Bryan R. Early. 2015. Busted Sanctions : Explaining Why U.S. Economic Sanctions Fail. Stanford University Press.
This book was written with the support of an International Security & Foreign Policy Junior Faculty Grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation.
Bryan Early, Nolan Fahrenkopf, Michael Horowitz, and James I. Walsh. Forthcoming. “Climbing the Ladder: Explaining the Vertical Proliferation of Cruise Missiles.” Journal of Conflict Resolution.
Bryan Early and Dursun Peksen. Forthcoming. “Does Misery Love Company? Analyzing the Global Suffering Inflicted by U.S. Economic Sanctions.” Global Studies Quarterly.
Bryan R. Early and Timothy Peterson. 2021. “Does Punishing Sanctions Busters Work? Sanctions Enforcement and U.S. Trade with Sanctioned States.” Political Research Quarterly.
Bryan R. Early. 2021. “Birds of a Feather, Do Sanctioned States Flock Together?” Foreign Policy Analysis.
Bryan R. Early and Erik Gartzke. 2021. “Spying from Space: Reconnaissance Satellites and Interstate Disputes." Journal of Conflict Resolution.
Bryan R. Early and Menevis Cilizoglu, eds. 2020. “Economic Sanctions in Flux: Enduring Challenges, New Policies, and Defining the Future Research Agenda.” International Studies Perspectives 21(4): 438-477..
Navin Bapat, Bryan Early, Julia Grauvogel, and Katja Kleinberg. 2020. “The Design and Enforcement of Economic Sanctions.”
Bryan R. Early and Dursun Peksen. 2020. “Shadow Economies and the Success of Economic Sanctions: Explaining Why Democratic Targets are Disadvantaged.” Foreign Policy Analysis 16(3): 353-372.
Bryan R. Early and Keith Preble. 2020. “Going Fishing Versus Hunting Whales: Explaining Changes in How the U.S. Enforces Economic Sanctions.” Security Studies 29(2): 231-267.
Dursun Peksen and Bryan R. Early. 2020. "Internal Conflicts and Shadow Economies.” Journal of Global Security Studies 5(3): 463-477.
Bryan R. Early and Amira Jadoon. 2019. “Using the Carrot as the Stick: U.S. Foreign Aid and the Effectiveness of Sanctions Threats.” Foreign Policy Analysis 15(3): 350-369.
Bryan R. Early and Dursun Peksen. 2019. "Searching in the Shadows: The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Informal Economies." Political Research Quarterly 72(4): 821–834.
Bryan R. Early and Marcus Schulzke. 2019. “Still Unjust, Just in Different Ways: How Targeted Sanctions Fall Short of Just War Theory’s Principles.” International Studies Review Review 21(1): 57-80.
Bryan Early and Victor Asal. 2018. “Nuclear Weapons, Existential Threats, and the Stability-Instability Paradox." The Nonproliferation Review 25(3-4): 223-247.
Robert Blanton, Bryan R. Early, and Dursun Peksen. 2018. “Out of the Shadows or into the Dark? Economic Openness, IMF Programs, and the Growth of Shadow Economies." Review of International Organizations 13(2): 309–333.
Bryan R. Early and Christopher Way. 2017. “First Missiles, then Nukes? Explaining the Connection between Missile Programs and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.” Korean Journal of International Studies 15(3): 359-390.
Victor Asal, Bryan R. Early, and Marcus Schulzke. 2017. “Up in Arms! Explaining Why Ethnic Minority Organizations form Militias.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 34(5): 485–506.
Bryan R. Early, Erika Martin, Brian Nussbaum, and Kathleen Deloughery. 2017. “Should Conventional Terrorist Bombings Be Considered Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism?” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 10(1): 54-73.
Bryan R. Early, Mark Nance, and M. Patrick Cottrell. 2017. “Global Governance at the Energy-Security Nexus: Lessons from UNSCR 1540.” Energy Research & Social Science 24(February): 94-101.
Bryan R. Early and Amira Jadoon. 2016. “Do Sanctions Always Stigmatize? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Foreign Aid.” International Interactions. 42(2): 217-243.
Bryan R. Early and Robert Spice. 2015. “Economic Sanctions, International Institutions,and Sanctions Busters: When Does Institutionalized Cooperation Help Sanctioning Efforts?” Foreign Policy Analysis 11(3): 339-360.
Robert Tynes and Bryan R. Early. 2015. "Governments, Rebels, and the Use of Child Soldiers in Internal Armed Conflicts: A Global Analysis, 1987-2007." Peace Economics, Peace Science, & Public Policy 21(1): 79-110.
Bryan R. Early and Victor Asal. 2014. “Nuclear Weapons and Existential Threats: Insights from a Comparative Analysis of Nuclear-Armed States.” Comparative Strategy 33(3): 303-320.
Bryan R. Early. 2014. "Exploring the Final Frontier: An Empirical Analysis of Global Civil Space Proliferation." International Studies Quarterly 58(1): 55-67.
J. Patrick Rhamey and Bryan R. Early. 2013. “Going for the Gold: Status Seeking Behavior and Olympic Performance.” International Area Studies Review 16(3): 244-261.
Bryan R. Early, Matt Fuhrmann, and Quan Li. 2013. “Atoms for Terror? Nuclear Programs and Non-Catastrophic Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism.” British Journal of Political Science 43(4): 915-936.
Jeffrey Berejikian and Bryan R. Early. 2013. “Loss Aversion and Foreign Policy Resolve.” Political Psychology 34(5): 649-671.
Featured on National Public Radio’s “Morning Edition” (25 October 2013): http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=240685257 .
