Gillman claims is "the first who assumed this surname," then Callaghan O'Callaghan [gr. gr. gr. grandson] Died 1092 A.D., etc.,
Interestingly, there also was a later Saint Callaghan who was a monk at Clontibret (Coghlan et al., The Book of Irish Names, 1989:14) and a Callahan castle at Clonmeen that was destroyed by William of Orange. At one point in later history the Callahans "settled on the banks of the Blackwater, west of Mallow, where they became the chiefs of a territory called after them 'Pobul Ui Cheallachain' " (C. Thomas Cairney, 1989, Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland, An Ethnography of the Gael, A.D. 500-1750; McFarland & Co. Jefferson NC; p.123). The Poems of Egan O'Rahilly (1911) have two poems written in the early 1700's about the death of Domhnall O'Callaghan in 1724 and describe his genealogy, life at Clonmeen Castle, and the Callahan coat of arms. The Callahan crest is based upon the image of a wolf emerging from an oak grove, i.e. "Ar. in base a mount vert on the dexter side a hurst of oak trees issuant therefrom a wolf passant towards the sinister all proper." (Cairney 1989:164). There are also extensive records in continental archives of Spanish Knights of Irish Origin including Matheo O Calaghan (1722), Knight of Santiago (M. Walsh 1960).
The Inauguration of Ceallachan of Cashel as the King of Munster c. 940/44 A.D.
"Each put his hands between those of the prince, the royal diadem was placed on his head; it was announced to the people that Ceallachan, the son of Buadhachan, the son of Lachtna, the son of Ardghal, the son of Sneadhghus, the son of Faolghus, the son of Natfraoich, the son of Colga, the son of Failbhe Flan, the son of Aodh Dubh, the son of Criomhthann, the son of Feidhlimidh, the son of Aonghus, the son of Conall Corc, the son of Lughaidh, the son of Oilill Flannbeg, the son of Fiacha Muilleathan, the son of Eoghan Mor, the son of Oilill Olum, was sovereign prince and ruler of Leath Mogha, and the royal shout proclaimed the public approbation"(Gleeson, Cashel of the Kings; cited in Roger Chatterton Newman's Brian Boru, King of Ireland, 1983 p.54).
[The names described above correlate fairly well with the geneaological table of the Kings of Munster found in Moody et al. (1984:136). According to Moody et al., the Aonghus referred to in the geneaology described above died c. 490/92 A.D., suggesting that this geneaology extended well back in time. Moody et al. would appear to contradict the unsupported statement of Newman that, "The quotation, given by Gleeson in Cashel of the Kings, is an interesting, if genealogically dubious, insight into the coronation of an Irish king"(1983:194)]. Newman's statement of skepticism about Ceallachan's ancestry is based on his view that historians should not necessarily take such things at face value and on an assumption that it would have been politically advantageous to have a lengthy pedigree going back to the beginnings of the Eoghanacta in the second century with Eoghan Mor and Cormac Cas, which it certainly would have been, but that does not mean it was not also true. Newman is the biographer of Brian Boru whose Dalcassian father, Cinneide (Kennedy), was Ceallachan's rival and under their system of tanistry, Ceallachan's successor for the Kingship of Munster. Cinneide was later killed during a battle between the Dalcassian's and Ceallachan's Eoghanacht. The Dal Cas (Dalcassians) were the traditional kings of Thomond in north Munster, and the Eoghanact were traditional kings in south Munster. The kingship of Munster was determined by an election and perhaps tanistry. In theory it may have alternated between two groups, but this has been questioned by some historians.
THE CALLAHANS AND MacCARTHYS ARE RELATED.
According to The Book of Munster:
Buadhchain's son was Ceallachan Caisil (who died in 954 AD)
Ceallachan Caisil's son was Donnchadh
Donnchadh had two sons: 1. Saoirlmeathach, from whom the MacCarthy's subsequently descend, and
2. Murchad, from whom the O'Callaghans subsequently descend.
To review, according to the Callahan genealogy chart by Herbert Webb Gillman in the Vol. III, June 1897 article The Chieftains of Pobul-I-Callaghan, County Cork, Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society (p. 201, 205-206) the or genealogical sequence or pedigree was:
Ceallachan Cashel, "42nd Christian king of Munster, out of which he routed the Danes, d. 952"
Donough, [his son]
Morogh, [his son]
Donough,[his son]
Donald O'Callaghan, [his son] "the first who assumed this surname"
Callaghan O'Callaghan [his son] Died 1092 A.D.
