1st Theory of Causation: Classical, Neo-Classical, Rational choice, Deterrence
2nd Theory of Causation: Routine Activities Theory
3rd Theory of Causation: Theological (demonology)
4th Theory of Causation: Biological (Phrenology and Somatotypes)
5th Theory of Causation: Psychological (Behaviorism and learning Theory)
Psychological Theories
Background to the 5th Theory of Causation: (Behaviorism and learning Theory)
Sigmund Freud Goddard (1914) B. F. Skinner
Introduction to Psychological Theories: Freud and Freudian Psychology
The psychoanalytic approach,
Elements of the personality according to Freudian psychology
The “Id” The “Ego” The “Superego”
Source of each element of the personality
Concepts of psychopathology
Henry H. Goddard -- Kallikak family in 1914 -- inherited feeblemindedness.
Behaviorism and Learning Theory -- B. F. Skinner
The “focus” of his research in contrast to biological and psychological approach
Learned responses -- specific stimuli the key to controlling social behavior -- Conditioning
An example in juvenile society
Categories of risk factors --
1. Individual factors 2. Social / Economic status factors 3. Family factors
4. Gender factors 5. Race Factors
Components of the “individual” risk factor category
Anti-social behavior / Drug use or Dealing drugs Gun Possession
Early sexual involvement / teen parenthood Developmental disabilities
Victimization Poor school achievement