Quan Li, Bryan R. Early, Matthew Fuhrmann, and Arnie Vedlitz. 2012. "Preferences, Knowledge, and Citizen Assessments of the Terrorism Risks of Nuclear Power." Review of Policy Research 29(2): 202-227.
Bryan R. Early. 2012. “Alliances and Trade with Sanctioned States: A Study of U.S. Economic Sanctions, 1950-2000.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 56(3): 547-572.
Douglas Stinnett, Bryan R. Early, Cale Horne, and Johannes Karreth. 2011. “Complying by Denying: Explaining Why States Develop Nonproliferation Export Controls.” International Studies Perspectives 12(3): 308-326.
Bryan R. Early. 2011. “Unmasking the Black Knights: Sanctions Busters and Their Effects on Sanctions Success.” Foreign Policy Analysis 7(4): 381-402.
Bryan R. Early. 2010. “Acquiring Foreign Nuclear Assistance in the Middle East: Strategic Lessons from the United Arab Emirates.” The Nonproliferation Review 17(2): 259-280.
Bryan R. Early. 2009. "Sleeping with Your Friends’ Enemies: An Explanation of Sanctions-Busting Trade.” International Studies Quarterly 53(1): 49-71.
Matthew Fuhrmann and Bryan R. Early. 2008. “Following START: Risk Acceptance and the 1991–1992 Presidential Nuclear Initiatives.” Foreign Policy Analysis 4(1): 21-43.
Bryan R. Early. 2006. “‘Larger than a Party, yet Smaller than a State:’ Locating Hezbollah’s Place within Lebanon’s State and Society.” World Affairs 168(3): 115-28.
Bryan R. Early and Savanah Courtney. 2018. “What Sanctions Accomplish Even When They Fail.” Contango 2 (Spring): 19-26.
Bryan R. Early. 2016. “Statecraft and the Limitations of Economic Sanctions.” E-International Relations (22 August).
Bryan R. Early. 2016. “Turning Transparency into Knowledge: Enhancing How the 1540 Committee Shares Information.” UNSCR 1540 Civil Society Forum. New York: United Nations 1540 Committee.
Bryan R. Early. 2016. “Confronting the Implementation and Enforcement Challenges Involved in Imposing Economic Sanctions,” p. 43-69. In Natalino Ronzitti’s, Ed., Coercive Diplomacy, Sanctions and International Law. Boston: Brill Nijhoff.
Bryan R. Early and Keith Preble. 2020. “Enforcing US Economic Sanctions: Why Whale Hunting Works.” Washington Quarterly 43(1): 159-175.
Bryan R. Early. 2019. “Deterrence and Disclosure: The Dual Logics Promoting U.S. Sanctions Compliance.” Center for New American Security (June 10).
Bryan Early and Keith Preble. 2019. “Trends in U.S. Sanctions Enforcement During the Trump Administration.” NYU School of Law’s Compliance and Enforcement Blog, January 30.
Keith Preble and Bryan R. Early. 2018. “‘Sanctions Busting’: The Risks and Rewards to those Trying to Circumvent the System.” SanctionsAlert.com, June 15. Available at:
Robert Blanton, Bryan Early, and Dursun Peksen. 2018. “What 45 Years of Data Tell Us about Globalization’s Influence on the Shadow Economy.” Harvard Business Review, May 8.
Bryan R. Early. 2016. “Who Gets Caught Violating U.S. Economic Sanctions? Trends in OFAC Enforcement Actions from 2003-2015.” SanctionsAlert.com, April 5.
Bryan R. Early. 2014. “Why Busted Sanctions Lead to Broken Sanctions Policies.” CATO Unbound: A Journal of Debate (November).
Victor Asal and Bryan R. Early. 2012. "Are We Focusing on the Wrong Nuclear Threat?" Foreign Policy Online (May 24).
Bryan R. Early. 2009. “Export Control Development in the United Arab Emirates: From Commitments to Compliance.” Belfer Center Policy Brief. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
Bryan R. Early. 2006. “The Proliferation Threat from Free Trade Zones.” The Monitor 12(1): 3-6.
Bryan R. Early. 2018. “U.S. sanctions against Iran just got tougher. What happens now?” The Washington Post’s Monkey Cage Blog, November 3.
Bryan R. Early. 2018. “E.U. countries want to save the Iran nuclear deal. Don’t expect cooperation on U.S. sanctions.” The Washington Post’s Monkey Cage Blog, May 25.
Bryan R. Early and Keith Preble. 2017. “America Needs Europe’s Help with Sanctions. It May Not Get It.” The Washington Post’s Monkey Cage Blog (24 August).
Bryan R. Early. 2016. “Busting the Myth that Myanmar is a Sanctions Success Story.” Policy Forum (30 November).
Bryan R. Early and Mark Nance. 2016. “Here’s How the U.N. Is Working to Stop Terrorists from Getting Weapons of Mass Destruction.” The Washington Post’s Monkey Cage Blog, May 3.
Bryan R. Early, Brandon Valeriano, and Ryan Mannes. 2015. “Sticking with Sanctions Means We Are Stuck with the Status Quo in Ukraine.” Political Violence @ a Glance, June 29.
Bryan R. Early. 2015. “Sanctions and divestment are feel-good policies that often fail.” The Conversation, April 29.
Bryan R. Early. 2015. “U.S. sanctions fail two-thirds of the time. And allies are often to blame.” Reuters (Online and Newswire), January 5.
Bryan R. Early and Robert Tynes. 2012. “Beyond Kony 2012, Child Soldiers Are Used in Most Civil Wars.” The Christian Science Monitor, April 20.
Bryan R. Early. 2009. “To Lift the US Economy, Lift Sanctions on America's Foes.” The Christian Science Monitor, March 25.