Surnames were adopted in Ireland during the time of Brian Boru in the 11th century.
(Below) Screen shots of the genealogy chart of Herbert Webb Gilman referenced above.
There is also a Callahan and MacCarthy Genealogy chart, 954 A.D.-1773 A.D. in O' Donovan (1841:64).
Detailed genealogical tables of the Kings of Munster (Eoganacht) to 1024, the succession list of the Kings of Munster to 1119, and the early MacCarthys of Desmond beginning with Carthach, King of Eoganacht Caisil (d. 1045), can found in A New History of Ireland Vol. IX Maps, genealogies, lists edited by T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin, and F.J. Byrne, 1984, Clarendon Press: Oxford pp.136,154-157, 203-206.
According to O'Donovan (1848:12) Callaghan of Cashel is also mentioned in a poem on the Triumphs of the Kinel-Owen composed by Flann of the Monastery, preserved in the Book of Glendalough (fol.147, b.a.) a MS. of the twelfth century in the Manuscript Library of Trinity College, Dublin.
Earlier Callahan ancestry is further referenced on the Callahan WWW Home Page. For example: "The year 489 is notable for the death of Aenghus, son of Nadfreach, King of Munster, the common ancestor of the MacCarthy's, O'Keefe's, O'Callaghan's and O'Sullivan's...."
For genealogical pedigrees before and after Ceallachan of Cashel check The Book of Munster. The website indicates that The Book of Munster was "Written in 1703, [by] Rev. Eugene O'Keeffe, Parish priest and Poet of Doneraile, North Cork." As an example of what is at the website, here is part of the line including, but mostly BEFORE, Ceallachan. The Book of Munster starts earlier with Oilill Olum and the beginning of the Eoghanacht genealogy.
"(This is the stem of the MacCarthy and O'Callaghan Pedigree)
The Race of Failbhe Flann here:-
Failbhe Flann, died 637, son of Aodh Dubh son of Criom Thainn
had one son, i.e., Colga.
Colga's son - Nad Fraoich
Nad Fraoich's son - Daolghus
Daolghus's son - O Donnghail
Donnghail's son - Sneadghue
Sneadghue's son - Artghail
Artghail's son - Lachtna
Lachtna's son - Buadhchain
Buadhchain's son - Ceallachan (died 954)
Son of Ceallachan Caisil was Donnchadh
Donnchadh had two sons: Saoirlmeathach (from whom the MacCarthy's) and
Murchad from whom are the O'Callaghans." (source: The Book of Munster).
THE O"CALLAGHAN LINE IN THE BOOK OF MUNSTER
In the Book of Munster, Section 23 is the genealogy chart for the O'Callaghan Line AFTER, Ceallachan of Cashel (King of Munster) and Donnchadh, his son (also King of Munster). The O'Callaghans start with Donnchadh's second son Murchadh O'Callaghan (Donnchadh's first son, Saoirlmeathach, began the line of the McCarthys):
"XXIII.
The O'Callaghans
Murchadh son of Donnchadh son of Ceallachan Caiseil had one son
Domhnall.
Domhnall's son - Ceallachan.
Ceallachan's son - Cinneidigh.
Cinneidigh's son - Aodh.
Aodh's son - Murchadh.
Murchad's son - Mathghamain (Mahon)
Mathghamain's son - Macraith
Macraith's son - Lochlainn
Lochlainn's son - Maol Sheachlainn (Malachy)
Maolseachlainn's son - Macraith
Macraith's son - Cinneidhigh
Cinneidhigh's son - Donnchadh
Donnchadh's son - Conchubhar Lynagh
Conchubar's son - Tadhg Ruadh (died 1532)
Tadhg Ruadh's four sons - Donnchadh (died 1577), Cathaoir, Diarmuid and
Eoghan
Donnchadh's son - Conchubhar
Conchbhar's son - Ceallachan (died 1578)
Ceallachan's son - Cathaoir Modartha
Cathaoir Modartha's family: Donnchadh, Tadhg, Ceallachan, and Conchubhar.
Donnchadh had five sons: Tadhg, Donnchadh Og, Cathaoir, Ceallachan and
Murchadh.
Tadhg had three sons: Conchubhar, Donnchadh and Cathaoir.
Ceallachan, son of Cathaoior Modartha, had two sons: Ceallachan and
Cinneidigh.
Conchubhar, son of Cahaoir Modartha, had two sons: Cathaoir, slain in
Ulster and Tadhg, now (1703) married to Mary daughter of Cormac Spainneach
McCarthy (Carrignavar) and she previously was wife to Donnchadh Og son
of Donnchadh son of Cathaoir Modartha.
(There are some genealogies of minor branches of O'Callaghan)"
[source: The Book of Munster].
Ceallachan's pedigree is also given in Geoffrey Keating's History of Ireland as follows:
"105 Donnchadh, son of
104 Ceallachan of Caiseal, son of
103 Buadhachan, son of
102 Lachtna, son of
101 Artghal, son of
100 Sneadhghus. Brother to this Sneadhghus was Foghartach and son to Foghartach was Fionghuine from whom Muinntear Fhionghuine are called, son of
99 Donnghal, son of
98 Faolghus, son of
97 Natfraoich, son of
96 Colga, son of
95 Failbhe Flann. Brother to this Failbhe Flann was Finguin son of Aodh Dubh from whom are sprung O Suilleabhain Mor and O Suilleabhain of Bearra. The
Book of Munster says that Finghin was senior to Failbhe and that for that reason the seancha composed the following stanza on Finghin's being in the sovereignty of Munster before Failbhe, on account of his seniority to
him -
To be without Finghin, to be without Mor
to Caiseal is a cause of grief;
It is as if there were no king
If Failbhe Flann is to be king.
However, since the descendants of Failbhe excelled those of Fingin in prowess and noblity of deeds they are made founders in the genealogy here, son of
94 Aodh Dubh, son of
93 Criomhthann, son of
92 Feidhlimidh. Brother to this Feidhlimidh was Eochaidh Fionn from whom sprung O Caoimh, and another brother to him was Eanna whence spring Muinntear Dhalaigh of Munster, son of
91 Aonghus, son of
90 Natfraoich. Brother to this Natfraoich was Cas son of Corc whence sprang O Dannchadha Mor, and from him sprang O Dannchadha of the Gleann, O Mathghamhna Fionn, O Mathghamhna Ruadh, and O Mathghamhna of Ui
Floinn Lua, and O Mathghamhna of cairbre, and from another brother of this Natfraoich namely Cairbre Luchra son of Corc are sprung Ui Muircheartaigh, son of
89 Corc, son of
88 Lughaidh. Brother of this Lughaidh was Daire Cearb from whom are sprung O Donnabhain and O Cuilein of Cairbre, son of
87 Oilill Flann Beag. From the progeny of Fiachaidh Fighinnte son of Caire Cearb son of Oilill Flann Beag are sprung Muinntear Aicheir, Muinntear Mhiadhachain and Clann Mhic Dabhith in Thomond, son of
86 Fiachaidh Muilleathan, son of
85 Eoghan Mor, son of
84 Oilill Olum, son of
83 Mugh Nuadhat " (source: The Keating Genealogies).
There is some additional post Ceallachan genealogy at http://www2.smumn.edu/munster/ocallaghan.html
(Below) Herbert Webb Gillman wrote a very important article about Callahan genealogy and history in the Vol. III, June 1897 article The Chieftains of Pobul-I-Callaghan, County Cork, Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society (p. 201, 205-206). This is also available as a free Ebook on Google Books. It describes the genealogy of the O'Callaghan clan and their later history. You may need to press the "enlarge" icon (a magnifying glass icon with a plus sign) to make the article easier to read directly on this webpage.
Nov.7, 2022 Note: You can add 13 people and about 500 years to your genealogy chart. These are the ancestors of the first Callahan, Cellachan Caisil (Callahan of Cashel, d. 954 AD) from oldest to youngest: Conall Corc, Nad Froich, Aengus (+490/2 AD), Feidlimid, Aed Dub, Failbe Fland (+637/9 AD), Colgu (+678 AD), Nad Froich, Faelgus, Snedgus, Artgal, Lachta, Buadachan (his mother), Cellachan Caisil (+954 AD).
(Source: Bart Jaski, Ph.D thesis, later published as "Early Irish kingship and succession, Dublin, Four Courts Press (2000). Online PDF version of Dr. Jaski's "Genealogical tables of medieval Irish royal dynasties" Chart 51, p. 131.